भारत, एक भाषा संगम। How have Indian languages evolved? ft. Karthik Venkatesh

इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर और एक सफरनामा जिसमें सौरभ देते हैं अपने बोस्टन सफर का ब्यौरा। क्या इकोसिस्टम है बोस्टन में जिससे वहाँ रोबोटिक्स से लेकर बायोटेक्नोलॉजी जैसे क्षेत्र में अप्रतिम संशोधन निकल कर आते हैं? क्या चीन में भी ऐसी इकोसिस्टम बनाना संभव है? जुड़िये इस पुलियाबाज़ी पर। अगर आपकी कोई टिप्पणियाँ हो तो ज़रूर भेजें।  अगर आप पुलियाबाज़ी पर अपने विचार या लेख साझा करना चाहें तो हमें ज़रूर लिखें। This week, Saurabh shares his notes from his travels to Boston. He talks about the innovations he saw in robotics and biotechnology, and shares his views on what sustains the innovation ecosystem in the US. What should India do if it wants to foster such an innovation in India? How does the innovation ecosystem in China fare in comparison to the US and the European Union? This and more on this Safarnama: We discuss:* The Mecca of Robotics * The Boston Ecosystem * Government interventions* Agglomeration in research * Driving cutting-edge innovation* Can China overtake the US in innovation?  Readings:Research Paper: Rethinking innovation policy in India: amplifying spillovers through contracting-out by R. A. Mashelkar, Ajay Shah, Susan ThomasYoutube: BigDog Evolution by Boston Dynamics सफ़रनामा Playlist:सफ़रनामा: अमरीका से थाईलैंड से केन्या तक। Travelogue from US, Thailand, Kenyaअमरीकी मैन्युफैक्चरिंग जगत का सफ़रनामा। US Travelogue - Trade Exhibitions, Saving Art, and Unisex Toiletsभारतीय शहरों के लिए एक मॉडेल शहर। Singapore SafarnaamaIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

भारत में आर्थिक विश्लेषण अक्सर राज्य-केंद्रित होता है। हालाँकि, राज्यों के भीतर भी काफ़ी आर्थिक भिन्नताएँ हैं। भारत को क्षेत्रीय विविधता के नज़रिए से देखना शायद ज़्यादा सटीक होगा- 85 क्षेत्रों का देश, जिनमें से प्रत्येक की अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था, भौगोलिक पहचान, संसाधन और कुशलता हैं। इस नज़रिए से भारत कैसा दिखता है? क्षेत्रीय स्तर पर विश्लेषण से हम भारत के बारे में क्या सीख सकते हैं? इस विषय पर विस्तार से  चर्चा के लिए पुलिया पर जुड़ती है अर्थशात्री और लेखिका डॉ. पूर्णिमा डोरे।Economic analysis in India is often state-centric. However, there is quite some economic divergence even within states. It’s probably more accurate to look at India through the lens of its regional diversity-a country of 85 regions, each with their own economy, geographic identity, resources and skill sets. What can we learn about India when we adopt this lens? To discuss this, we talk to Dr. Poornima Dore, an economist and author of ‘Regional Economic Diversity’. We discuss:* Why focus on regional diversity?* Are regions political entities too?* Understanding the agglomeration effect* Who comes first? Industry or people?* A lack of regional political consciousness?* Planning at regional level* Specialisation or Diversification?* Enabling conditions and organic growthReadings:Regional Economic Diversity: Lessons from an Emergent India by Poornima Dore and K. NarayananListen to related Puliyabaazi:भारत का भविष्य हमारे शहर तय करेंगे। Managing India’s Cities ft. Devashish Dhar, Authorआंतरिक सुरक्षा: हालचाल ठीक-ठाक है? Internal Security in India ft. Devesh Kapur & Amit AhujaIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @PoornimaDore Twitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

ये अंक २०१९ लोक सभा चुनाव के पहले प्रकाशित किया गया थाइलोन मस्क के EVM से जुड़े ट्वीट ने इस मशीन को एक बार फिर अख़बारों के प्रथम पृष्ठ पर ले आया है | तो पुलियाबाज़ी में हमने इस प्रश्न से हटकर मतदान प्रक्रिया को समझने का प्रयास किया | इस पुलियाबाज़ी में हमारे गेस्ट है श्री अलोक शुक्ला जो २००९ और २०१४ के बीच भारत के डिप्टी इलेक्शन कमिश्नर रह चुके हैं | उनकी किताब Electronic Voting Machines: The True Story इवीएम पर लग रही आलोचनाओं का मुँहतोड़ जवाब देती है | इस पुलियाबाज़ी में हमने उनके सामने यह सवाल रखे:* संसद चुनाव के लिए प्रक्रिया कब और कैसे शुरू होती है ?* चुनाव आयोग एक स्वतन्त्र संवैधानिक संस्था है - इस संरचना का ECI अफसरों पर आपके मुताबिक क्या फ़र्क पड़ता है? क्या सब पार्टियाँ चुनाव आयोग के पास चुगली करने आती रहती है?* EVM के आने से पहले क्या तकलीफें होती थी चुनाव करवाने में ?* EVM का आईडिया कब पहले आया? क्या क्या विरोध रहे है EVM के ख़िलाफ़?* EVM और राजनैतिक दलों का रिश्ता कैसा रहा है?* EVM की छवि सुधारने के लिए ECI को क्या करना चाहिए?In the 1971 General Elections, it was alleged that ballot papers were tampered with vanishing and reappearing ink such that the vote stamp miraculously disappeared from another candidate and reappeared against the Congress candidate instead. This is not different from today when political parties blame the Electronic Voting Machine for their losses. Elon Musk's recent tweet is another instantiation of this debate.So, in this episode, we investigate the Indian electoral process and the EVM itself. To help us understand this better, we are joined by Dr Alok Shukla, who served as Deputy Election Commissioner between 2009 and 2014. Dr Shukla has served as an international observer for elections in several countries and has been decorated with the Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Administration in 2010. His latest book, Electronic Voting Machines: The True Story, is an authoritative account of electronic voting machines.(This is a retelecast of an episode we recorded in 2019 before the Lok Sabha elections that year)सुनिए और बताइये कैसा लगा यह एपिसोड आपको।If you have any comments or questions, please write to us at [email protected] Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/ This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

'कोस कोस पर बदले पानी, चार कोस पर वाणी, जो नहीं बदलती वो है हिंदुस्तानी।’ तो आइये करते है आज हिंदुस्तानी भाषाओं पर एक पुलियाबाज़ी। जिसमे बातें पाकिस्तान में बोली जाती एक द्रविड़ भाषा ब्राहुई से लेकर पूर्वोत्तर के बाजार की भाषा नगामीस तक। एक दूसरे के जैसी पर एक दुसरे से अलग, ऐसी भारतीय भाषाओं की कहानी संपादक और लेखक कार्तिक वेंकटेश के साथ।  This week, an evergreen Puliyabaazi on the diversity of Indian languages. Why do languages evolve the way they do? How did the many different languages and dialects of India evolve? What role did the British play in reviving some of these languages? Do languages die? What gets lost when we lose a language? Find some interesting answers to these fascinating questions in this conversation with editor and author, Karthik Venkatesh. We discuss:* How do languages evolve* Brahui-Clues to the language of Indus Valley Civilization* Oldest Indian Languages* How the British contributed to Indian languages* Linguistic survey of India* The late arrival of printing in India* The interesting dynamics of Hindi and Urdu* Link languages* Do languages die?Readings:10 Indian Languages and How They Came to BeListen to related Puliyabaazi:भारतीय भाषाओँ में हमारे अतीत के सुराग़. Clues to our past in Indian languages.हिंदी-उर्दू : इतिहास और राजनीतिकरण. Hindi Urdu Unity.एक देश, कईं भाषाएँ, एक लिपि। Many Languages, One ScriptIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @karthik_venkTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

नीतियां बनाते वक़्त, ये समझना ज़रूरी होता है कि लोग कैसे सोचते हैं और कैसे अपना व्यवहार तय करते हैं, तभी कामयाब और फायदेमंद नीतियां बन पाएंगी। लेकिन, क्या नीति बनाने वाले ये मान लें कि लोग अक्सर अतार्किक फैसले लेते हैं या ये कि लोग ज़्यादातर विवेकशील होते हैं? आखिर, ऐसी मान्यताओं के आधार पर कैसी नीतियां बनेंगी? आइये, करते हैं आज इसी पर चर्चा। In the realm of policymaking, understanding human behavior is crucial for crafting effective and impactful solutions. However, a central debate revolves around whether policymakers should assume humans are inherently rational or irrational beings. What kind of policies will such assumptions lead to? We argue against the assumption of human irrationality and examine its implications for policy formulation. We discuss:* Making decisions for others* Assuming irrationality* Humans are reasonable* Is buying lottery irrational* A lottery to increase voting percentage* Empathy vs CompassionReadings:A Framework A Week: How to Deter Reasonable People from Engaging in Undesirable Behaviour? | Pranay KotasthaneBehavioral science should start by assuming people are reasonableListen to related Puliyabaazi:अर्थतंत्र को क्यों समझें ? Economics for Everybody ft. Ashish Kulkarniसोचे तो सोचे कैसे. Behavioral EconomicsIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

क्या आपको पता है कि विश्व युद्ध और भारत के बंटवारे के बाद भी दशकीय जनगणना समय पर की गयी थी, जब की हालिया दशकीय जनगणना करने में देरी हो चुकी है। इससे शासन प्रणाली पर काफ़ी असर पड़ेगा क्योंकि हर एक जिल्ले में कितनी सरकारी सुविधा प्रदान की जाये ये जनगणना के हिसाब से निश्चित किया जाता है। जनगणना और जनसंरचना याने कि डेमोग्राफी एक दिलचस्प विषय है जिसको गहराई से समझाने के लिए हमारे साथ पुलियाबाज़ी पर जुड़े प्रोफ़ेसर शिवकुमार जोलद। सुनिए इस पुलियाबाज़ी को और समझिये भारत की बदलती जनसंरचना के बारे में।  Did you know that even after World War II and the partition of India, the decennial census was conducted on time? The recent decennial census has been delayed and it is a matter of concern  because this will have an impact on all levels of governance. This week on Puliyabaazi, Professor Shivkumar Jolad joins us to discuss the fascinating discipline of Demography. This is a Puliyabaazi with many TIL moments. Do listen in. We discuss:* The discipline of demography* Why is the census important?* History of census in India* Impact of caste census* How is India’s demography changing * Counting languages and state formationReadings: Articles by Shivakumar Jolad* India's Linguistic Diversity: How the Census obscures it * Pedagogical Problem of the Census* Demography in service of other social sciences * Perils of a Centralized State* Listen to related Puliyabaazi:जातीय जनगणना होनी चाहिए या नहीं? Pros and Cons of a Caste Censusभारत की जनसंख्या: विस्फोट या वरदान? Is India overpopulated?If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @shivakjoladTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

अक्सर हमारे नेता भारतीय शहरों को सिंगापुर जैसा बनाने का सपना रखते है। क्या है जो हमारे शहर सिंगापुर से सीख सकते हैं?  इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर सुनिए सिंगापुर यात्रा से प्रणय के अवलोकन। इस सफ़रनामा में बात खुले व्यापार से लेकर स्ट्रीट लाइट्स तक। सुनियेगा ज़रूर। Singapore is often seen as a model for development for Indian cities. This week, Pranay shares his observations from his recent visit to the city-state of Singapore. We discuss:* Should we make our cities as union territory?* 100 Singapores in India* Can Indian cities learn from Singapore?* Kids travelling alone* Churn in city centre* Administrative outlook* Import dependence and free trade* Energy intense economy* Smart DiplomacyPranay’s travelogue:https://publicpolicy.substack.com/i/144748014/global-policy-watch-a-singapore-summerListen to related Puliyabaazi:सफ़रनामा: अमरीका से थाईलैंड से केन्या तक। Travelogue from US, Thailand, Kenyaअमरीकी मैन्युफैक्चरिंग जगत का सफ़रनामा। US Travelogue - Trade Exhibitions, Saving Art, and Unisex ToiletsIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

क्या आपने कभी सोचा है कि एक न्यायपूर्ण समाज कैसा दिखता है? आज हम न्यायपूर्ण समाज की दो परिकल्पना को समझेंगे, जॉन रॉल्स और रोबर्ट नोज़िक के दृष्टिकोण से। जॉन रॉल्स करते हैं समानता की पैरवी, जब के नोज़िक रखते हैं स्वतंत्रता का पक्ष। इस पुलियाबाज़ी में हम दोनों पक्षों के तर्क को समझने की कोशिश करेंगे।  क्या इसमें कोई समाधान की आशा है? वो तो आप ही सुनिए, सोचिये और बताइये। In this episode of Puliyabaazi, we delve into the philosophical debate between John Rawls and Robert Nozick on what makes a just society. What is more important? equality or liberty?John Rawls proposes the "veil of ignorance" thought experiment, where individuals choose principles of justice for a society while not knowing their own social status. Robert Nozick, on the other hand, prioritizes individual liberty. His book Anarchy, State, and Utopia argues for minimal government intervention, emphasizing the right to keep what one has justly acquired. The Debate Heats UpThis episode is an exploration of these two differing points of view. We unpack their core arguments, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and delve into some real-world implications of their ideas.We discuss:* Is philosophy useful in crafting policy?* Rawls’ Theory of Justice* Greatest Equal Liberty Principle* Maximin Principle* Do we really believe in equality?* Nozick’s answer to Rawls* A patterned distribution will not workReadings:A Theory of Justice by John RawlsAnarchy, State and Utopia by Robert NozickListen to related Puliyabaazi:गांधी टैगोर की पुलियाबाज़ी. The Gandhi Tagore Debatesएक सवाल, कई जवाब: क्या सम्पत्ति कर आर्थिक असमानता से निजात दिला सकता है? Can wealth tax solve economic inequality?If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

भारत में भवन निर्माण कोड तो कई है, पर क्या वे सभी तर्कसंगत और व्यावहारिक है? समय के साथ जड़ हो गए बिल्डिंग कोड से भारतीय कंपनियों का कितना नुकसान हो रहा है? क्या है इसके दीर्घकालिक परिणाम? आज इस विषय को गहराई से समझेंगे भुवना आनंद और सरगुन कौर के साथ जिन्होंने स्टेट ऑफ़ रेगुलेशन रिपोर्ट में भारतीय फैक्ट्रियों के बिल्डिंग कोड का गहराई से अध्ययन किया है।  This week on Puliyabaazi, we discuss the State of Regulation Report on building standards with Bhuvana Anand and Sargun Kaur. Their report assesses building codes for factories across various states and finds that building codes in India are significantly more restrictive than other developing countries. Many codes are obsolete and archaic. What is the cost of such overly restrictive codes on firms in India?We discuss:* What are Building Regulations?* Regulations vs Safety* Historical context* Alternatives* Lessons from data and reality* Floor Area Ratio* Impact of excessive regulation* Regulations across sectorsReading recommendations by Sargun and Bhuvana:* State of Regulation Report by Bhuvana Anand, Sargun Kaur and Shubho Roy* How building laws lock India's factory land * Some academic references:* Building regulations are a barrier to affordable housing in Indian cities: the case of Ahmedabad by Bimal Patel, Sweta Byahut, Brijesh Bhatha* Measuring welfare gains from relaxation of land-use restrictions: The case of India’s building-height limits by Jan K. Brueckner and Kala Seetharam Sridhar* Land markets, government interventions and housing affordability by Alain Bertaud* Emergence of sub-optimal land utilization patterns in Indian cities by Sweta Byahut, Bimal Patel and Jignesh Mehta* Link to Prosperiti's substack to read more about state-level regulations in IndiaListen to related Puliyabaazi:श्रम कानून में सुधार कैसे लाया जाए? Reforming India’s Labour Laws ft. Bhuvana Anandभारत का भविष्य हमारे शहर तय करेंगे। Managing India’s Cities ft. Devashish Dhar, AuthorIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

हम सभी जानते है कि भारत की राज्य क्षमता यानी की state capacity सीमित है। इसका असर आम भारतीयों के जीवन पर भी होता है। प्राथमिक शिक्षा का उदाहरण लें तो यदि हम यथास्थिति बनाए रखते हैं, तो 2047 तक, हमारे पास अन्य 20 करोड़ बच्चे होंगे जो बुनियादी साक्षरता के बिना प्राथमिक शिक्षा पूरी करेंगे। लेकिन बड़ा सवाल यह है कि राज्य की क्षमता कैसे बढ़ाई जाए? सरकारी नौकरशाही के ब्लैक बॉक्स को कैसे सुधारा जाए? इन्हीं कुछ अहम सवालों के जवाबों की खोज प्रोफेसर कार्तिक मुरलीधरन की नयी किताब में। माफ़ कीजियेगा, ये किताब नहीं, ग्रंथ है। आज की पुलिया पर उसकी झांकी लीजिये, वो भी प्रोफ़ेसर साहब की सहज हिंदी में। हमें तो कई उत्तर मिलें। आप भी सुनिए, और कुछ सवाल हो तो हमें ज़रूर भेजिए। The Indian state takes up mighty goals, but fails to fulfil them due to its limited state capacity. This has disastrous consequences on the lives of ordinary Indians. Take the example of primary education—if we maintain the status quo, by 2047, we will have another 20 crore children that will finish primary school without basic literacy. But the big question is how to increase state capacity? How to tweak the black box of government bureaucracy to make it work better? In this puliyabaazi, we look for some answers from Prof. Karthik Muralidharan’s new book that combines scholarly research and practical insights to provide actionable, evidence-based strategies for better governance. Readings:Accelerating India’s Development by Karthik Muralidharan acceleratingindiasdevelopment.inListen to related Puliyabaazi:आर्थिक सुधारों की कहानी मोंटेक सिंह अहलूवालिया की ज़ुबानी। Backstage with Montek Singh Ahluwaliaबेलगाम संस्थाएं, जनता का नुकसान। Caged Tiger ft. Subhashish BhadraIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @karthik_econTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in