Justin Centanni – Lafayette Parish Tax Assessor

Lafayette Parish Tax Assessor Justin Centanni joins Discover Lafayette to explain the duties of his office, how property values are determined, and what property owners need to know about the upcoming 15-day assessment review period. Justin is Lafayette Parish’s 26th Tax Assessor, but his professional path to the office was anything but traditional. With a background in technology and data management, he previously worked in Washington, D.C., for the Department of Defense, helping develop software behind the military’s smart identification cards. He later worked at IberiaBank, where he managed a team responsible for backend data integration, including platforms used to detect fraud and illicit banking activity in real time. Before becoming assessor, Justin served nine years as the District 6 representative on the Lafayette Parish School Board. Justin says public service was never something he envisioned for himself. He moved to Lafayette at 18 to attend USL and ultimately found that serving the community gave him an unexpected sense of purpose. “What I learned about myself and public service is that I do take a tremendous amount of personal satisfaction from helping solve problems, helping make decisions. I care a tremendous amount about Lafayette.” What Does the Tax Assessor Actually Do? One of the biggest misconceptions about the assessor’s office is that it collects property taxes. It does not. The assessor’s responsibility is to identify and value all property in Lafayette Parish. That seemingly simple mission involves an enormous amount of information. The office begins each year with the previous year’s tax roll and continually updates it with information from municipalities, the Clerk of Court and other sources. Building permits reveal new construction and renovations. Conveyance records identify properties that have been sold or transferred. Appraisers visit properties where construction has been completed and determine when values need to be updated. And Lafayette gives them plenty to keep up with. Justin says approximately 15,000 properties transfer each year, including residential and commercial property, and more than 1,000 new buildings were constructed in the parish during the past year. Lafayette Parish currently has an approximately $3.3 billion assessed-value tax roll, representing a little more than $30 billion in market value. As Justin put it, those numbers tell an encouraging story about Lafayette’s economy. He jokingly offered one particularly visible example: “We’re building an $80 million gas station at Louisiana Avenue,” referring, of course, to Buc-ee’s. How Your Property Value Is Determined For homeowners who have not substantially changed their property, assessments generally move according to what comparable homes in the neighborhood are selling for. The assessor’s office examines neighborhood sales and establishes a price per square foot. Larger homes will therefore have a higher value than smaller homes, but comparable properties within the neighborhood are valued using a consistent methodology. Parishwide reassessments occur every four years. The last reassessment was in 2024, and the next will take place in 2028. Of course, Justin understands the eternal property owner’s dilemma: everybody wants a high appraisal when they are selling or refinancing their home and a low valuation when the property tax bill arrives. “Don’t we all,” he laughed. “I’m no different.” August 17 Through 31, 2026: Assessment Review Period An important focus of our conversation was Lafayette Parish’s 2026 Assessment Review Period, August 17 through August 31. Property owners whose assessments increased by 15 percent or more should have received notice from the assessor’s office. But the review period is also an important opportunity for anyone who believes the assessor’s office has incorrect information about their property. Justin explained that the most common type of error might be something as straightforward as incorrect square footage. If the assessor’s records show a 6,000-square-foot home when the home is actually 4,000 square feet, that error can significantly affect the tax bill. “If we have the square footage of your house incorrect…you should come in and you should tell us,” Justin said. The assessor’s office can measure the property, correct its records and adjust the valuation accordingly. This first step is important. A taxpayer who wants to challenge an assessment must first meet with the assessor’s office. The taxpayer and assessor attempt to reach agreement on the property’s proper assessed value. Evidence matters, and simply disagreeing with the valuation does not guarantee that it will be changed. If an agreement cannot be reached, the taxpayer can proceed to the next level of appeal before the Lafayette Parish Council, sitting as the Board of Review. But to preserve that right, Justin explained that the taxpayer must first have an in-person meeting with the assessor’s office during the review period. Appointments can be made through the Lafayette Parish Assessor’s website, https://lafayetteassessor.com/, and taxpayers can request the appropriate specialist depending upon whether their issue involves an appraisal, personal property, a property transfer or another matter. They may be contacted by phone at (337) 291-7080. Senior Freezes, Veterans and Homestead Exemptions The assessor’s office interacts frequently with senior citizens, veterans, real estate professionals and families dealing with inherited property. Justin explained that qualifying homeowners over age 65 may obtain a special assessment level, commonly called the “senior freeze.” For 2026, he said the income threshold is less than $102,000 in adjusted gross income. An important distinction: the senior freeze freezes the property’s assessed value, not the amount of taxes owed. Millage rates can still affect the ultimate tax bill. Justin also explained that once a taxpayer qualifies, the income qualification does not have to be revalidated annually. Veterans may also qualify for special property tax exemptions, and the office regularly assists families after the death of a property owner. Justin shared that the office monitors obituaries and other data sources so ownership and homestead exemption records can be kept current. He also spoke candidly about the sensitivity required when contacting families shortly after a death. “We’re trying to interpret the law in the most compassionate way possible,” he said, while acknowledging that the office still has a legal duty to maintain accurate records. A Warning for Estate Planning Attorneys: Trusts and Homestead Exemptions Our conversation also ventured into an issue especially important for Louisiana attorneys and their clients: transferring a primary residence into a trust. Justin explained that a trust must be structured properly if the homeowner intends to retain the homestead exemption. Losing that exemption can have a cascading effect because special assessment levels, including a senior freeze, depend upon the existence of the homestead exemption. If a longtime homeowner inadvertently loses both the homestead exemption and senior freeze, the consequences can be substantial. Justin gave the example of a home whose value had been frozen since the 1990s suddenly having to be reassessed at its 2026 value. His office would much rather catch the problem before that happens. “We try to catch them and say, ‘Go back and redo this so that we don’t have to do this to your client, because I don’t think that’s what the client was looking to do.’” Justin encourages attorneys who have questions about how estate planning transactions may affect property tax exemptions to contact the assessor’s office. The Mystery of Properties Nobody Can Find One of the most fascinating parts of our conversation involved something Justin never expected to encounter as assessor: properties on the tax roll that his office cannot definitively locate. Some parcels date back more than a century, when property descriptions might reference a road, a neighboring landowner or hand-drawn boundaries rather than today’s precise legal descriptions. Justin described one document dating to 1905 that identified surrounding tracts essentially by references to other family members’ property, with no modern landmarks to pinpoint its location. Nevertheless, the property made it onto the tax roll, and someone continued paying the taxes for generations. “I never in a million years thought there would be property we didn’t know where it was,” Justin said. The problem becomes especially complicated when property has passed through generations without a succession and may now have a multitude of co-owners. Some rural timberland parcels generate only a tiny annual tax bill, so one family member may simply continue paying it year after year. Bringing the Assessor’s Office to the Public Justin is also looking for ways to make his office more accessible. The assessor’s office is located at 213 West Vermilion Street in downtown Lafayette, in the former Capital One/Hub City Bank building. But Justin heard repeatedly from residents outside the city that driving downtown, finding parking and visiting the office could be inconvenient. That led to the creation of Parish Pop-Ups, where assessor’s office employees spend time in municipalities around Lafayette Parish helping residents with assessments, senior freezes and other property matters. One woman arrived at a recent pop-up before the staff had even officially begun for the day. She had been putting off applying for her senior freeze for years simply because she didn’t want to make the trip downtown. She arrived with her paperwork ready and was able to take care of it. For Justin, that is exactly the point. “We are really just trying to figure out ways that we can better serve the public and make it easier for them to interact with our office.” Where Do Your Property Taxes Actually Go? We also discussed something every property owner wonders about when that tax bill arrives: Where does the money go? Individual millages are levied for particular taxing bodies and, in many cases, dedicated to specific purposes. School Board millages support schools. Other millages support entities and services such as law enforcement, the health unit, mosquito control, the airport, libraries and municipal services. The assessor determines the taxable value, but the assessor does not decide the tax rate or determine how those tax dollars are spent. Those decisions belong to the respective governmental and taxing authorities. The assessor’s website publishes annual “grand recaps,” reports required by the Louisiana Tax Commission that allow the public to see how much revenue is generated by the various millages throughout Lafayette Parish and its municipalities. To access the 2025 Annual Report, visit https://content.lafayetteassessor.com/uploads/LPAO_Annual_Report_2025_FINAL_181c88bc34.pdf Even Parish Lines Can Be Complicated Justin shared one final surprise that came with the job: disputes over exactly where Lafayette Parish ends and a neighboring parish begins. Some parish boundaries were historically defined by bayous and waterways, and those waterways may have shifted since the boundaries were established nearly two centuries ago. “My constitutional duty is to assess all property in my parish,” Justin explained. That means the assessor sometimes has to determine whether a particular piece of land actually sits in Lafayette Parish, even when another parish assessor may reach a different conclusion. As Justin joked about relying on modern technology to solve an old Louisiana boundary dispute, “Siri has an opinion, just like everybody else. Unfortunately, there’s only 64 opinions that actually matter in this situation.” When Justin isn’t immersed in property values, data and parish boundaries, he is a voracious reader who enjoys spy novels and estimates he reads 30 to 35 books each year. His mornings typically begin with coffee, number puzzles and crossword puzzles, and when fall arrives, plenty of football enters the mix. Our thanks to Lafayette Parish Tax Assessor Justin Centanni for joining Discover Lafayette and giving us an inside look at an office that touches virtually every property owner in our parish.

Jessica Moroux, owner of Acadiana Hyperbarics in Lafayette, joins Discover Lafayette to discuss mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the personal experiences that led her to the field, and her belief in giving the body the conditions it needs to heal and function at its best. A Lafayette native, Jessica earned her nursing degree from UL-Lafayette and began her career at Lafayette General, working on several different floors as she searched for the area of nursing that felt like the right fit. Her professional path eventually moved beyond traditional hospital care and into Rolfing, movement therapy, and integrative wellness. Jessica credits some of that outlook to her mother, whom she describes as an early adopter of ideas that today would fall under the umbrella of integrative wellness. Long before probiotics became commonplace, Jessica remembers her mother sprinkling acidophilus on the family’s breakfast and taking an unconventional but thoughtful approach to health. As a nurse, Jessica valued traditional medicine and its importance, but found herself increasingly drawn to prevention and helping people maintain their health before they reached the point of hospitalization. “I really wanted to get more into preventative and optimization of health,” Jessica says. “I really wanted to help people stay out of the hospital and feel their best.” Today, Jessica brings together those different disciplines at Acadiana Hyperbarics. A registered nurse and Certified Rolfer, she has an extensive background helping clients address musculoskeletal and sports injuries and chronic pain. A Back Injury, a Child’s Concussion, and a New Direction Jessica’s interest in hyperbarics was not initially driven by a business plan. It became personal. In 2019, at age 38, she reached for her youngest daughter at an awkward angle and felt a pop and excruciating pain in her back. Imaging revealed a torn disc and two bulging discs. She saw an orthopedist, underwent physical therapy and worked to rehabilitate the injury, but eventually reached a plateau. “I went back to my doctor and said, there’s got to be more.” About a year later, the question of what else might be available became even more urgent when Jessica’s four-year-old son suffered a serious concussion. Running on a neighbor’s all-purpose court, he forgot a tennis net was up, ran into it and was knocked unconscious. Jessica says he experienced short-term amnesia, headaches, irritability and problems with impulse control after the injury. One moment in particular changed the trajectory of her work. “He came in and he had big fat tears rolling down his face and said, ‘Mom, I don’t want to have anger issues.’” Jessica remembers thinking, “Okay, we’re gonna fix this.” She began researching brain recovery and became interested in hyperbaric therapy. That research eventually grew into a professional focus, particularly around traumatic brain injuries and concussions. Her son, now 12 at the time of our interview, is doing well. “He is doing phenomenally. He’s the most charming, intelligent kiddo.” And because, as Jessica laughingly puts it, he remains “wild, all out,” hyperbarics has remained part of the family’s approach to recovery from his various sports injuries, including breaking his ankle twice in one year. What Is Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy? For people familiar with hospital-based hyperbaric chambers, particularly their longtime use for decompression sickness and certain serious wounds, the chamber at Acadiana Hyperbarics looks different. Jessica uses a Vitaeris 320 soft-sided monoplace chamber. According to the clinic, the chamber operates at 1.3 ATA and is 32 inches in diameter and 92 inches long. Acadiana Hyperbarics offers filtered room air as well as an oxygen concentrator option. Jessica describes the experience as similar to the pressure changes you feel on an airplane. During pressurization and depressurization, clients may notice their ears popping or experience sinus pressure. Once the chamber reaches pressure, she says most people largely stop noticing it. Sessions at Acadiana Hyperbarics are offered in 60- and 90-minute increments. Jessica says she screens clients before treatment, asks about their health history and discusses whether the therapy is an appropriate fit for what they hope to accomplish. While people often think hyperbarics is simply about getting a large amount of oxygen, Jessica says pressure is central to the process. Under increased pressure, more oxygen can dissolve into blood plasma, providing an additional route for oxygen delivery beyond oxygen carried by red blood cells. She describes hyperbarics as having several “mechanisms of action,” including angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, as well as effects involving inflammation, collagen, stem cells, mitochondrial function and cellular signaling. For Jessica, the distinction between supporting healing and promising a cure is important. “We are just sending signals and changing some of the physics within the body to let the body do what it does best and to remove some of the barriers.” “Hyperbarics is a fantastic therapy for helping the brains heal and major NFL athletes and teams are now turning to it to help with CTE and concussions.” Why Repetition Matters Jessica explains that some of the effects people experience may be relatively immediate, while tissue repair and other biological processes take time. That is why, depending upon a client’s circumstances, hyperbaric therapy may involve a series of sessions rather than a single visit. She also emphasizes the period after a session. Her explanation is that repeated transitions between the higher-oxygen environment associated with treatment and normal atmospheric conditions can stimulate biological responses involved in repair. “If you have multiple exposures, then your body says, okay, this is a real deal. We’re going to spend that energy and turn on all those processes.” Jessica’s own back injury helped her think about hyperbarics through what she calls “reverse engineering.” She wanted to understand why disc injuries can become chronic and then ask what processes might support healing. Her personal experience with that injury ultimately helped move hyperbarics from something that was “somewhat on my radar” into the focus of a new business. The “Mighty Mitochondria” Our conversation also gets down to the cellular level as Jessica explains mitochondria, the structures within cells responsible for producing ATP, the energy cells use to perform their work. She calls them the “mighty mitochondria.” “For any function within the body, you have to pay for it, right? You have to have a currency. For a car to drive, you’ve got to have fuel. Same thing with your cells.” That cellular energy is one reason oxygen is so important. Jessica also points to exercise as a way to support mitochondrial function and discusses red and infrared light therapy, another modality offered at Acadiana Hyperbarics. The clinic uses red and infrared light pads that can be placed around targeted areas of the body. Jessica says she likes the flexibility of pads because they can conform around an injured shoulder, back or other area rather than requiring the client to lie on a rigid light bed. Acadiana Hyperbarics describes its low-level light therapy as a complementary modality that can be used alongside hyperbaric sessions. The Vagus Nerve, Stress, and the Need to Recover One of the most relatable parts of our conversation concerns something many of us experience every day: living in a near-constant state of stimulation. Jessica explains the role of the vagus nerve and the balance between the sympathetic “fight or flight” response and the parasympathetic “rest and digest” state. “When you’re in fight or flight mode, you’re not repairing well,” Jessica says. “Most of us are running around constantly stimulated, answering emails, in traffic, fussing at your kid.” The problem, she says, is that we may never adequately switch into recovery mode. “You can’t heal if you’re not getting into that mode of recovery.” Supporting the vagus nerve doesn’t necessarily require sophisticated technology. Jessica points to simple practices including humming and breathwork as ways people can encourage the body to shift toward a calmer state. Training and Knowing What You’re Getting Jessica completed training through the International Hyperbarics Association and is a member of the organization. She says she attends its conference and continuing education programs each year. That training is particularly important to her as hyperbarics and other wellness therapies become more popular. “As the wellness industry is growing and booming and this therapy is catching on, there’s a lot of providers who are wanting to throw it in as an afterthought.” Jessica describes the therapy as generally safe when appropriately used, but stresses that providers need to understand screening, protocols and how to apply the therapy appropriately for an individual client. “More than causing further damage, you could just not apply the therapy correctly and the patient may not get what they’re looking for when paying for the treatment.” Acadiana Hyperbarics’ own guidance also stresses client screening and identifies medical circumstances that require particular attention.. Anyone considering hyperbaric therapy for a medical condition should discuss it with an appropriate healthcare professional. From Hospital Medicine to Wellness Hyperbaric medicine has long been associated with conditions such as decompression sickness, the “bends” experienced by divers who surface too quickly, as well as certain serious wounds and other medical conditions. Those original hospital chambers looked much different from today’s soft-sided mild hyperbaric chamber utililzed at Jessica’s practice. Our conversation explores the difference between those hospital applications and the wellness-oriented, largely off-label uses Jessica works with today. She is careful to characterize hyperbarics as an adjunct rather than a replacement for appropriate medical treatment. She also acknowledges that timing matters and that not every condition or individual is a good candidate. “For some people, if the injury is too far gone, it may not be a good fit.” That is why her process begins with a conversation rather than simply putting someone into a chamber. Life Beyond the Chamber When she isn’t working, Jessica’s life revolves around her family, music and travel. She and her husband are both musicians and enjoy Lafayette’s local music scene. Jessica has played violin since childhood, thanks to a mother who essentially told her quitting wasn’t an option. “My mom started me when I was little and she kind of was like, ‘You’re not quitting, so get used to it.’” She performed in orchestra during college and played events, although these days, between running a business and raising three children, performances are more likely to happen at home. “Right now with the business and the kiddos, it’s mostly in the living room with the family.” Jessica’s journey from nursing to Rolfing and ultimately Acadiana Hyperbarics has been driven by curiosity, personal experience and a desire to help people think about wellness before something is seriously wrong. Her message is not simply about addressing an injury. It is about recovery, maintaining function and giving the body the support it needs while you are still feeling well. Acadiana Hyperbarics is located at 708 E. University Avenue in Lafayette. Learn more about Jessica, mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Rolfing and the other services she offers at https://acadianahyperbarics.com/.

Sylvia Turner, affectionately known to generations of Lafayette families as “Ms. T,” joins Discover Lafayette to reflect upon a remarkable life of teaching, music, faith, and service to others. For more than five decades, beginning in 1972, Sylvia taught children and adults to swim in the backyard pool of her Lafayette home. But anyone fortunate enough to have taken lessons from Ms. T knows she taught much more than swimming. She taught safety. She taught respect. She taught children to encourage one another, to follow rules, to appreciate their parents, and perhaps most importantly, to believe they could do things that initially frightened them. “One of my greatest compliments was when people would say, ‘You don’t just teach swimming, do you?’” Sylvia recalls. “I said, ‘No, I don’t. I teach everything I can while I can.’” Two Lives: Ms. T and Sylvia the Singer Many Lafayette residents knew Sylvia exclusively as Ms. T, the swim teacher who could spend long summer days in the pool working with one class after another. Others knew an entirely different Sylvia Turner, a classically trained singer whose musical life was intertwined with that of her late husband, John Turner. Sylvia grew up in Fort Worth, Texas, and came to Lafayette with John, who taught voice at UL for 34 years. Sylvia later received an opera scholarship, and the couple performed opera together as well as singing at university commencement ceremonies. She also became a fixture at the Order of Troubadours ball, serving as the opening soloist for “Make Believe” for 40 years. The separation between her two worlds occasionally created funny moments. Sylvia remembers singing at a commencement ceremony when a family approached her afterward, looking puzzled. “Ms. T, is that you? Did you sing?” “Yes,” she answered. “In the singing world, a lot of people didn’t know that I taught swimming,” Sylvia says. “And then in the swimming world, a lot of people didn’t know that I sang.” Sylvia Turner is an active member of Chorale Acadienne. She is pictured fourth from left in the photo. A Fear of Water Leads to a Lifetime in the Pool It is fitting that Sylvia ultimately devoted so much of her life to teaching people to be comfortable in the water, because she did not learn to swim herself until she was 11 years old. Her mother, Lucille, had nearly drowned at age 18. The experience was so traumatic that Sylvia grew up repeatedly hearing, “Don’t go near the water.” Eventually, her mother enrolled her in Red Cross swimming lessons at a park pool. Sylvia loved the water immediately. At the end of the lessons, the instructor announced a swim meet. Sylvia entered, won a red ribbon for second place, and, as she puts it, “I was hooked.” Her mother began allowing her to spend time at the pool, where Sylvia became fascinated by a group of young men who were accomplished divers. She simply asked them if they would teach her. They did. Before long, Sylvia was diving from the three-meter board and later competed as a diver when she was 13 and 14 years old. Eventually, voice training began competing with diving for her attention, but her love of the water never disappeared. The Pool That Started It All Sylvia’s path to becoming one of Lafayette’s best-known swim instructors began with a frustrating afternoon at Riverside pool. Sylvia and her husband, John, were living in River’s Bend with their three children when, on a beautiful sunny day, the lifeguard announced everyone had to leave the pool because he needed to take a test and there was no one qualified to substitute for him. Sylvia was not pleased. “I went home and I said to my husband, ‘You know, if I had a lifesaving badge, I could have gotten up on the stand and we could have kept the pool open.’” John’s response was simple: go get it. Sylvia and a friend took a lifesaving class at Girard Park. At the conclusion of the course, the instructor assigned Sylvia two women from a mothers’ swimming program to teach. “My ladies did beautifully,” she remembers. “And so I was further hooked.” As Sylvia and John prepared to build their new home, she began thinking about adding a swimming pool. The price gave her pause, particularly when they realized it would effectively double their house payment. Sylvia had an answer. “Oh, John, if I paid for it, could we do it?” How would she pay for it? “I could teach.” And that is exactly what she did. Sylvia began teaching swimming lessons in 1972. Her first student was a young man she met through the grocery store who was preparing to get married. His future wife could swim, he could not, and he did not want to be the person sitting on the beach while everyone else enjoyed the water. Sylvia taught him to swim. Years later, he returned with his children. It was the beginning of generations of Lafayette families learning from Ms, T. Safety Came First Before any child entered Sylvia’s pool, there were rules. “Children like to know boundaries,” she says. Students first sat on the deck while Sylvia sat at their eye level and talked about safety. Then she walked them around the pool. Nothing was taken for granted. She showed them the skimmers. She explained the drain. She taught them what the various parts of the pool did and addressed fears children might be reluctant to express. That lesson came partly from the children themselves. One little boy looked across the pool at the dark opening of a skimmer and asked Sylvia, “Is that where you keep Jaws?” From that point forward, Sylvia opened the skimmers so the children could look inside. “I learned the children are great teachers,” she says. “I learned a lot from children.” Only after the rules and pool orientation were complete did everyone get into the water. Teaching Children to Respect One Another Ms. T in a photo taken by Jan Swift when she taught Kelly Swift, Jan’s daughter, to swim and dive….circa 2009. Sylvia’s lessons were intentionally positive. “I had the children applaud each other all the time,” she says. “We applauded for everything. We didn’t just applaud for excellence. We applauded for effort.” Criticism was not allowed unless it was constructive. Older swimmers were taught how to watch one another perform a stroke and offer feedback, beginning with something the swimmer had done well. Sylvia traces much of that philosophy to her mother, who was an exceptionally positive person, and to the instructor who taught Sylvia lifesaving at Girard Park. “She made you feel like you were the most special person in the world.” Sylvia wanted children in her pool to feel the same way. One experience still moves her. A little girl had missed the first day of lessons and joined the class on the second day. When it was her turn to get onto the diving board, she hesitated. Finally, she turned to Sylvia and asked, “Do they have to watch?” Before Sylvia could say anything, every child waiting nearby turned his or her back. “I can’t tell that story without getting emotional,” Sylvia says. The children understood that their classmate needed to try something difficult without an audience. “A lot of times we have to do things without people watching.” “Are You the Boss of This Pool?” Boundaries mattered because safety mattered. During one family swim, a visiting child began running around the pool and jumping too close to other swimmers. Sylvia called him over and explained that the pool had rules. The boy looked at her and asked, “Are you the boss of this pool?” “Yes, I am.” “Oh.” That was the end of the problem. “Children want to know who’s in charge,” Sylvia says. “And they want somebody to be in charge.” Those lessons stayed with her students long after class ended. One mother called Sylvia after taking her children to another pool. Her four-year-old son Nicholas noticed another little boy breaking pool safety rules and corrected him. The boy replied that his daddy owned the pool and he could do anything he wanted. He added that he took swimming lessons. Nicholas had an answer: “Well, obviously you don’t take from Ms. T because you don’t know the rules.” Relaxation and Rhythm For Sylvia, learning to swim rested on two fundamental principles. “The two most important things in swimming are relaxation and rhythm.” Relaxation came first. A tense body does not float well. Students learned to float before progressing incrementally through kicking, strokes, diving and more advanced skills. “You do it by stages,” Sylvia says. “And that’s how you learn anything really, by little increments.” The same principle applied to diving. Sylvia never forced a frightened child from the diving board. Students progressed from a knee dive close to the water, to a falling dive, then standing, springing, and eventually diving from the board. Her goal was not simply for a child to acquire a skill. The child needed confidence in that skill. “If you have a skill without confidence, it’s not really productive.” Teaching Adults and Overcoming Fear Although Ms, T is best remembered for teaching children, Sylvia loved teaching adults, particularly because, as she says, “They always have baggage.” Some carried a fear of water for decades. She taught men, women and couples, including two women who were 71 years old. But no adult student meant more to Sylvia than her own mother. Lucille’s near drowning at age 18 had shaped Sylvia’s childhood and her mother’s lifelong relationship with water. Then, on her 70th birthday, Lucille surprised Sylvia by announcing a goal for the coming year. “I’ve decided I’m going to learn to swim.” Sylvia was stunned. Her mother continued: “I’ve decided that if anybody can teach me, it’s you.” Sylvia responded, “Well, you’ll never have to give me another compliment in your whole life.” Lucille was unable to make the trip to Lafayette that year, but the following year she came and took lessons from her daughter. By the end of the week, she could swim across the pool without assistance. Sylvia later asked whether she had finally lost her fear. Her mother answered, “I don’t know, but I loved being in the water.” Sylvia thought that was enough. Of all the adults she taught, she describes teaching her mother as perhaps the most gratifying experience of all. Generations of Lafayette Families Sylvia never kept count of how many people she taught during her decades in the pool, particularly because so many students returned year after year and eventually brought another generation back with them. Her classes grew largely through word of mouth. Her youngest daughter attended Broadmoor Elementary, where Sylvia was heavily involved in the PTA. The principal, himself the father of seven children whom Sylvia eventually taught along with his wife, allowed her to distribute information about her lessons through the school. “And then word spread.” For younger children, particularly three and four year olds, Sylvia limited classes to six students and had another adult in the water with her. Older, accomplished swimmers could be taught in somewhat larger groups. Sylvia also encouraged parents to observe lessons so they understood what their children were learning and could reinforce those lessons away from the pool. The lessons often carried into everyday family life: respect your parents, appreciate what they do for you, respect other people, encourage others, follow the rules, and understand that safety is never something to take casually. The Teacher Who Never Taught School When asked how she defines herself after a lifetime encompassing swimming, opera, church music, family and community, Sylvia returns to teaching. “Every teacher I ever had told me that I was destined to be a teacher.” Yet she never became a traditional classroom teacher. “I taught Sunday school. I taught junior choir. I taught swimming. I’m an inveterate teacher.” She also remains a singer, grounded in the classical and religious music that has been part of her life since childhood. Sylvia grew up in the church. Her mother sang in the choir, her father was a deacon, and Sylvia herself began singing in choir at age 12. Faith remained a constant through the joyful times and the difficult ones. And that may help explain the extraordinary positivity so many people associate with Ms. T. Asked how she manages to remain positive, Sylvia acknowledges that it requires intention. “You have to work at it, I think, because it’s easy to be negative.” Even in the hardest times, she says, there is something to hold onto. “Even in those darkest days, you have to find something. And gratitude is part of it.” Sylvia looks back on her life with gratitude for the people, experiences and opportunities she has been given, while acknowledging that her life has included hardship like anyone else’s. “I’ve had some hard knocks, as everybody does during my life. I’m here to say that I overcame them.” Then she adds the foundation beneath it all: “With the help of my Lord.” For generations of Lafayette families, Ms. T will always be the woman who taught their children to swim. But her legacy reaches well beyond the pool. She taught children to be safe without being afraid, to respect rules and one another, to applaud effort rather than simply excellence, and to gain confidence one small step at a time. And she taught it all while making each child feel that, at that moment, they mattered.

Discover Lafayette welcomes Katie Ferguson, whose remarkable story is one of resilience, advocacy, and choosing purpose in the face of life’s most unexpected challenges. A Lafayette native, communications professional, and passionate community advocate, Katie has lived through two extraordinary journeys. First, she became the long term caregiver for an Army veteran whose life changed forever after a catastrophic spinal cord injury. Years later, while feeling completely healthy, a free heart screening uncovered a life threatening ascending aortic aneurysm caused by an undiagnosed congenital heart defect, leading to open heart surgery that ultimately saved her life. Katie approaches both experiences with remarkable clarity and compassion. As she explains, “Nothing happens without having purpose. When something happens to me, chances are it’s happening to someone else. And if I can shine a light on what they’re going through, if I’m able to help ease anyone’s journey, it’s worth it.” That philosophy has shaped her work as an Elizabeth Dole Foundation Fellow, where she advocates for military and veteran caregivers across the country, and as a spokesperson for heart health awareness through the American Heart Association’s Go Red for Women initiative. Katie’s caregiving journey began in 2010 under circumstances she never could have imagined. She and Army officer Barry were casually dating and, by her own admission, were “kind of looking like we were going to break up” as he prepared to retire from military service and move overseas to launch a business. The day after signing his retirement paperwork, Barry suffered a devastating spinal cord injury after slipping from a rope swing into a sandbank, shattering his cervical spine and becoming immediately quadriplegic. Katie recalls receiving a call from a mutual friend before joining his family in the intensive care unit, beginning what she describes as “many, many waits in ICU rooms and hospital rooms and not knowing.” Rather than walking away from an uncertain future, Katie leaned in. “I loved him,” she says simply. As Barry progressed through months of rehabilitation in New Orleans, Lafayette, and Atlanta, the two began dating in earnest while he was still hospitalized. They eventually married, allowing Katie to become his full time paid caregiver after leaving her successful public relations career. “I gave up my career because this was much more important. This was all encompassing.” Her description of caregiving offers a rare, honest glimpse into the invisible work performed by millions of family caregivers every day. “You are literally trying to plan two steps ahead,” she explains, describing everything from helping with showers and medications to waking every three or four hours throughout the night to reposition Barry and prevent pressure sores. While the physical demands were immense, Katie says the mental burden proved even greater. “You don’t think about it when you’re going through it. You’re trying to survive. This is the hand you’re dealt, and you don’t have a choice in the matter. You put your head down and you make it work.” One of the most compelling parts of Katie’s story is that caregiving did not end when her marriage did. Although she and Barry divorced after twelve years, she remains his primary caregiver outside of the hours covered by home health services. She still helps several times each week and is often the first call when emergencies arise at night or on weekends. As she explains, “Whenever his breathing changes, I know what that means. Whenever his eye movement starts moving around, I know what those eye movements mean. Why would I not help somebody if I have the tools to make someone’s life a little bit better?” Katie also shares invaluable advice for caregivers navigating military systems and government bureaucracy. Persistence, she says, is essential. After spending two and a half years successfully appealing a Department of Defense financial decision, she learned that “everything has steps and you just have to go through the steps.” Perhaps more importantly, “You have to know the right question to ask… nobody will just volunteer the information to you. But if you go in and you say, ‘I need this particular form,’ or ‘I need help with this thing,’ they open up doors.” Her work with the Elizabeth Dole Foundation has given Katie an even broader perspective on military caregiving. She notes that seventy five percent of caregivers are not spouses, reminding us that caregiving is defined not by legal status but by love, compassion, and responsibility. She also highlights the foundation’s Hidden Heroes initiative, which recognizes caregivers serving behind the scenes, and the Hidden Helpers program, which acknowledges children who quietly shoulder caregiving responsibilities within military families. Katie’s second life changing chapter began almost by accident. Feeling “100% healthy” and completely without symptoms, she attended a free cardiovascular screening during Women’s Health Month because heart disease ran in her family. A routine calcium score CT scan revealed no plaque buildup, but it did reveal something far more dangerous: an enlarged ascending aorta. “I felt fine. I went to the surgeon, to my open heart surgery, completely asymptomatic.” Initially, like many people would, Katie delayed following up. Three months later, additional imaging confirmed a life threatening ascending aortic aneurysm. Doctors monitored it for nearly a year before recommending surgery. During the operation in January 2023, surgeons discovered an undiagnosed congenital bicuspid aortic valve, a birth defect in which the heart valve has only two leaflets instead of three. They replaced it with a mechanical valve while repairing the aneurysm. Today, Katie says the gentle clicking of that valve, once unsettling, has become reassuring. “It’s more calming to me now… I kind of use it to lull me to sleep.” Throughout the conversation, Katie passionately advocates for preventive health care. She emphasizes that heart disease remains the leading killer of women, noting that one in three women will die from cardiovascular disease, compared with one in twelve from cancer. Her own experience illustrates why proactive screening matters. Had she ignored that free test, doctors estimated she likely would not have survived another five years. Looking back, she reflects, “Had I not been proactive, I’d be gone.” Katie also discusses how women’s heart attack symptoms often differ dramatically from men’s, frequently resembling flu symptoms, indigestion, jaw pain, reflux, or unexplained fatigue rather than the classic crushing chest pain. She praises the work of Go Red for Women, not only for raising awareness but also for funding research and local initiatives such as CPR education, blood pressure screening stations, and food security programs throughout Acadiana. Perhaps the most meaningful takeaway from this conversation is Katie’s conviction that advocacy begins with caring for yourself. Years spent advocating for someone else taught her to ask questions, seek second and third opinions, and never hesitate to pursue answers. “I’m no good if I’m not here,” she says. “I have to advocate for myself so I can be here physically present to help.” When asked what she would tell caregivers, Katie offers wisdom born from experience. Learn to ask for help. Accept support when it comes. And if someone you know is caregiving, do not wait for them to ask. Simple gestures, whether bringing a meal or rolling a neighbor’s trash cans to the curb, can lighten an overwhelming mental load. Katie Ferguson’s story reminds us that resilience is not simply surviving hardship. It is choosing, again and again, to use our experiences to lift others. Whether advocating for military caregivers, encouraging women to take charge of their heart health, or simply sharing practical advice with someone facing an uncertain diagnosis, Katie continues to transform personal adversity into hope for others.

Leadership isn’t about managing time. It’s about making better choices. That is the central message from Christina Olivier, co-founder and Managing Partner of Excelerant, whose thoughtful conversation on Discover Lafayette challenges many of the assumptions we make about work, productivity, and success. Christina co-founded Excelerant in 2003 with business partner Elise Bouchner after realizing that growing companies needed more than legal advice or technical expertise, they needed leaders who knew how to develop people. What began as The Training Source evolved into Excelerant, an award-winning, woman-owned leadership development and organizational consulting firm serving organizations throughout Louisiana and beyond through executive coaching, leadership development, succession planning, team building, and organizational effectiveness. Excelerant quickly grew to include partners Jennifer Adcock, Phyllis Arceneaux, and Jill Meaux. Our conversation moves well beyond business coaching. Christina offers practical wisdom for anyone feeling overwhelmed by competing priorities, struggling to say no, or wondering why there never seems to be enough time. One of the first ideas she reframes is the phrase “time management.” Referencing Stephen Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, Christina explains that she prefers the term “time effectiveness.” “We all have the same 24 hours in our day. It’s how we spend that time, and if we spend it as effectively as possible, that makes the difference.” Rather than trying to squeeze more activity into every hour, she encourages people to become intentional about where their energy is invested. “What I’ve noticed is that most people don’t stop to think about how they are spending their time,” she says. “You wonder why you’re tired, or you wonder why you’re burnt out, or you wonder why you’re not getting to those things that you want to do.” Throughout our discussion, Christina repeatedly returns to the importance of self-awareness. Before any planner, productivity system, or coaching exercise can help, people must honestly examine whether they’re spending time on what matters most—and whether those choices actually bring them joy. As an executive coach credentialed through the International Coaching Federation, Christina works with successful professionals who want to become even more effective. She explains that coaching isn’t about giving answers. “In coaching, we hold that our clients are whole and resourceful. We’re just helping them find their own answers.” That process begins by helping clients identify what success would actually look like six or twelve months into the future and then removing the obstacles standing in their way. Christina shares one of her favorite coaching analogies involving a small airplane that is too heavy to stay safely in the air. Every passenger must throw one “role” overboard to survive. Those roles might include committee chair, volunteer, employee, spouse, parent, or community leader. The exercise forces people to identify which commitments truly deserve their limited time and which have simply accumulated over the years. The lesson naturally leads to one of the most powerful themes of our conversation: learning to say no. Drawing again from Stephen Covey, Christina introduces the concept she and her team use regularly: “Integrity in the moment of choice.” “Every no you’re saying is because there’s a bigger yes inside.” That “yes” may be spending more time with children or grandchildren, caring for aging parents, protecting personal health, or simply creating space to think. The challenge is recognizing that every commitment carries an opportunity cost. Christina also speaks candidly about perfectionism, particularly among professional women. She questions the belief that “if it has to be done right, it has to be done by me.” Instead, she encourages leaders to lower unrealistic standards where appropriate, delegate more intentionally, and invest the time necessary to develop others. Her advice to leaders is straightforward: “You can’t be too busy doing the work to train and develop others.” Otherwise, organizations become dependent on one individual while employees never have the opportunity to grow. Another recurring theme is presence. In today’s distracted world, Christina believes one of the greatest gifts leaders can give employees, colleagues, friends, and family members is their complete attention. “Putting down the device when someone walks in… there’s also a great benefit and maybe a stillness that you receive by not multitasking.”She distinguishes between efficiency and effectiveness with a memorable observation: “With people, you can’t be efficient. You can only be effective.” That perspective extends into how organizations communicate across generations. Rather than criticizing younger employees for preferring text messages, Christina recommends “co-designing” communication expectations—meeting people where they are while establishing mutually beneficial ways of connecting. The discussion also explores practical ways to slow down in a fast-paced world. Although Christina once believed meditation wasn’t for her, she now incorporates grounding, centering, and intentional breathing into her daily routine. She emphasizes that meditation doesn’t have to be complicated. Sometimes it is simply placing both feet on the floor, taking several intentional breaths, and allowing yourself to become present before moving into the next activity. She also recommends what she calls a “transition pause”: Finish what you’re doing. Put down the device. Take three intentional breaths. Then arrive fully present for whatever comes next. That simple practice, she believes, helps leaders become more thoughtful, more connected, and ultimately more effective. Our conversation also explores succession planning, an increasingly important issue for Louisiana businesses. Christina describes Excelerant’s work helping family-owned companies, financial institutions, and publicly traded organizations identify future leaders through assessments, coaching, mentoring, and leadership development. Rather than assuming who should lead next, Excelerant helps organizations objectively evaluate strengths and prepare the next generation for success. Toward the close of our interview, Christina shares one final reminder that resonates long after the microphones are turned off. Sometimes the greatest productivity tool isn’t another app, another meeting, or another committee. It’s simply becoming aware. As Christina says, “The first step…is to be self-aware.” Whether you’re leading a Fortune 500 company, managing a small business, serving on nonprofit boards, or simply trying to create more balance in your own life, Christina Olivier offers practical insights that remind us success isn’t measured by how busy we are, but by how intentionally we choose to spend the time we’ve been given. To learn more about Christina Olivier and Excelerant, visit https://exexp.com/ or connect through their LinkedIn and Facebook pages. Discover Lafayette would like to thank Christina Olivier and Excelerant team members for all of their support throughout the years! You continually give back when requested!

For many of us, reading to a child feels like a cherished bedtime ritual. But what if the benefits begin long before birth? In this fascinating episode of Discover Lafayette, we visit with Dr. Joe Abraham, physician, research biologist, award-winning author, former president of the Lafayette Parish Library Foundation, and president of the Acadiana Educational Endowment, about the life-changing impact of reading with children beginning in the prenatal period. The Acadiana Educational Endowment, founded in 1989 to support public education across Acadiana, has invested more than $650,000 in educational initiatives over the years. Today, its primary focus is Reading With Kids, an initiative encouraging parents to read to children from pregnancy through the preschool years because, as Dr. Abraham believes, “children are the most precious thing in life.” Dr. Abraham’s passion for the project grew from decades practicing emergency medicine. After observing thousands of children, he began noticing a pattern. “I kept coming back to the ones who are cooperative. The ones who are inquisitive. The ones who are engaged, are read to.” He says he can often recognize these children before they can even speak. “I got to the point that I can spot a child at six months of age or earlier. The child is tracking. They’re listening.” “There’s this idea of fetal education. It’s well known in China and Korea. There’s recent research that if you read and talk to your child in the womb, particularly in the third trimester, they can show when they’re born that their brains are advanced. I will meet children who are just spooky smart at two, and they’ve been read to in the womb. Socioeconomic level is totally irrelevant.” That observation led him to explore decades of research connecting early language exposure with lifelong educational and social outcomes. Dr. Abraham explains that research indicates “60% of kids who are not prepared to read by the first grade will end up in jail or on welfare.” While many people have heard that reading proficiency by third grade predicts later success, Dr. Abraham argues that the foundation is laid much earlier, even before birth. He points to emerging research showing that babies exposed to language during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, demonstrate measurable neurological differences after birth. “They can show when they’re born that their brains are advanced.” One French study cited on the Reading With Kids website found that newborns whose mothers regularly read and spoke to them during pregnancy exhibited more advanced neural centers for language acquisition. Another ultrasound study observed babies moving their mouths in response to familiar spoken sounds spoken by the mother before birth. Yet Dr. Abraham repeatedly emphasizes that the science is only part of the story. “The child is not interested in the book. The child is interested in the warm body, the human that will protect them.” He believes reading creates a powerful emotional bond. “The bond between parent and child extends to the book.” This relationship, he explains, becomes what ultimately motivates children to learn. “Changing the world one child at a time“ Throughout our conversation, Dr. Abraham returns to one central theme: reading is about much more than literacy. When children are read to, they begin developing empathy, imagination, curiosity, and the ability to understand perspectives different from their own. “When you read, you slowly come to understand other people’s perspectives.” Reading, he says, becomes “the laboratory of the mind.” That perspective also shapes his concerns about modern society. “We live in a time in which people can’t talk anymore.” Dr. Abraham believes that reading helps people hold thoughtful conversations because it teaches them that disagreement does not necessarily mean someone is wrong; it often simply reflects a different perspective. Our conversation also explored what Dr. Abraham calls “book deserts.” In some communities, he says, there may be only one book available for every 300 children living there. To address that problem, Reading With Kids has collected more than 15,000 books that are distributed throughout Acadiana. Volunteers hand out books at community events, stock Little Libraries, and work with organizations including Kiwanis of Acadiana to place free books where families naturally gather, including laundromats, where children often spend hours waiting with parents. One story perfectly illustrates the demand. After bringing 800 children’s books to an Upper Lafayette event, volunteers didn’t even reach the first stoplight before every single book had been claimed. “The kids just grabbed the books.” The organization is also working with physicians and hospitals to make reading part of routine prenatal and pediatric care. Dr. Abraham hopes electronic medical records will soon prompt physicians and nurses to ask every expectant mother and every parent of a child under five a simple question: “Are you reading to your child?” If the answer is no, providers could immediately share research demonstrating that reading improves school readiness, lifetime earnings, and overall success. As Dr. Abraham notes, physicians are often among the most trusted voices families encounter. “If we show interest in them, and their children, it’s been my experience they grab at it.” Perhaps the most moving portion of our discussion centered on his advice for expectant parents. Rather than waiting until a baby arrives, he encourages parents to begin reading as soon as they begin thinking about starting a family. “We recommend prenatal reading when you start thinking about being pregnant.” He offers several reasons: Reading helps strengthen the emotional bond between parent and child. It encourages calmness and emotional well-being during pregnancy. Most practically, it establishes a habit before, as he laughingly puts it, “all hell breaks loose” after the baby arrives. Then he offered one of the most beautiful thoughts of our conversation. As Reading With Kids says on its website: “It is possible your child is already waiting for you. If so, it is never too early to reach out and begin connecting by reading.” Our discussion eventually broadened into education itself. Dr. Abraham worries that schools sometimes diminish children’s natural curiosity instead of nurturing it. “Every child starts off curious… We kill it.” He argues that reading helps preserve the questioning mindset that fuels creativity and innovation. His upcoming book, On Being Einstein, explores that very idea. “What makes for an Einstein? Somebody with a tremendous memory… or somebody who’s willing to ask questions the rest of us won’t?” Throughout our conversation, one message remained constant: reading is one of the simplest, least expensive, and most powerful investments any parent, grandparent, caregiver, or community member can make. Whether reading begins during pregnancy, while rocking a newborn, or sharing stories with a curious preschooler, those moments become far more than story time. They become opportunities to build language, strengthen relationships, foster imagination, encourage empathy, and perhaps even change the trajectory of a child’s life. To learn more, volunteer, donate books, or support the initiative, visit ReadingWithKids.org, the public outreach program of the Acadiana Educational Endowment. In closing, just a few statistics from Reading With Kid’s website: https://www.readingwithkids.org/research/ 75% of US adults read below the 6th grade level.47% struggle to read basic sentences.20% are functionally illiterate.Magnet ABA Therapy. US Literacy Statistics. The State of Literacy in America: A Comprehensive Overview. February 28, 2025. Link.The National Literacy Institute. Link. In poor neighborhoods, there can be as few as 1 book for every 300 children.(Book Deserts.) Neuman, Susan B. Changing the Odds for Children at Risk. 2008, Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Link.

Our guest is Stacey Knight Mejia, an attorney by training but better known throughout Acadiana as “Sensei Stacey,” co-owner and chief instructor of Acadiana Karate. A ten-time national forms and weapons champion, Stacey has spent decades teaching martial arts, confidence, and practical self-defense to children and adults. Her message is simple but powerful: “The goal isn’t to live in fear. The goal is to live with awareness, confidence, and the ability to trust yourself.” As Stacey explains, avoiding violence begins long before physical self-defense becomes necessary. “Ninety to ninety-five percent of all self-defense scenarios can be avoided by pre-planning.” That single statement frames our entire discussion. Stacey explains that every attack begins with three elements: a predator, a victim, and an opportunity. Predators are looking for easy targets and easy opportunities, which is why awareness matters so much. “You are what you look like. How you stand, how you walk. Eye contact is huge because remember, the predator doesn’t want to get caught.” She encourages women to walk with purpose, maintain awareness of their surroundings, know where exits are located within seconds of entering a building, lock vehicle doors immediately, and always have a response plan before something happens. “Have a plan. What am I going to do? Where are the exits? How am I going to get out of here?” Throughout the interview, Stacey returns repeatedly to the importance of using your voice. “When I teach women physical self-defense classes, I sometimes have issues getting them to use their voice. They feel, ‘I’m silly,’ or they’re shy. I need you to become a tiger or a lion because the guy that’s coming at you has a criminal mindset.” One of the strongest themes of our discussion is learning to trust intuition. Gavin de Becker’s landmark book The Gift of Fear, was discussed and he argues that our instincts often recognize danger before our conscious minds do. “Trust your instinct. Trust your gut. It’s so important.” She tells parents to teach their children the same lesson. “No is a one-word sentence. No means no. Say no and run.” Rather than encouraging people to become fearful, Stacey wants them to become intentional. “I don’t want you to live in fear. But you need to be aware.” We discuss numerous real-world situations that women encounter every day, including shopping centers, grocery stores, parking lots, gas stations, DoorDash deliveries, ride-share services, parks, jogging alone, and even sitting in your own driveway scrolling through your phone. Stacey points out that today’s criminals are increasingly sophisticated, posing as delivery drivers, utility workers, or even leaving seemingly harmless items such as money dropped on the ground, windshield wipers moved out of place, or objects on door handles to create distractions. Her advice remains remarkably practical: “Verify, verify. Do not open the front door of your house for a delivery person or a utility worker until you verify.” She also recommends limiting distractions. “The cell phone can be very helpful but it’s a huge distraction.” Instead, she encourages using technology wisely by sharing locations with friends and family, calling 911 immediately if something feels wrong, and trusting that internal warning system. Another phone trick is to put your camera on if someone is stalking you. “Turn around and say, ‘Do I know you? Do you need anything? and take a picture. If they hurry away, you know they weren’t up to any good.” One of Stacey’s most moving stories involves a woman who survived a brutal sexual assault and eventually found her way to Acadiana Karate. Initially unable to speak about what had happened, she slowly rebuilt both her confidence and her life through training. “She came out victorious. She got her life back.” Stacey also offers reassurance to anyone who has survived an attack. “You survived. You shouldn’t feel shame about that.” Although Stacey has earned national championships in martial arts competition and even performed stunt work on the television series Mortal Kombat: Conquest after being recruited from the national karate circuit, she emphasizes that most people will never need advanced martial arts techniques if they develop strong situational awareness. Stacey recommends simple, easy-to-use personal safety devices such as Birdie or Hootie personal alarms that emit a piercing sound to attract attention and create an opportunity to escape. She is less enthusiastic about pepper spray, guns or knives. “I’m not an expert on those tools. I don’t advocate for it. I’ve heard so many horror stories about the attacker grabbing it and turning it on you.” She also recommends an inexpensive glass breaker/seatbelt cutter device that can be used both in vehicle emergencies and, if necessary, to escape from a locked vehicle. Her philosophy focuses on escape rather than confrontation. “The goal is to escape.” Stacey also explains why a single two-hour self-defense seminar cannot replace consistent training. “Don’t think that you’re an expert after one seminar.” Karate develops something much deeper than physical techniques. Through repetition, students build muscle memory so that, under the stress of an actual attack, simple defensive movements become automatic. “We just drill it, drill it, drill it.” Every August I get calls about teaching safety classes to daughters right before they go iff to college. ‘Please, can you teach self-defense in a week?’ The best thing I tell my parents is to buy this book: Confidence in Conflict for Campus Life, by Jill Weisensel . It goes through all things addressing personal safety awareness like theft in the dorm, sorority parties, how to address hazing and sexual assault, just really great tips on how to address high-risk behaviors.” Stacey also follows Dannah Eve who recently wrote a book called Street Smarts. Introduced to karate by her future husband, Pablo Mejia, while attending college, she earned her first-degree black belt before entering law school. She credits martial arts with helping her persevere through one of the most demanding periods of her life. “There are times in law school where we all just want to quit. Karate really helped me.” The discipline she learned on the mat carried directly into her legal career. Today, Stacey continues serving the community through Acadiana Karate while also sharing health and wellness advice through her “Stacey’s Optimal Health” platform. Whether discussing nutrition, exercise, parenting teenagers, or personal safety, her underlying message never changes: preparation creates confidence. This episode is for every woman, every parent, every college student, and every family member who wants practical, thoughtful guidance on staying safe while living life with confidence instead of fear. “Don’t live in fear. Just be aware.” For more information about Stacey Knight Mejia and Acadiana Karate, visit https://acadianakarate.com/

Many people have never heard of Ryan Furby, yet they have likely experienced the impact of the work he does. After an international career with some of the world’s largest corporations, including FedEx, Philip Morris International, and Biogen, Ryan returned to Louisiana and quietly built a consulting practice that helps organizations navigate complex business challenges through strategic communications, public affairs, and reputation management. Today, as CEO of RAF Strategic Communications and Public Affairs, he advises companies while also giving generously of his time to Acadiana’s nonprofit and civic organizations. In this episode of Discover Lafayette, Ryan demystifies a profession that often operates behind the scenes. He explains how organizations earn, and sometimes lose, the public’s trust, why communications belong at the executive table, and how thoughtful leadership can determine whether a company thrives during moments of opportunity or crisis. As Ryan succinctly explains, “I’m in the trust business. I’m in the reputation business.“ Louisiana Roots, Global Experience Ryan’s career has taken him around the world, but Louisiana has always remained home. Born in Baton Rouge, raised in Mandeville, and educated at Loyola University New Orleans, Ryan grew up with deep family ties throughout South Louisiana. His mother’s family has roots in Lafayette stretching back generations, while his father’s family is from Alexandria. After nearly twenty years of pursuing increasingly demanding international leadership roles, Ryan found himself burned out. “I’d been chasing jobs and money and career all around the world for 20 years,” he recalls. “I was at a point where I was really burned out.” Initially, moving to Lafayette was intended to be temporary, a place where he and his wife could regroup while raising their two young children closer to family. “We’ll spend a year. See how it goes.” Eight years later, Lafayette has become home. That decision changed not only his family’s life, but the community that would eventually benefit from his leadership. Learning Leadership at FedEx Ryan credits much of his professional development to his years at FedEx, where he describes the company as “my training ground” and “my MBA.” Working inside one of the world’s largest transportation companies gave him unprecedented exposure to executive decision-making and corporate strategy. Few people influenced him more than FedEx founder Fred Smith. “I thought of him as a professor,” Ryan says. “Every time he spoke, I just absorbed all of that.” Smith’s military background shaped the culture of the company through a simple but powerful philosophy: “Shoot. Move. Communicate.” Ryan explains that the phrase represented more than a slogan. It embodied how organizations must continually adapt, execute, and communicate internally to remain successful. At FedEx, communications wasn’t an afterthought, it was part of executive leadership. Communications professionals sat alongside legal counsel, operations leaders, marketing executives, and division presidents, helping shape decisions before they became headlines. As Ryan explains, their role was often to become “the conscience of the organization,” helping leaders ask difficult questions: “If you mess up, how do you own it? How do you fix it? How do you prevent it from happening again?” Katrina: Helping New Orleans Recover One of Ryan’s defining professional experiences came in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. From FedEx’s corporate “war room,” he watched the devastation unfold while simultaneously helping coordinate logistics and charitable efforts to support New Orleans’ recovery. The experience was deeply personal. “I felt like New Orleans was my home,” he says. “Watching that and then knowing what my friends and family were experiencing felt very personal.” Among the recovery efforts he remains most proud of was helping the Audubon Aquarium of the Americas reopen. After Katrina, nearly every animal inside the aquarium died when life-support systems failed. The surviving penguins and two sea otters had been relocated to California while the facility rebuilt. When the aquarium asked FedEx for help bringing the animals home, Ryan immediately recognized the symbolic importance. “This is going to be big. This is a story.” FedEx ultimately chartered one of its own aircraft to transport the animals back to New Orleans, sponsored the exhibit, and helped organize a major reopening celebration nearly one year after the storm. “It was symbolic of what New Orleans needed,” Ryan reflects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUvQQr-obXU The story became a powerful reminder that communications is about far more than publicity; it is about helping communities recover, celebrate milestones, and restore hope. Reinvention on a Global Stage Ryan’s next chapter took him to Switzerland with Philip Morris International. To many, accepting a position with a tobacco company might seem surprising. Ryan explains that by the time he joined, the company’s leadership was investing heavily in research and development to transition smokers toward reduced-risk alternatives. His responsibility was helping one of the world’s most heavily regulated companies navigate communications in an increasingly digital world. Unlike traditional consumer brands, every communication had to operate within extraordinary legal constraints. “It was always trying to find a path through all of the barriers,” he says. Living overseas also transformed his family’s perspective. Ryan and his wife immersed their children in French-speaking schools, traveled extensively throughout Europe, and developed friendships with colleagues from across the globe, including Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, and Eastern Europe. Those experiences fundamentally changed how he views the world. “I tend to see things from both sides,” he says. “I give the other side the benefit of the doubt.” That balanced perspective continues to shape both his consulting practice and his civic leadership today. Choosing Lafayette When Ryan eventually returned to the United States through Biogen, he briefly considered relocating to Boston. Instead, he chose Lafayette. His reason was remarkably simple. Family. “I wanted them to know their family,” he says of his children. Equally important was his desire to become part of a genuine community. Living abroad had shown him what it meant to be welcomed professionally but never fully belong. Louisiana offered something different. “I wanted to be part of the people, part of the community.” Rather than simply living in Lafayette, Ryan intentionally sought opportunities to serve. That commitment eventually led him to board leadership with organizations including the Acadiana Symphony Orchestra and Ronald McDonald House Charities of South Louisiana, as well as service on the committee that selected the new president of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Building RAF Strategic Communications Ryan eventually founded RAF Strategic Communications and Public Affairs, naming the company after his initials, “RAF,” colleagues had called him throughout his FedEx career. Today, he helps organizations clarify strategy, improve communications, strengthen relationships with government and stakeholders, and successfully compete for major contracts. One example close to home involved Acadiana Waste Services. When the company prepared its proposal for Lafayette’s residential solid waste contract, Ryan brought years of experience responding to complex Request for Proposals. His advice was practical: “Answer the question. Get the score you need.” But beyond simply answering technical requirements, Ryan helped the locally owned company present itself with the polish and professionalism expected of much larger national competitors. “If you want to know how the big ones operate,” he says, “this is how they do it.” Today, he continues serving as a communications consultant for Acadiana Waste Services while helping the company build relationships throughout the community. And Ryan says, ” Just a side note, we have a monthly meeting with LCG and each month, it’s another month of no fines. To have no fines means you’ve collected every single route. If you miss something, you have 24 hours to fix it. No fines in this industry is unheard of. They are a great company and great people. I’m really fortunate to work with them.” Reputation Can Take Decades to Build—and Minutes to Lose One of the most fascinating portions of our conversation centered on reputation management. Ryan discussed recent corporate case studies ranging from Fender Guitars to BP’s Deepwater Horizon response, illustrating how quickly public trust can disappear. Quoting Warren Buffett, Ryan offered one of the interview’s most memorable observations: “It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it.” His work often involves helping organizations ask difficult questions before problems become public crises. “The best examples of what I do,” he explains, “never hit the papers because the issues have been handled properly before they were out there to ruin the reputation of the company.” It is a reminder that successful communication isn’t simply about responding well, it is about making wiser decisions from the beginning. Giving Back to Acadiana Despite an international résumé, Ryan speaks most enthusiastically about community service. His involvement with the Acadiana Symphony Orchestra reflects his belief that arts organizations help define the character of a community. He praises board chairman Robert Schacht for modernizing the organization while expanding educational programming, movie concerts, chamber performances, and outreach designed to welcome new audiences. “We’re trying to bring in education and students and have fun,” Ryan says. “I just think performing arts is so important for community.” That same philosophy guides his volunteer work across Acadiana. As he explains: “Work is just a piece of who I am.” “What I can give back is much more rewarding.” Listen to the Full Conversation Ryan Furby’s career has taken him from Louisiana to Switzerland, from global boardrooms to local nonprofit organizations, yet one lesson consistently emerges throughout our conversation: Businesses succeed not simply because they have great products, but because they earn trust. Whether advising Fortune 500 companies, helping a locally owned business compete for a transformational contract, or volunteering with organizations that enrich Acadiana, Ryan brings the same thoughtful approach to leadership: listening carefully, understanding multiple perspectives, and helping people achieve their best outcomes. His story is ultimately not just about communications. It’s about character, credibility, and the relationships that make communities and organizations stronger. For more information about his services, visit https://rafmarketing.com/.

For more than five decades, Trent Angers has dedicated his life to journalism, publishing, and preserving the stories that define Louisiana and its people. As founder, editor, and publisher of Acadian House Publishing, Trent has edited and published 126 books over a 45-year career while also authoring six books of his own. His work has ranged from Cajun history and Louisiana political figures to military ethics, faith, and inspirational storytelling. A graduate of LSU’s School of Journalism, where he was named Outstanding Graduating Senior and received the Hodding Carter Award for Responsible Journalism, Trent followed in the footsteps of his father, Bob Angers, founder of Acadiana Profile magazine. Trent would eventually spend 36 years as editor and publisher of Acadiana Profile, helping build it into one of the longest-running regional magazines in America before selling the publication in 2010 to focus full-time on book publishing with Acadian House Publishing. During our conversation, Trent reflects on a life immersed in words, ideas, and the people behind them. “Born with printer’s ink in my blood” Trent jokes that journalism was his destiny. “You could say I was born with printer’s ink in the blood.” His father purchased the Franklin Banner-Tribune in 1953, and Trent grew up watching the realities of community journalism firsthand. When Bob Angers launched Acadiana Profile in 1968, regional magazines were virtually unheard of. “I thought he had lost his mind because there was almost no such thing as a city or regional magazine in this country at the time.” Instead, Bob Angers proved to be a visionary. More than fifty years later, the publication remains an important voice for South Louisiana. Acadian House Publishing: More Than Books Today, Acadian House Publishing is one of Louisiana’s most respected independent publishers. Its catalog includes biographies, history, cookbooks, inspirational works, faith-based books, and regional classics. Trent describes publishing as far more than simply printing books. “Publishing involves careful acquisition of titles, careful editing, fact-checking, correcting, perfecting, marketing, warehousing, accounting, and distribution.” Acadian House receives approximately 150 manuscript proposals each year but publishes only three or four books annually. “No is the most powerful word in the English language.” With limited capacity, Trent looks for books that move people, educate readers, and inspire meaningful reflection. Dispelling Myths About Cajun Culture At age 40, Trent wrote his first book, The Truth About the Cajuns, a work designed to challenge stereotypes and misconceptions about Acadian people. “The first book I actually wrote is when I turned 40. The book was titled The Truth About the Cajuns. The book was designed to dispel the myths and stereotypes about the Acadian people. We’re very proud of our Acadian heritage. We’re not simple minded people who aren’t so bright. We don’t all dwell in the swamp. Our lives do not revolve around eating, drinking and dancing Trent wanted readers to understand that Cajun identity extends far beyond the caricatures often portrayed in popular culture. The book remains one of the most thoughtful examinations of Cajun identity and heritage. Dudley LeBlanc: The Original Champion of Cajun Pride Another of Trent’s works is Dudley LeBlanc: A Biography, which chronicles the life of the legendary founder of Hadacol and one of Louisiana’s most colorful political figures. “Dudley LeBlanc, who founded Hadacol, was also known as the political and almost spiritual leader of the Acadian people. He had a French language radio show emanating from from Abbeville. The truth is, Dudley started the French Renaissance movement before Jimmy Domengeaux formalized it through CODIFIL. Dudley LeBlanc would bring it up and say, ‘Let’s stand up for our Acadian heritage and be proud and not ashamed of who we are, not ashamed of our heritage and culture.” While many remember LeBlanc for his wildly successful patent medicine business, Trent argues that his greatest contribution was cultural. Long before organizations formalized the movement to preserve Cajun culture, LeBlanc encouraged Acadians to embrace their language, traditions, and identity. According to Trent, both Dudley LeBlanc and James Domengeaux deserve tremendous credit for preserving and advancing Acadian culture in Louisiana. The Forgotten Hero of the My Lai Massacre Perhaps no project has shaped Trent’s career more than The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story. The book tells the story of Hugh Thompson Jr., the American helicopter pilot credited with stopping the My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War. “I became Thompson’s biographer and spent lots and lots of time with him in Vietnam, in Norway, and throughout the United States, in Washington, D.C., etc. I wrote his speech when he received the soldier’s medal in Washington at the Vietnam Wall, which is the highest award a soldier can earn for anything other than direct combat with the enemy,” Trent said. Trent devoted more than 3,000 hours of research across three continents to tell Thompson’s story. “That book was my opus.” The defining moment came when Thompson landed his helicopter between fleeing Vietnamese civilians and advancing American soldiers. “Not on my watch,” he said. Thompson ordered his gunner to protect the civilians, even if it meant turning their weapons on fellow Americans. His actions saved lives and ultimately helped bring the massacre to an end. Trent explains why Thompson’s story continues to resonate: “They were willing to give up their lives just because it was the right thing to do.” The book has since been placed on the reading list of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because of its lessons on leadership, battlefield ethics, and moral courage. Publishing Louisiana’s Most Influential Voices Over the years, Acadian House has published works by an extraordinary range of Louisiana authors and leaders. Among them are books by: Dale Brown Lt. General Russel L. Honoré Marcelle Bienvenu Camille Pavy Claiborne Brian Sibley Chad Judice Trent speaks admiringly of each, emphasizing not only their accomplishments but also their character, intellect, and ability to inspire others. Dale Brown and Human Dignity One of Trent’s most meaningful publishing relationships has been with legendary LSU basketball coach Dale Brown. Acadian House published Brown’s Getting Over the Four Hurdles of Life, and Trent later authored Dale Brown: Caught in the Battle for Human Dignity. He also played a significant role, along with Lafayette attorney Glenn Armentor, in the effort to have LSU’s basketball court named in Brown’s honor. “Every generation needs role models.” For Trent, Brown represents integrity, courage, compassion, and leadership. “Dale Brown is a role model of integrity, courage, bravery, intelligence.” Those qualities made him not only a successful coach but also one of America’s most sought-after motivational speakers. The Secret Life of an Editor One of the most fascinating parts of our conversation centered on the editor-author relationship. After working closely with writers for months or years, Trent says editors often develop a deep understanding of how authors think. “We call that mind meld.” His philosophy is simple: “The job of an editor is to make the writer look like a genius.” That requires more than correcting grammar. It involves improving structure, strengthening logic, checking facts, and helping authors communicate their ideas as clearly as possible. Cookbooks Outsell Almost Everything Despite publishing biographies, history, and inspirational works, Trent admits one category consistently surprises him: Cookbooks. Acadian House’s most successful title is Marcelle Bienvenu’s iconic cookbook Who’s Your Mama, Are You Catholic, and Can You Make a Roux? The book has sold approximately 200,000 copies. “That book is in the top one percentile of books ever published in America.” For Trent, the success is both gratifying and humbling. “You do a cookbook and you sell the heck out of it.” The enduring popularity of Louisiana food culture continues to introduce readers around the world to Acadiana traditions. Freedom of the Press As a lifelong journalist, Trent remains deeply passionate about the First Amendment. “Freedom of the press is the hill I would die on. This country is free, in part because of the free press. Because of the free flow of information. It’s the press’s job to educate, to inform, to entertain. We serve the public, not the government. The press exists to serve the public.” He argues that a free society depends upon the free flow of information and a press willing to challenge power when necessary. “The press exists to serve the public, not the government.” Regardless of political affiliation, Trent believes journalism’s highest calling remains informing citizens and protecting democratic accountability. What’s Next: Orphan Train to Louisiana Among Acadian House’s upcoming projects is Orphan Train to Louisiana, a book examining the little-known story of thousands of orphaned children transported from New York City to families across America. The project was inspired by a staggering historical reality. “At one point in New York City there were 30,000 babies and children on the street, homeless.” The book explores the efforts of religious organizations and charitable groups that worked to place children with loving families, including many in Louisiana. For Trent, it is exactly the kind of story Acadian House loves to tell: forgotten history that reveals the best of humanity. Faith, Service, and Gratitude Outside of publishing, Trent is active in the Secular Franciscan Order, whose members seek to live according to the spirit of Saint Francis of Assisi through service, humility, and care for others. Reflecting on his blessings, he says: “We’re among the luckiest people in the world, in the history of civilization.” That perspective of gratitude, combined with a lifelong commitment to storytelling, continues to shape his work today. Whether preserving Cajun history, documenting battlefield courage, promoting faith-filled voices, or introducing readers to remarkable Louisianans, Trent Angers remains one of Acadiana’s most important cultural storytellers. To learn more about Trent Angers and Acadian House Publishing, visit their website and explore a catalog that reflects the rich history, culture, faith, and character of Louisiana.

Few people have shaped environmental policy and conservation efforts in Acadiana as persistently as Harold Schoeffler. Known to many as part of the family behind Schoeffler Cadillac, Harold’s legacy extends far beyond the automobile business. For more than six decades, he has been a tireless advocate for protecting Louisiana’s natural resources, improving public policy, mentoring young people through Scouting, and encouraging citizens to become active stewards of their communities. In this wide-ranging conversation, Harold reflects on a lifetime of work that has touched everything from oil recycling and waste reduction to flood control, wildlife preservation, and public access to Louisiana’s waterways. “The Gifts of the Earth Are Public Gifts” Harold’s philosophy is rooted in a simple belief: “We have private gifts, our health and our intelligence, that we will be held accountable for. But the gifts of the earth are public gifts, and we’ll be just as accountable for that.” That conviction has guided his work for decades. Rather than simply criticizing problems, Harold has focused on finding practical solutions. One of his earliest environmental victories came in the 1970s, when he discovered that used motor oil from most Lafayette service stations was being dumped into storm drains that ultimately emptied into local waterways. At the time, 52 of Lafayette’s 54 filling stations were disposing of waste oil this way. Harold located a New Orleans recycling company willing to install storage tanks at no cost and purchase the used oil from station owners. After identifying a city fire code violation related to dumping petroleum products into storm drains, he worked with local officials to implement a citywide solution. The result? According to Harold, Lafayette became the first community in Louisiana to fully recycle used motor oil, selling it at 50 cents per gallon. “This was just money from heaven, you know.” Transforming Waste into Resources Harold’s efforts extended beyond oil recycling. He became deeply involved in helping Lafayette address mounting waste disposal challenges, particularly yard waste and sewage sludge. At a time when yard waste occupied enormous amounts of landfill space, Harold helped promote the use of tub grinders that could reduce volume by approximately 90 percent. The resulting mulch and compost products created value instead of waste. Similarly, he worked on legislation and policy changes that allowed treated sewage sludge to be safely recycled for agricultural use rather than being hauled to landfills at significant public expense. These initiatives not only reduced environmental impacts but also saved taxpayers money and created new economic opportunities. Today, Harold notes that many residents have little idea how much waste is already being recycled through these systems. Saving the Louisiana Black Bear Perhaps Harold’s most touching conservation achievement is his role in protecting the Louisiana Black Bear. In 1987, he petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to place the Louisiana Black Bear on the endangered species list. After years of advocacy and litigation, the bear was officially listed as threatened in 1992. His efforts later contributed to the protection of more than one million acres of critical habitat for the species. Harold explains that at the time he began his quest to protect the species, there may have been fewer than 300 to 400 Louisiana Black Bears remaining; yet Louisiana was continung to grant 165,000 big game hunting tags yearly before his efforts to save the black bear. His concern was never opposition to hunting itself. As an avid outdoorsman, hunter, and fisherman, he viewed conservation as ensuring that wildlife populations remain healthy enough for future generations. As he notes in our conversation, preservation of the species, not opposition to sportsmen, was always the goal. (Note: Due to recovery, the Louisiana Black Bear was officially removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Species on March 11, 2016; however, it remains protected under Louisiana state law, and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries continues to actively manage this subspecies.) The Atchafalaya Basin and Public Access Another major chapter in Harold’s work involves the Atchafalaya Basin. Over the years he has fought against practices he believed threatened the basin’s ecological health and public accessibility, including shell dredging operations and legal disputes involving public waterways. He recounts the landmark Larry Daigle case, in which a commercial fisherman faced criminal trespassing charges while fishing in waters Harold believed were public. The case ultimately became a significant legal battle involving questions of public access, navigable waterways, and property rights within the basin. Harold views the outcome as a victory not only for one fisherman but for the public’s rights throughout Louisiana’s waterways. His extensive firsthand knowledge of Louisiana’s waterways comes from decades spent hunting, fishing, scouting, and paddling through some of the state’s most remote landscapes. A Lifetime in Scouting Ask Harold what accomplishment makes him most proud, and his answer isn’t environmental litigation. It’s Scouting. For 42 years Harold was involved in the Scouts and helped guide 125 young men to the rank of Eagle Scout. Throughout our conversation, he repeatedly returns to the importance of believing in young people. “If you think they can, they can. If you think they can’t, you can’t. And that’s a lesson for parents. You know, if you’re going to have a negative attitude towards your kids, you’re going to get negative results. But if you think they can, you know, they can sense that also.” Harold shares lessons learned from serving on a military school board, where early special education programs demonstrated how expectations can profoundly affect a child’s success. Those same lessons shaped his approach to mentoring Scouts, many of whom achieved far more than others expected of them. His philosophy also extended to environmental stewardship. He often taught Scouts that if boys are taught not to litter before the age ten, they are unlikely to become litterers later in life. Changing behavior early, he argues, is one of the most effective ways to improve communities. The Power of Citizen Involvement One recurring theme throughout this conversation is Harold’s belief that ordinary citizens can solve extraordinary problems. Whether discussing flood control, environmental policy, waste management, or economic development, Harold consistently points to the value of public participation. He shares stories of public meetings where solutions emerged not from experts or consultants but from local residents willing to speak up and share ideas. For Harold, conservation has never been about politics. It’s about facts, integrity, and doing what is right for the long-term health of the community. “If they catch you in a lie one time, you’re dead.” Integrity, he says, must remain at the center of every public effort. Looking Ahead At a time when environmental issues often become politically polarized, Harold offers a refreshingly practical perspective. His message is simple: “If you pick up one piece of litter a day and all the people in town do it, you’d have no litter.” The lesson applies far beyond trash. Positive change often begins with small actions, sustained over time by people willing to care. Harold Schoeffler’s life demonstrates what can happen when one citizen decides that stewardship is not someone else’s responsibility. It’s ours. Topics Discussed Growing up in Lafayette and the Schoeffler family business Boy Scouts and mentoring 125 Eagle Scouts Recycling used motor oil in Lafayette during the 1970s Protecting the Vermilion River and local waterways Yard waste recycling and composting programs Sewage sludge recycling initiatives Flood control and watershed management The Atchafalaya Basin and public access rights The Larry Daigle case Shell dredging litigation The Louisiana Black Bear and endangered species protection Public engagement and environmental stewardship Why integrity matters in public advocacy