EP 66: Secure only the OT code that actually runs

Many organizations spend valuable security resources fixing vulnerabilities in code that never actually runs—an inefficient and often unnecessary effort. Jeff Williams, CTO and founder at Contrast Security, says that 62% of open source libraries included in software are never even loaded into memory, let alone executed. This means only 38% of libraries are typically active and worth prioritizing. 

Critical Infrastructure software lacks the strict liability standards found in industries like automotive manufacturing, leading to minimal accountability for insecure products when they get exploited.  Alex Santos, CEO of Fortress Information Security, explains how they’re typically hired by buyers of ICS equipment—such as utilities—to assess and mitigate supply chain risks, including working with OEMs to improve security.

While cybersecurity threats targeting critical infrastructure, particularly focusing on the vulnerabilities of operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS).mostly originate on the business or IT side, there’s increasing concern about attacks crossing into OT, which could result in catastrophic consequences, especially in centralized systems like utilities. Michael Welch,  managing director from MorganFranklin Cyber, discusses how Volt Typhoon and other attacks are living off the land, and lying in wait.

This is a story about a Chief Hacking Officer who draws on his expertise in physical and virtual security assessments—along with some intuitive AI-driven coding—to safeguard Operational Technology. Colin Murphy of Frenos and Mitnick Security talks about how some of his early assessment work with Kevin Mitnick is helping him with OT security today.

ROI is always a tricky subject in cybersecurity. If you’re paying millions of dollars in securing your OT networks, you’d want to be able to show that it was worth it. Andrew Hural of UnderDefense talks about the need for continuous vigilance, risk management, and proactive defense, acknowledging both the human and technological elements in cybersecurity and how just because something didn’t happen doesn’t mean that it didn’t.

Zero Trust is a security model based on default-deny policies and fine-grained access control governed by identity, authentication, and contextual signals. For RSAC 2025, John Kindervag, Chief Evangelist of Illumio and the creator of Zero Trust, talks about introducing a "protect surface" into legacy OT systems —isolating critical data, applications, assets, or services into secure zones for targeted Zero Trust implementation.

Solar power systems are rapidly becoming essential elements of power grids throughout the world, especially in the US and EU. However, cybersecurity for these systems is often an afterthought, creating a growing risk to grid stability and availability. Daniel de Santos, Head of Research at Forescout, talks about his recent research into vulnerabilities associated with solar panel investors, how they might affect the power grid or the end-user, and what we can do about it.

Gone are the days when you could repair your own car. Even ICE cars have more electronics than ever before. Alexander Pick is an independent hardware hacker specializing in automotive systems. He says if you start off small, like looking at ECUs, there’s a lot of great research yet to be done by both hobbyists and professionals alike.

It’s becoming easier for criminals to use counterfeit or altered chips in common office products, such as printer toner cartridges, with the aim of espionage or simple financial gain. Tony Moor, Senior Director Of Silicon Lab Services For IOActive, explains how the hacking embedded silicon within common objects in our day to day lives is becoming more common, and what the consequences of this lack of security might mean.

Embedded devices need basic security measures like multi-factor authentication and unique credentials to reduce vulnerabilities and protect against cyber threats. Mauritz Botha, co-founder and CTO of XiO Inc., explains that cloud-based SCADA can update old systems and provide the visibility that’s currently missing.