Proton Pump Inhibitors – Test Prep And Practice Pearls

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but understanding how they work is essential for using them safely and effectively. In this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, we’ll break down the pharmacology of PPIs, including their mechanism of action, common brand and generic names, clinical uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, and important monitoring considerations. Whether you’re a pharmacist, nurse, pharmacy technician, or student, this episode will help reinforce the key concepts you need to confidently apply PPI pharmacology in clinical practice. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

On this podcast episode, I cover commonly used medications for opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone are all potential options in OUD. I’ll discuss the pharmacology of each medication and the most common practice pearls that will show up in practice and on your board exams. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Naltrexone is often a first-line medication for AUD. It works as an opioid receptor antagonist, reducing the rewarding effects of alcohol and decreasing cravings. Patients frequently report that alcohol becomes less pleasurable while taking the medication. Oral naltrexone is typically dosed at 50 mg daily, while a long-acting injectable formulation is also available. Avoid use in patients taking opioids and use caution in significant liver dysfunction. Acamprosate helps maintain abstinence by modulating glutamate and GABA neurotransmission. Chronic alcohol use disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the brain, and acamprosate helps restore equilibrium. It is primarily eliminated renally, making it a useful option in patients with liver disease. The most common adverse effect is diarrhea. Disulfiram works through a completely different mechanism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing acetaldehyde accumulation when alcohol is consumed. This can lead to flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and hypotension. Because of this aversive reaction, patient motivation and adherence are critical for success. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

In this episode, we explore monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), one of the oldest yet most effective classes of antidepressants. We discuss how MAOIs such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, and selegiline work by increasing serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in the brain. The episode reviews their unique role in treatment-resistant and atypical depression, key adverse effects, important dietary considerations involving tyramine-containing foods, and potentially serious drug interactions. We also highlight practical clinical pearls to help pharmacists and healthcare professionals safely and effectively use these powerful but often underutilized medications. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

I cover the most important insomnia medications. We cover adverse effects, drug monitoring, and much more. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

In this episode, we explore four unique antidepressants that do not fit neatly into the traditional SSRI or SNRI categories: trazodone, nefazodone, vilazodone, and vortioxetine. Trazodone and nefazodone are classified as serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs), working primarily through blockade of 5-HT2 receptors while also inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Trazodone’s strong antihistamine and alpha-1 blocking properties make it highly sedating and commonly used off-label for insomnia, whereas nefazodone causes less sedation but is rarely prescribed today because of its association with severe and potentially fatal liver toxicity. Both agents are notable for producing less sexual dysfunction than many traditional SSRIs. We also discuss two newer multimodal antidepressants: vilazodone (Viibryd) and vortioxetine (Trintellix). Vilazodone combines serotonin reuptake inhibition with partial agonism at the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism often compared to combining an SSRI with buspirone. Vortioxetine has an even more complex pharmacology, acting as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor while modulating multiple serotonin receptor subtypes through agonist, partial agonist, and antagonist actions. This multimodal activity may contribute to benefits in cognitive symptoms associated with major depressive disorder. Throughout the episode, we compare receptor pharmacology, clinical applications, adverse effect profiles, and the unique characteristics that distinguish these medications from more commonly prescribed antidepressants. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

In this section, I educate about the most common ICU sedation medications. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressants that increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Common agents include venlafaxine (Effexor XR), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), levomilnacipran (Fetzima), and milnacipran (Savella). In addition to treating depression and anxiety disorders, several SNRIs have important pain indications, making them especially useful in patients with neuropathy, fibromyalgia, or chronic musculoskeletal pain. Common adverse effects include nausea, sweating, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure. Clinicians should also remember the significant discontinuation risk associated with shorter half-life agents like venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, remains one of the most important infectious diseases in modern healthcare, but advances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed it from a fatal diagnosis into a manageable chronic condition for many patients. In this episode, we’ll break down the major medication classes used to treat HIV, discuss how these drugs work, review key adverse effects and drug interactions, and highlight practical nursing considerations that impact patient safety and adherence. Whether you work in acute care, outpatient practice, long-term care, or public health, understanding HIV pharmacology is essential to providing compassionate, evidence-based care for patients living with HIV and AIDS. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

Mirtazapine is a unique antidepressant often chosen when depression occurs alongside insomnia or poor appetite. Its antihistamine activity makes it sedating, particularly at lower doses, and it commonly increases appetite and weight. Unlike many SSRIs, mirtazapine has a lower risk of sexual dysfunction and gastrointestinal side effects because it blocks 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. It is frequently dosed at bedtime and can be especially useful in older adults or medically ill patients who need both mood improvement and help with sleep or weight gain. Bupropion is an activating antidepressant that works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine activity rather than serotonin. It is often preferred in patients with fatigue, low motivation, hypersomnia, or concerns about sexual dysfunction and weight gain. Bupropion is also approved for smoking cessation. Common adverse effects include insomnia, anxiety, dry mouth, and headache. A major clinical pearl is its dose-related seizure risk, making it contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders or eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101