第2670期:Birds of Prey in Decline with Loss of Habitat

Birds of prey, also known as raptors, are species of birds that feed almost entirely on meat that they hunt. A new report shows that these birds are dropping in number worldwide. 猛禽，也称为猛禽，是几乎完全以它们狩猎的肉类为食的鸟类。 一份新报告表明，这些鸟在全球范围内下降。 Researchers from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and BirdLife International studied 557 raptor species. They found that 167 of the bird species are considered near threatened, vulnerable or endangered or critically endangered. Their study also reported that 18 species are critically endangered, including the Philippine eagle, the hooded vulture and the Annobon scops owl. 国际自然和鸟类国际保护联盟的研究人员研究了557种猛禽。 他们发现，有167种鸟类被认为是受到威胁，脆弱或濒危或严重濒临灭绝的。 他们的研究还报道说，有18种受到严重威胁，包括菲律宾鹰，带帽的秃鹰和Annobon Scops Owl。 Gerardo Ceballos is a bird scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He was one of the writers of the study, which appeared earlier this month in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He noted that other species are in danger of becoming locally extinct in some areas of the world. That means they may no longer play important parts as top hunters in those environments. Gerardo Ceballos是墨西哥国家自治大学的鸟类科学家。 他是该研究的作家之一，该研究本月早些时候在美国国家科学院的出版论文集中发表。 他指出，其他物种在世界某些地区处于局部灭绝的危险。 这意味着他们可能不再在这些环境中作为顶级猎人发挥重要作用。 “The golden eagle is the national bird of Mexico, but we have very few golden eagles left in Mexico,” he said. A 2016 study estimated only about 200 remain in the country. 说：“金鹰是墨西哥的国家鸟，但我们在墨西哥留下的金鹰很少。” 2016年的一项研究估计在该国仅剩下200个。 Harpy eagles were once widespread throughout southern Mexico and Central and South America. But tree cutting and burning has greatly decreased their range.哈比鹰队曾经在整个墨西哥南部以及中美洲和南美洲都广泛。 但是，砍伐和燃烧大大减少了它们的范围。The study found that 54 percent of threatened birds of prey that are active mostly during the day — including most hawks, eagles and vultures —were falling in population. The same was true for 47 percent of threatened raptors active mostly at night, such as owls. 该研究发现，人口下降的人口中有54％的人在白天大多活跃的受威胁猛禽（包括大多数鹰，老鹰和秃鹰）都在下降。 对于47％的受威胁猛禽的活动中，大多在晚上（例如猫头鹰）也是如此。Evan Buechley is a researcher at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and a scientist at nonprofit HawkWatch International. He was not involved in the study. He said the biggest threats to birds of prey are habitat loss, climate change and poisonous substances. 埃文·布希利（Evan Buechley）是史密森尼移民鸟中心的研究员，也是非营利性霍卡奇国际（Nonprofit Hawkwatch International）的科学家。 他没有参与研究。 他说，对猛禽的最大威胁是栖息地丧失，气候变化和有毒物质。 The insect-killing substance DDT thinned eggshells and destroyed bald eagle populations in North America, leading to its ban in the U.S. in 1972. But Buechley said other threats remain, including rodent-killing substances and the lead in hunters’ ammunition. 杀死昆虫的物质滴滴涕稀释了蛋壳，并摧毁了北美的秃鹰种群，导致1972年在美国禁止其禁令。但是Buechley说，其他威胁仍然存在，包括杀死啮齿动物的物质和猎人弹药的负责人。Many raptors feed on rodents and dead animals. 许多猛禽以啮齿动物和死动物为食。 Widespread use of a drug used in farm animals led to the fast decline of vultures in South Asia. The birds died after eating animal remains, which decreased the population of some species by 95 percent in recent decades. 在农场动物中使用的药物的广泛使用导致南亚秃鹰的快速下降。 鸟类在吃动物遗体后死亡，近几十年来，一些物种的种群减少了95％。 In East Asia, many raptor species reproduce in northern China, Mongolia or Russia. They then travel down the eastern coast of China to spend summers in Southeast Asia or India. 在东亚，许多猛禽物种在中国北部，蒙古或俄罗斯繁殖。 然后，他们沿着中国东海岸旅行，在东南亚或印度度过夏天。 “Certain areas of the coast will see 30 to 40 species during peak migration,” said Yang Liu. He is an ecologist at Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou and was not involved in the study. 杨刘说：“沿海岸的某些地区将在高峰迁移期间看到30至40种物种。” 他是广州Sun Yat-Sen University的生态学家，没有参与这项研究。 He said that areas with thousands of birds passing through them “are important to protect.” 他说，成千上万的鸟类经过它们的地区“对于保护很重要”。 Stuart Butchart is chief scientist at BirdLife International in Britain. He said that most of the 4,200 areas identified by conservation groups as critical for raptor species worldwide “are unprotected or only partly covered by protected areas.” Stuart Butchart是英国Birdlife International的首席科学家。 他说，保护群体确定为全世界猛禽物种至关重要的4200个地区中，大多数是“受保护区的无保护或部分覆盖”。 A 2018 study in the publication Biological Conservation found that 52 percent of all raptor species worldwide are decreasing in population. 2018年在出版物生物保护中进行的一项研究发现，全球所有猛禽中有52％的人口正在减少。

The Fish and Wildlife Service warned that climate change, combined with other environmental pressures, could make such disappearances more common. As an example, it said nearly 3 billion birds have been lost in North America since 1970. 鱼类和野生动植物局警告说，气候变化与其他环境压力相结合，可能会使这种失踪更为普遍。 例如，它说自1970年以来，北美已经丢失了近30亿只鸟。“These extinctions highlight the need to take action to prevent further losses,” the agency said in a statement. 该机构在一份声明中说：“这些灭绝强调了采取行动以防止进一步损失的必要性。” Around the world, about 900 species have been documented as extinct. The actual number, however, is thought to be much higher because some are never officially identified. Many scientists have warned that the planet is in an “extinction crisis,” with plants and animals disappearing at 1,000 times the historical rate. 在世界范围内，大约有900种被记录为灭绝。 但是，实际数字被认为要高得多，因为有些人从未正式识别出来。 许多科学家警告说，地球正处于“灭绝危机”，动植物的消失是历史速度的1000倍。 Several scientists said it was possible that one or more of the 23 species included could reappear in the future. 几位科学家说，未来包含的23种物种中有一个或多个可能会重新出现。 Cornell University bird biologist John Fitzpatrick is a leading figure in the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker. He told The Associated Press he thinks it was too early to declare the birds extinct. “Little is gained and much is lost” he said of the declaration process. 康奈尔大学鸟类生物学家约翰·菲茨帕特里克（John Fitzpatrick）是寻找象牙嘴啄木鸟的领先人物。 他告诉美联社，他认为宣布鸟类灭绝还为时过早。 他谈到宣言过程时说：“几乎没有收获，损失了很多。”Fitzpatrick led a 2005 study that claimed the woodpecker had been rediscovered in eastern Arkansas. He said removing a species from the ESA reduces public attention that is needed to help continue environmental protection efforts. 菲茨帕特里克（Fitzpatrick）领导了一项2005年的研究，该研究声称啄木鸟在阿肯色州东部重新发现。 他说，从ESA中取出一种物种可以减少公众的关注，以帮助继续环境保护工作。 Officials said the extinction declarations were driven by a desire to clear a backlog of suggested changes for species that had not been acted upon for years. They hope this will free up resources for more protection efforts for species that still have a chance for recovery. 官员们说，灭绝声明是出于渴望清除积压的对物种的积压，这些变化多年来一直没有采取任何行动。 他们希望这将为仍然有恢复机会的物种提供更多保护的资源。

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has identified 23 species it says are now extinct. 美国鱼类和野生动物服务局已经确定了23种它已经灭绝的物种。 The agency released a list Wednesday that includes 11 birds, eight freshwater mussels, two species of fish, a bat and a plant. Most of the species had been found in states in the southeastern U.S. Eleven species lived in Hawaii or Guam. 该机构周三发布了一份清单，其中包括11只鸟类，八个淡水贻贝，两种鱼，一只蝙蝠和一只植物。 大部分物种都在美国东南部的11种居住在夏威夷或关岛的州中。Perhaps the best known species on the list is the ivory-billed woodpecker. There had been unconfirmed sightings of the bird over the past 20 years. That led to search operations in parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida. But none of the woodpeckers were found. 名单上最著名的物种也许是象牙嘴啄木鸟。 在过去的20年中，鸟类尚未得到证实。 这导致了阿肯色州，路易斯安那州，密西西比州和佛罗里达部分的搜索行动。 但是找不到啄木鸟。 Other species on the list had only been identified in the wild a few times and never seen again. One example is the flat pigtoe, a freshwater mussel found in Alabama and Mississippi. In such cases, the species likely started disappearing shortly after being discovered. 名单上的其他物种仅在野外发现了几次，再也没有见过。 一个例子是扁平的玉米饼，这是在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州发现的淡水贻贝。 在这种情况下，该物种很可能在被发现后不久就开始消失。In declaring a species extinct, the Fish and Wildlife Service removes it from its Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of the ESA is to call attention to species with the greatest need for protection. 在宣布一种物种灭绝的过程中，鱼类和野生动植物服务将其从其濒危物种法（ESA）中删除。 ESA的目的是引起人们对保护需求最大的物种的关注。 The agency said the identifications came after officials carried out “rigorous” investigations based on “the best available science for each of these species.” The declarations will become final after a three-month public comment period. 该机构表示，这些识别是在官员们根据“这些物种中最佳科学的最佳科学”进行“严格”调查之后进行的。 在一个三个月的公开评论期之后，声明将成为最终的。 All 23 species were thought to have at least a small chance of survival when added to the ESA list. Only 11 species have been previously removed because of extinction in the nearly half-century since the ESA was signed into law. 当将所有23种物种添加到ESA列表中时，所有23种至少都有很小的生存机会。 由于ESA被签署为法律以来，由于近半个世纪的灭绝，以前仅删除了11种。

The large, colorful birds called peacocks have spent the last 20 years walking through cities in South Florida with nothing to worry about. They are protected under the law. 在过去的20年中，大型五颜六色的鸟类在南佛罗里达州的城市中漫步，不用担心。 他们受法律受到保护。 However, local leaders voted recently to permit individual cities to remove the birds from unwanted areas. The Miami Herald newspaper reported that cities just need to have a plan to remove the birds without killing them. 但是，当地领导人最近投票通过，允许各个城市从不需要的地区删除鸟类。 《迈阿密先驱报》报道说，城市只需要制定一个计划即可删除鸟类而不杀死它们。 Raquel Regalado is a local government leader. She represents parts of the cities of Miami and Coral Gables where people want permission to remove the birds.拉奎尔·雷加拉多（Raquel Regalado）是地方政府领导人。 她代表了迈阿密和珊瑚山墙城市的一部分，人们希望允许去除鸟类。 “Mating season is when we get the most complaints. They get very aggressive,” said Regalado. She added the birds would do things like damage cars with their beaks. 雷加拉多说：“交配季节是我们收到最多的抱怨。他们变得非常积极。” 她补充说，这些鸟会用喙造成损坏汽车的事情。 Neighbors often disagree over what to do with the peacocks. 邻居常常不同意如何处理孔雀。 About two years ago, people who live in the Miami neighborhood of Coconut Grove asked city leaders to remove a large group of peacocks. The birds caused damage and left piles of waste in the streets. They called the birds “filthy and dirty.” 大约两年前，居住在椰子格罗夫（Coconut Grove）迈阿密附近的人们要求城市领导人去除一大批孔雀。 鸟儿造成了损坏，街头剩下的废物。 他们称这些鸟为“肮脏和肮脏”。 But others liked seeing the unusual birds and thought it made their neighborhood look different, in a good way. 但是其他人喜欢看到不寻常的鸟类，并认为它使他们的邻居看起来不错。Danielle Cohen Higgins represents the Palmetto Bay area. She said her neighbors do not want to see the birds harmed. They see the birds as part of the community. “We learn to live with these peacocks,” she said. Danielle Cohen Higgins代表Palmetto湾地区。 她说，她的邻居不想看到鸟受到伤害。 他们将鸟类视为社区的一部分。 她说：“我们学会与这些孔雀一起生活。” Peacocks are not native to South Florida. They originally come from Sri Lanka and other parts of Asia as well as Africa. They can be seen in zoos and places that display foreign animals. 孔雀不是南佛罗里达州的本地。 它们最初来自斯里兰卡和亚洲其他地区以及非洲。 可以在展示外国动物的动物园和地方看到它们。 The birds have been protected from killing or capturing in South Florida for about 20 years. The rule was put in place because people in the area wanted to save a group of peacocks. 这些鸟类受到保护，免受南佛罗里达州的杀戮或捕获约20年。 该规则之所以适当，是因为该地区的人们想节省一群孔雀。 But now the birds live freely in parts of Florida and they are not uncommon. It is hard to find zoos that want them while state laws prevent non-native species like peacocks from being released in the wild. 但是现在鸟类自由地生活在佛罗里达州的部分地区，它们并不少见。 很难找到想要它们的动物园，而州法律则可以防止诸如孔雀之类的非本地物种在野外释放。 Kathy Labrada works with Miami-Dade Animal Services. She said she has not yet found a zoo that wants to take the peacocks. If no zoo will accept the birds, Labrada added, they might have to be killed in a process known as euthanasia.凯西·拉布拉达（Kathy Labrada）与迈阿密戴德动物服务公司（Miami-Dade Animal Services）合作。 她说，她还没有找到想要服用孔雀的动物园。 拉布拉达补充说，如果没有动物园会接受鸟类，则可能必须在一个被称为安乐死的过程中杀死它们。The Miami Herald newspaper reported that Regalado first wanted to remove the protection for the birds completely, but other local leaders resisted. Oliver Gilbert, another local leader, asked, “Are we talking about sentencing peacocks to death now?” 《迈阿密先驱报》报道说，雷加拉多首先想完全消除对鸟类的保护，但其他当地领导人抵制。 另一位当地领导人奥利弗·吉尔伯特（Oliver Gilbert）问道：“我们现在在谈论判决孔雀现在死亡吗？” In a close vote, the local leaders finally agreed to let cities come up with a plan to deal with the birds. Regalado said the problem now will be to decide where to put the peacocks. 在仔细投票中，当地领导人最终同意让城市提出与鸟类打交道的计划。 雷加拉多说，现在的问题将是决定在哪里放孔雀。 “This really is not about killing,” she said. “This is about moving.” 她说：“这实际上不是要杀人。” “这是关于移动的。”

Graham Wallington is the co-founder of WildEarth. He said the project allowed followers to gain a sense of responsibility in the protection of the animals they love. The project also offers a possible new, dependable, and environmentally friendly way to provide income for conservation around the world.格雷厄姆·沃灵顿（Graham Wallington）是Wildearth的联合创始人。 他说，该项目允许追随者在保护自己喜欢的动物方面获得责任感。 该项目还提供了一种新的，可靠和环保的方式，以提供全球保护收入的收入。He said, "If we don't create the necessary economic incentives to conserve wildlife, it won't happen.” Current conservation income comes mainly from hunting and people visiting the protected areas. He said these current ways harmed animals, their habitats, or were largely undependable during the pandemic.他说：“如果我们不产生必要的经济激励措施来保护野生动植物，那将不会发生。” 当前的保护收入主要来自狩猎和参观保护区的人们。 他说，这些当前的方式伤害了动物，它们的栖息地，或者在大流行期间基本上是不可依赖的。He said, "We're going to have to find a solution which allows people at home to conserve nature in the wild."他说：“我们将不得不找到一种解决方案，使人们可以在家中保护大自然。”Jurie Moolman is the owner of the Djuma Game Reserve. He said even visitors to the reserve can be harmful if a protected area has too many visitors. Djuma has closed its hotels.Jurie Moolman是Djuma Game Reserve的所有者。 他说，如果受保护区有太多游客，即使是储备金的游客也可能有害。 Djuma关闭了酒店。He said that the reserve is trying to reduce its harmful effects to the earth. He added that organizations like WildEarth and the NFT program allow them to continue to share Djuma with people everywhere, while also keeping the habitat safe from harm.他说，该保护区正试图减少其对地球的有害影响。 他补充说，像Wildearth和NFT计划这样的组织使他们能够继续与各地的人们共享Djuma，同时还可以使栖息地免受伤害。The NFTs will however need to be continuously resold for them to become a dependable source of income for the reserves. Each time an NFT is resold, a percentage of that sale will go to the reserve. It is unknown if there will be a demand for this.但是，NFT将需要连续转售，以使其成为储备金的可靠收入来源。 每次转售NFT时，该销售的百分比都将用于预备役。 未知是否有需求。Even with this, Wallington is looking to expand. He hopes to sign up reserves in the country’s south. The homes of flightless birds called penguins and Kenya’s large reserve called the Maasai Mara are both in the south.即使这样，沃灵顿仍在寻求扩展。 他希望在该国南部签署储备。 无飞行的鸟类的房屋称为企鹅和肯尼亚的大型保护区，称为Maasai Mara，都在南部。He said, "We've got a plan to scale this, in our roadmap, to all conservation areas around the world.”他说：“我们有一个计划在路线图中扩展到世界各地的所有保护区。”

WildEarth works to protect animals through broadcasts and other technology. It is now creating NFTs linked to 25 popular animals in the protected wildlife area the Djuma Game Reserve in South Africa. It is selling the NFTs to raise money for conservation.Wildearth致力于通过广播和其他技术保护动物。 现在，它正在创建与受保护的野生动植物区Djuma Game Reserve在南非的25种受欢迎动物相关的NFT。 它正在出售NFT来筹集资金进行保护。NFT stands for non-fungible token. It is based on a technology called blockchain, which is also used with digital currencies known as cryptocurrencies. It became largely popular last year.NFT代表不可杀死的令牌。 它基于一种称为区块链的技术，该技术也与称为加密货币的数字货币一起使用。 去年它在很大程度上变得很流行。An NFT can be attached to a piece of digital artwork or other things existing in digital form. The NFT can be used to provide proof that the pieces are real. While anyone can view the work, the buyer has official ownership rights over the pieces.NFT可以连接到数字艺术品或数字形式存在的其他事物上。 NFT可用于提供证明这些碎片是真实的。 虽然任何人都可以查看工作，但买方拥有对这些作品的官方所有权。The most popular NFT for the Djuma Game Reserve comes from Tlalamba. Tlalamba is a four-year-old leopard, a kind of large cat. She is a leading cat for her territory, which means she is called a queen. And she has had two babies, called cubs.Djuma Game Reserve最受欢迎的NFT来自Tlalamba。 特拉兰巴（Tlalamba）是一只四岁的豹子，是一种大猫。 她是领土的主要猫，这意味着她被称为女王。 她有两个婴儿，叫幼崽。Buyers of the NFTs will get special access to images, videos and information about animals like Tlalamba on an app. They can talk to other NFT owners on that app. Buyers will also get voting rights for the names of Tlalamba’s cubs and the ability to buy the cubs future NFTs first.NFTS的买家将特别访问有关应用程序中Tlalamba等动物的图像，视频和信息。 他们可以在该应用程序上与其他NFT所有者交谈。 买家还将获得Tlalamba幼崽名称的投票权，以及首先购买Cubs Future NFT的能力。Forty percent of the earnings go to taking care of the animals’ habitat, or where the animals live. Some $16,000 has been raised for the Djuma Game Reserve from the sale of 1,000 NFTs. Each NFT costs around $200.收入的40％用于照顾动物的栖息地或动物居住的地方。 从1,000名NFT出售的Djuma Game Reserve筹集了约16,000美元。 每个NFT的成本约为200美元。

Jumoke Olowookere’s latest works are made from used vehicle tires painted in red, yellow and green. The creations join a collection of used plastic, cloth, wine corks, corn husks and other materials in what is called “Waste Museum” in Nigeria. Jumoke Olowookere的最新作品由用红色，黄色和绿色涂上的二手车轮胎制成。 这些作品在尼日利亚的“废物博物馆”中加入了二手塑料，布，葡萄酒软木塞，玉米壳和其他材料的集合。 Olowookere said the museum is the first of its kind in Africa. She is part of a growing number of Nigerians who are using waste material to make art and clothing. Their work calls attention to the damaging effects of waste on the environment. 奥洛克雷说，博物馆是非洲第一个同类博物馆。 她是越来越多的尼日利亚人的一部分，他们正在使用废物制作艺术品和服装。 他们的工作引起人们对废物对环境的破坏性影响的关注。 At the recent opening ceremony for the museum in Ibadan city, she said, “With the Waste Museum, we are showcasing the value of waste.” 在最近在伊巴丹市博物馆开幕式上，她说：“在废物博物馆中，我们正在展示废物的价值。” “We want people to see how waste can be turned into wealth. Our ultimate goal is to ensure that no waste goes into the landfill –– a zero-waste future is possible,” she added. 她补充说：“我们希望人们看到浪费如何变成财富。我们的最终目标是确保没有浪费进入垃圾填埋场 - 零浪费的未来是可能的。”Olowookere said she had the idea for a museum when she saw the amount of waste that came from her home. She started collecting the waste while reading up on how to reduce and recycle waste. Recycling is a process to make something new from something that has been used before. 奥洛克雷（Olowookere）说，当她看到家中的大量废物时，她有一个博物馆的想法。 她开始收集废物，同时阅读如何减少和回收浪费。 回收是一个从以前使用的东西中制作新事物的过程。 With support from the United States African Development Foundation, the Waste Museum was born.在美国非洲发展基金会的支持下，废物博物馆诞生了。 Olowookere said she collected waste material from people’s homes for her works. And she also makes equipment for play areas for children at school, called playgrounds. Work from other artists is also shown at the museum. It includes furniture and housing material made from old car tires and jewelry produced from bottle tops. Olowookere说，她为自己的作品收集了人们家中的废物材料。 她还为学校的儿童游乐区制造了设备，称为游乐场。 博物馆还展示了其他艺术家的作品。 它包括由旧车轮胎制成的家具和住房材料，以及用瓶顶生产的珠宝。The “Waste Museum” also provides environmental education and helps women and youth from underserved communities with upcycling skills. Upcycling reuses waste material to create a new product. “废物博物馆”还提供了环境教育，并帮助来自服务不足社区的妇女和青年具有升级技能。 升级垃圾材料以创建新产品。Nigeria is Africa’s biggest oil producer. Additionally, it has more than 200 million people. Plastic waste, like leftover bags, and food and drink containers, are commonly thrown into the streets and other public areas. Throwing waste into public areas and the environment is called littering. 尼日利亚是非洲最大的石油生产商。 此外，它拥有超过2亿人。 塑料废物，例如剩余的袋子，食物和饮料容器，通常被扔到街道和其他公共区域。 将浪费扔到公共区域，环境被称为乱扔垃圾。A lot of waste in Nigeria ends up in the waterways that lead into the Gulf of Guinea, an area in the Atlantic Ocean. That has led to concerns about the amount of plastic entering the sea. 尼日利亚的许多废物最终进入了通向大西洋地区几内亚湾的水道。 这引起了人们对进入大海的塑料量的担忧。 Olowookere told Reuters, "We have a long way to go to get to that sustainable world without waste. We need to get up and take responsibility for our waste. Stop littering the world with your waste.” 奥洛克雷（Olowookere）告诉路透社：“我们还有很长的路要走，而无需浪费。我们需要起床并为浪费承担责任。停止用浪费垃圾世界。”

Chinese lawmakers recently entered a fierce online debate on whether fireworks should be used to celebrate the Lunar New year this February. They said a total ban on fireworks in the country credited with inventing the noisemakers would be hard to enforce. 中国立法者最近就是否应使用烟花来庆祝今年2月的农历新年。 他们说，对该国的烟花汇演的全面禁令将很难发明噪声制造商。 Lawmakers said air pollution prevention and fire safety laws have led to "differences in understanding" of the ban on fireworks. However, it was never a total ban. 议员们说，预防空气污染和消防法已导致“理解”对禁令的理解差异。 但是，这绝不是完全禁令。 In 2017, official data showed 444 cities had banned fireworks. Since then, some of the cities have loosened the bans. They permit fireworks at certain times of the year and at special places. 2017年，官方数据显示，有444个城市禁止了烟火。 从那以后，一些城市松开了禁令。 它们在一年中的某些时间和特殊地方允许烟火。 This month, however, many counties made announcements banning fireworks, restarting discussion on the ban. 但是，本月，许多县发布了禁止烟火的宣布，重新启动了有关禁令的讨论。 "We've the right to fireworks," wrote a user of Weibo, a popular Chinese online discussion service. “我们有权烟火，”一家流行的中国在线讨论服务微博的用户写道。Chinese folklore says the earliest fireworks were invented 2,000 years ago to drive away the "nian.” The nian, the story goes, was a monster that hunted people and animals before the Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival. 中国民间传说说，最早的烟花是在2000年前发明的，以驱逐“尼安”。 故事讲的是，尼安（Nian）是一个怪物，在农历新年或春季节之前猎杀了人和动物。 Since then, fireworks came to be used to celebrate other events. This January, after three years of COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, some people ignored bans - and officials - and set off firecrackers. 从那时起，烟花开始被用来庆祝其他活动。 今年1月，在取消了三年的Covid -19限制之后，有些人忽略了禁令和官员，并引发了鞭炮。Some Chinese say the fireworks bans were necessary to protect the environment. 一些中国人说，烟火禁令是保护环境的必要条件。An online opinion study by the official Beijing Youth Daily found that over 80 percent of people supported fireworks during Spring Festival. The festival is the most important holiday on the Chinese calendar. 北京青年日报的一项在线意见研究发现，超过80％的人在春季音乐节上支持烟花。 节日是中国日历上最重要的假期。 Some also said the ban was ironic after the United Nations recently named the Spring Festival an official holiday, a move supported by Chinese officials.一些人还说，该禁令是讽刺的，在联合国最近将春节命名为正式假期之后，这一举动是由中国官员支持的。"The Spring Festival belongs to the world, but China's is almost gone," wrote another Weibo user. 另一位微博用户写道：“春节属于世界，但中国几乎消失了。”Southern Hunan province is a worldwide supplier of fireworks. Its exports totaled $579 million from January to November, state media reported. That number is far greater than domestic sales. 匈奴省南部是全球烟火供应商。 据州媒体报道，从1月到11月，其出口总额为5.79亿美元。 这个数字远大于国内销售。

Dong Tao chicken has been a food of choice for generations in Vietnam for the Lunar New Year, or Tet. 东陶鸡一直是越南几代人的首选食物，享受农历新年或TET。 The rare bird is known for its strangely large feet. It is also known as a “dragon chicken.” The chicken gets its name from the village of Dong Tao, about 30 kilometers southeast of Hanoi. 这只稀有的鸟以其奇怪的大脚而闻名。 它也被称为“龙鸡”。 这只鸡的名字来自河内东南约30公里的东陶村。 Dong Tao chickens are believed to bring good luck and wealth to their owners. At one point, they were only bred to serve meat for the royal families and officials. 据信，东陶鸡会给所有者带来好运和财富。 在某一时刻，他们只是繁殖为王室和官员提供肉类。 Today, demand for Dong Tao chicken in Vietnam has risen sharply. That demand comes from a growing number of wealthy people in one of Asia's fastest-growing economies. 如今，越南对东陶鸡的需求急剧上升。 这种需求来自亚洲一个增长最快的经济体中越来越多的富人。 Le Trong Dung is a chicken farmer in the village of Dong Tao. He told Reuters that a fully-grown Dong Tao chicken at one year old sells for $200 and sometimes as much as $400. Le Trong Dung是Dong Tao村的养鸡者。 他告诉路透社，一只完全生长的dong tao鸡在一岁时以200美元的价格卖出，有时多达400美元。The demand for Dong Tao chicken is also fueled by its rich taste. 对东陶鸡的需求也被其丰富的味道所增强。 Loc Duc Toan is a 25-year-old cook in Hanoi. Toan said a Dong Tao chicken has its best taste at the age of 13 to 15 months. "When steamed, the skin will be crispy with a fragrant aroma of its own and a sweeter meat compared to other normal chicken," Toan said. Loc Duc Toan是河内的25岁厨师。 托恩说，在13至15个月的时间里，一只东陶鸡的口味最佳。 托安说：“蒸时，皮肤会酥脆，与其他普通鸡肉相比，芬芳的香气和肉更甜美。” Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung is a chicken farmer, She said the most valuable parts of Dong Tao chickens are its legs. 她说，Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung是一名农民，她说，Dong Tao鸡最有价值的部分是它的腿。 Their large legs make it difficult for them to hatch from their eggs. Sometimes, they can accidentally break their eggs. 他们的大腿使他们很难从卵子上孵化。 有时，他们会意外打破鸡蛋。 It takes about a year to raise a Dong Tao chicken, compared to three months for other kinds. 饲养dong tao鸡大约需要一年的时间，而其他类型则需要三个月。 The chickens are now also raised beyond the village of Dong Tao. That means more people may have the chance to buy a Dong Tao chicken. But Phan Van Hieu, a Dong Tao agriculture official, said chickens raised in the village and fed with its native rice and corn have the best taste. 现在，这些鸡也被饲养在东陶村之外。 这意味着更多的人可能有机会购买Dong Tao鸡。 但是，宗陶农业官员潘·范·海（Phan van Hieu）说，鸡在村里饲养，喂给本地米饭和玉米的鸡肉味道最佳。 "Production hasn't met domestic demand yet," Hieu added. "I'm sure you won't find any Dong Tao chicken in any KFC restaurants in [the] foreseeable future." Hieu补充说：“产量尚未满足国内需求。” “我敢肯定，在可预见的未来，您在任何肯德基餐馆都不会找到任何dong Tao鸡肉。”

Leonora Buenviaje has been making women’s clothes out of waste materials, usually dresses. She says wearing clothes made from waste materials can be both economical and look good. Leonora Buenviaje一直在用废物（通常是衣服）制作女士的衣服。 她说，穿着用废料制成的衣服既经济又看起来不错。 Buenviaje is 51-years-old and from Cainta in the Philippines, about 15 kilometers east of the capital Manilla. Buenviaje今年51岁，来自菲律宾的Cainta，在首都马尼拉以东约15公里处。 To make her dresses, she uses a foot-operated sewing machine to join together the waste materials. These include recycled newspapers, plastic wrapping and rice sacks. 为了制作她的衣服，她使用脚踏式缝纫机将废料结合在一起。 这些包括回收报纸，塑料包装和米袋。 Recycling is when something new is made from something that has been used before. 回收是在以前使用的东西制成的新事物时。 The process Buenviaje uses to join the materials together is called sewing. Sewing combines two pieces of cloth or is used to repair cloth. She creates new and beautiful clothes women can wear. They are sometimes completed with a piece called a headdress that goes on top of the head. Buenviaje用来将材料结合在一起的过程称为缝纫。 缝纫结合两块布或用于修理布。 她创造了女性可以穿的新衣服。 他们有时会用一个名为“头饰”的作品完成。 "The bubble wraps from delivery packages are nice looking and make for a good design, especially the black and white wraps," she said. Bubble wrap is a plastic product that is used to protect goods that are being delivered. She said white bubble wraps were good for making wedding dresses. 她说：“送货包装的气泡包装看起来很漂亮，并且可以设计出良好的设计，尤其是黑白包装。” 气泡包装是一种塑料产品，用于保护正在交付的商品。 她说，白色泡泡包装非常适合制作婚纱。 The dresses sell for between $30 to $50. They are used for everything from coming-of-age parties for a woman’s 18th birthday, called debuts, to weddings. 这些礼服的售价在30至50美元之间。 它们用于从妇女的18岁生日的年龄段聚会到婚礼的所有事物。 In Asia, there is plenty of waste material for Buenviaje to work with: about 80 percent of the world ocean plastic is estimated to come from Asian rivers. A 2021 report by Oxford University’s online publication, Our World in Data, found that the Philippines is responsible for one third of Asia’s ocean plastic pollution. 在亚洲，Buenviaje可以使用大量废物：据估计，大约80％的世界海洋塑料来自亚洲河流。 牛津大学在线出版物《我们的数据世界》的一份报告发现，菲律宾造成了亚洲海洋塑料污染的三分之一。 "It's important to recycle or utilize used materials so we can help our earth," said Lalaine Alcalde, who buys clothes from Buenviaje. 从Buenviaje购买衣服的Lalaine Alcalde说：“回收或使用二手材料，以便我们可以帮助地球，这一点很重要。”Buenviaje said the recycled materials used for each dress depend on what her buyers are looking for. Buenviaje说，每件衣服使用的可回收材料取决于买家的需求。 She said her dresses are used in beauty competitions and are popular with young girls. 她说，她的礼服用于美容比赛，并受到年轻女孩的欢迎。 "I get delighted whenever they win, the designs are simple but they still win," she said. 她说：“每当他们获胜时，我都会感到高兴，这些设计很简单，但它们仍然赢了。”Buenviaje hopes in-person clothing shows called fashion shows and competitions that were stopped during the pandemic will begin again soon. Buenviaje希望在大流行期间停止的时装秀和比赛中的面对面的服装节目将很快开始。 She also aims to organize fashion shows herself to show and help others find ideas to create clothing out of recycled materials. 她还旨在组织时装秀，以展示并帮助其他人找到用回收材料创造服装的想法。