第3019期:Earthquake early warning system reduces message latency

With fireballs in his hands, the Cauldron Group's David Duckworth sets magical potions ablaze.Cauldron酒吧的大卫·达克沃斯手里拿着火球，点燃了魔法药水。So all the drinks that we have on offer at the Cauldron, the key thing to know about them is that they're all fully interactive.我们在Cauldron酒吧提供的所有饮品，它们都是可以发生反应的。So you are able to interact with the various ingredients, and using molecular mixology and science behind the drinks.你可以使各种成分相互作用，利用饮料背后的分子调酒技术和科学。You are able to make your drinks do something that you've probably never seen a drink do before.你可以让饮料做一些以前从未见过的事情。Gathered around crystal balls in Cauldron in a dark, magical room, sit witches and wizards learning new and delicious magic.在一个黑暗的魔法房间里，女巫和男巫们围坐在Cauldron酒吧的水晶球旁，学习新奇而美妙的魔法。So this is a potion making class. When people come in, they get a robe, they get a magic wand, that's one of our custom magic wand that actually works.这是一堂药剂制作课。人们进店的时候，会得到一件长袍，一根魔杖，这是我们定制的一根真正能够起作用的魔杖。And they learn to brew molecular potions, which are molecular cocktails, where we employ chemistry in the drink making process.他们学习调制分子药剂，也就是分子鸡尾酒，我们在调酒过程中运用化学原理。When customers arrive, they receive their magician's cloak and a magic wand they use to pour themselves a drink from a beheaded magical creature.当顾客到达店里时，他们会收到魔术师斗篷和一根魔杖，他们用这根魔杖从一只被斩首的魔法生物那里给自己倒一杯饮料。The magic wand powered by the sorcery known as the Internet of Things also operates taps, turns on lights and unlocks doors at the Cauldron.这根由被称为物联网的魔法驱动的魔杖，还在Cauldron酒吧操控水龙头、开灯和开门。So our mission is to bring fantasy and magic to life with science, technology and design,我们的使命是用科学、技术和设计将幻想和魔法变为现实，and to allow people to step into the imagined world, to their childhood in a really authentic way.让人们以一种真实的方式踏入想象中的世界，重温他们的童年。Cortland, once a high school reading teacher, says that career progressed into this one,科特兰曾是一名高中阅读教师，他表示这份职业逐渐发展成了现在的工作——where he teaches adults to interact with literature, and the STEM curriculum of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.教导成年人如何与文学作品互动，以及教授科学、技术、工程和数学课程。The experience, he says, takes some adults back in time.他说，这种体验让一些成年人回到了过去。We just googled fun things to do in London. It was one of the things that came up.我们刚刚在谷歌上搜索了伦敦有趣的活动，就出现了这家酒吧。Owners say fantasy fans of all ages appreciate a place that brings magic to life.酒吧业主们说，各个年龄段的奇幻爱好者都很喜欢这个能让魔法照进现实的地方。But junior witches and wizards beware, the Cauldron only shares the dark arts with those 18 years and older. 但是年轻的巫师们要当心， Cauldron酒吧只与18岁及以上的巫师分享黑魔法。

So, both along the fault, we like those sensors really close the fault because that gives us really those first motions that are coming out of the earthquake.这两个传感器都紧贴断层，我们很喜欢紧贴断层的传感器，因为这样能让我们真正捕捉到地震最初的震动情况。It tells us the earthquake has started. So, once that earthquake started, seismic waves start travelling away from where that earthquake starts.这样我们就知道地震发生了。一旦地震开始发生，地震波就会从地震起始处向外传播。'P waves' or primary waves are the first waves that arrive. They're faster and you feel sort of a jolt coming up beneath you.“P波”或“初至波”最先到达观测点，传播速度很快，你会感觉到脚下有种震动感。The 'S waves' would travel along behind those and start shaking you back and forth.“S波”会紧随其后，让你来回摇晃。So, we're in Pasadena and we're at one of the seismic stations. At the bottom of this vault, this is what it is.我们正在帕萨迪纳的一个地震监测站。在这个小仓库的地下，这就是传感器。So, and it moves relative to the earth and basically whatever happens in here, gets turned into an electrical signal and boom.这个传感器会随地面一同移动，基本上，无论地表发生什么运动，它都能将其转化为电信号。It takes some very, very precise observation about what's happening.要记录这些运动需要非常精密的监测。We were one of the early adopters of the ShakeAlert system. We implemented it in January of 2017.我们是早期采用ShakeAlert系统的机构之一。我们于2017年1月启用了该系统。And it gives us precious seconds to anticipate an earthquake that may be coming to Los Angeles area and that will enable us to put an alert out to our operators.它能让我们争取到宝贵的几秒钟时间来预判可能会袭击洛杉矶地区的地震，还能让我们向工作人员发出警报。Part of the protocol is to slow down the train as it is moving in advance of an earthquake.协议的一部分是让列车在地震发生前减速行驶。So, the slower you're moving, the more safely you can operate the vehicle and stopping the vehicle is the best course of action for a large scale event.开得越慢就越安全，在这种大型灾难面前，停车当然是最好的选择。For very large earthquakes, the ShakeAlert early warning system is going to use seismometers.对于影响范围很广的地震，ShakeAlert预警系统将开启地震仪，But with the really big earthquakes, we're going to need information from these stations但如果是真的非常剧烈的地震，我们就需要这些监测站的信息，because what's going to happen is that if there's a really big earthquake, these stations are going to move very quickly in a very short amount of time.因为如果真的发生大地震，这些监测站会在极短时间内快速移动。And that information is critical to understand the biggest of earthquakes. We're talking earthquakes that are magnitude 8 and above.这些信息对于最大程度了解地震是至关重要的。我们谈论的是8级及以上的地震。Big earthquakes in places like Iran and Indonesia and they could stand to have their own earthquake early warning systems.伊朗和印度尼西亚等地都发生过大地震，他们可以有自己的地震预警系统。And this has actually become a really interesting international community. We're all learning from each other.这实际上已经成为一个非常有趣的国际社区。我们都在互相学习。One thing we want to do and the big currency of ShakeAlert is time. Time is really important to us.我们想要进一步完善的，同时也是ShakeAlert的重要价值所在，就是争取时间。时间对我们来说真的很重要。Currently, the time that it takes to get messages out is taking way too long and we want to reduce what we call 'latencies' as much as possible.目前，信息传递所需的时间过长，我们希望尽可能减少所谓的“延迟”。So, we're working with a whole array of partners, the telecommunications industry.我们正在与整个电信行业的一系列合作伙伴合作。We're working with mass notification providers, to get those messages out as quickly as possible.我们正在与大规模通知服务提供商合作，以便尽快发布这些消息。

When I was 18 years old, I was in a motor vehicle accident and I sustained a T-12 burst fracture to my spinal cord. It left me paralyzed from the waist down.18岁时，我出了车祸，胸椎第12节爆裂性骨折，腰部以下瘫痪了。My friends and I were getting ready to go out to dinner and I had stepped out on to the balcony to make a phone call.我和朋友们正准备出去吃晚餐，我走到阳台上打电话。And I went to go sit on the railing and I just fell right back off of it and I landed on the ground three stories below.我坐在栏杆上，接着就直接从上面往后摔了下去，落在了下面三层楼的地面上。The next thing I remember, I was in the medical clinic. I had to re-learn everything that I had taken for granted so few weeks before.等我醒过来的时候已经在医院了。我不得不重新学习几周前我还习以为常的事情。I remember a big goal of mine was to put on my pants by myself.我还记得当时连自己穿裤子都是一个大挑战。I suffered multiple strokes. The process of being strapped in makes you feel more and more secure because there are many, they kind of pinpointed the areas where people would feel kind of sensitive.我多次中风。 这个绑紧的过程让我感到越来越安全，因为新设备上面有很多传感器可以感应到人体的敏感部位。The machine really supports you. This is like a big hug around my waist.这个设备真的可以把你支撑起来。就好像有人用力抱住了我的腰。My physical therapist told me that it was possible for me to get in this exoskeleton device and get up and start walking again and that was news to me.我的物理治疗师告诉我，我有可能穿上这个外骨骼装置，站起来重新开始行走，这真的是个大消息。Ekso Bionics was originally a research project at UC Berkeley.Ekso Bionics最初是加州大学伯克利分校的一个研究项目。They were studying how to make soldiers be able to carry more capacity further without injuring the soldiers.他们当时研究的是如何让士兵能够携带更多物资走得更远，同时不使士兵受伤。And that technology developed all kinds of different human wearable robotics that could allow people to do things they otherwise couldn't do.这项技术开发了各式各样的可穿戴机器人，让人们实现以前做不到的事情。The first time I stood up in Ekso, it was a little terrifying but so exciting. But once I got the hang of it, it was so great. I couldn't get the smile off of my face.第一次穿上Ekso站起来时，感觉有点可怕但又非常激动。当我掌握要领后，感觉实在太棒了。我笑个不停。It's crazy to think that in just a year and a half, I went from my normal life to the lowest point in my life back to basically where I was before if not better.想想真是疯狂，在短短一年半的时间里，我从正常生活跌至人生低谷，然后又基本回到了正常生活。

This new study from Pakistan suggests synchronising exercise to match people's natural sleep-wake cycles or internal body clock could offer the greatest health benefits.这项来自巴基斯坦的新研究表明，将锻炼时间和个人的睡眠觉醒周期或体内生物钟同步，能给健康带来最多益处。Volunteers who tried it had better sleep, lower blood pressure and healthier blood sugar levels overall. In the study, a group of 40 to 60-year-olds with at least one heart risk were categorised: 70 as morning larks and 64 as night owls. Over three months, some did almost daily exercises at times that matched their body clock, while others did the opposite.尝试了这种锻炼方式的志愿者普遍睡眠质量更好、血压更低且整体血糖水平更健康。研究中，一组年龄在 40 到 60 岁、具有至少一项心脏病风险因素的人被分为了两类： 70 个 “百灵鸟” 和 64 个 “夜猫子”。在三个月间，一部分人几乎每天都在符合生物钟的时间锻炼，而另一部分人则相反。The findings suggested that forcing a 5am workout on a night owl didn't give great results. Why? The researchers say because the body clock affects hormone and energy levels across the day, which in turn, could influence exercise performance and adherence.研究结果表明，强迫一个 “夜猫子” 在清晨五点锻炼并没有带来很好的效果。这是为什么呢？研究人员解释说，这是因为生物钟会影响人全天的激素和能量水平，进而影响运动表现和对锻炼计划的坚持。

The tradition of sending greeting cards has withstood the rise of digital communication. Though often inexpensive, cards can convey our thoughts and emotions. Their rich history spreads over centuries of civilisations across the world, building a culture of card giving along its way.发送贺卡的传统经受住了数字通信的兴起。 尽管卡片通常很便宜，但它可以传达我们的想法和情感。 他们丰富的历史在世界各地传播了几个世纪的文明，一路建立了一种卡片赠送文化。It was written in a 2011 edition of Souvenirs, Gifts, & Novelties that since the earliest days of written interaction, special occasions such as birthdays and seasonal celebrations have been recognised through handwritten notes and letters. Ancient Egyptians wrote scrolls. In China, wishes of good fortune were sent in decorative red envelopes around Chinese New Year. And similarly, cards featuring classical Persian poetic verse written in calligraphy were exchanged. These gestures paved the way for the culture of greeting cards.2011 年版《纪念品、礼物和新奇事物》中写道，自书面互动最早以来，生日和季节性庆祝活动等特殊场合就通过手写便条和信件来识别。 古埃及人写了卷轴。 在中国，农历新年期间，人们会用装饰性的红包来寄出好运的祝福。 同样，还交换了以书法书写的古典波斯诗句卡片。 这些手势为贺卡文化铺平了道路。Before the printing revolution of the 15th century, only those with lots of money would write cards. Since then, they have become more accessible, meaning more people could communicate from a distance. As industrialisation continued to sweep through the 19th century, sending cards became a widespread practice.在 15 世纪印刷革命之前，只有那些有钱的人才会写卡片。 从那时起，它们变得更加容易访问，这意味着更多的人可以进行远距离交流。 随着工业化继续席卷整个 19 世纪，寄贺卡成为一种普遍的做法。During the Victorian period, greeting cards became quite elaborate in design. They were adorned with lace, ribbon, and intricate illustrations. The cards themselves became keepsakes, treasured for their beauty and sentiment. Nowadays, we see a variety of designs. Most cards still leave a blank space inside for a handwritten message. Some cards can even be designed online to include pictures of loved ones, adding a more personal touch.在维多利亚时期，贺卡的设计变得相当精致。 它们装饰着花边、丝带和复杂的插图。 这些卡片本身就成了纪念品，因其美丽和情感而被珍惜。 如今，我们看到了各种各样的设计。 大多数卡片内部仍留有空白以供手写信息。 有些卡片甚至可以在线设计，包含亲人的照片，增添更多的个人风格。According to Ken Research, from 2024 the global greeting card market was valued at around $19 billion. With that, and increasing concerns about the environment, many manufacturers are changing how they make their cards. They're using recycled and other environmentally friendly materials, like bio-degradable glitter and paper made from sustainable plant fibres like bamboo. So, we can continue our kind tradition of card giving without harming the planet.根据 Ken Research 的数据，从 2024 年起，全球贺卡市场价值约为 190 亿美元。 随着这一点，以及对环境的日益关注，许多制造商正在改变他们的卡片制造方式。 他们使用回收材料和其他环保材料，例如可生物降解的闪光材料和由竹子等可持续植物纤维制成的纸张。 因此，我们可以在不伤害地球的情况下继续我们赠送卡片的善良传统。

All women who come here, who don't have legal papers and don't know anyone,所有来这里的女性可能没有合法的身份证件，也可能不认识任何人，regardless if they have a high school diploma or even a Ph.D, they start braiding hair until they can do something else.不管她们是高中生还是博士，在学会做别的事情之前都会来这里编辫子。I was a shopkeeper in Burkina Faso. I used to buy goods there and sell them to my African sisters here.我是布基纳法索的一名店主。过去，我常在这里买东西，然后卖给这里的非洲姐妹们。When I would come in their hair salons, it was always busy with clients waiting.每次我来她们的发廊，总是生意红火，还要排队。First, I didn't know how to weave. So, they taught me how to finish the ends.起初，我不知道怎么编发。他们教我如何完成编发的收尾工作。At the end of the day, they sometimes gave me 100 dollars to 200 U.S. dollars.一天下来，我会得到100美元到200美元的报酬。I thought, 'There's money to be made here.' You look beautiful!我想，这里是可以赚钱的。你看起来很美！It's not easy for us. The government is asking us for licenses. Many women hide because they do not have the license.做生意对我们来说不容易。政府要求我们出具营业执照。许多女性因为没有执照躲起来。It started three years ago, where the African-American salon owners decided to go to the Maryland House of Delegates and have them (not) pass a law that would make the braider go to school for 1500 hours.三年前，非裔美籍沙龙老板决定前往马里兰州众议院，阻止一项法案的通过——该法案要求编发师必须接受1500小时的培训才能执业。Of course, it didn't make any sense to anybody. We decided to, we walked around and mobilized with phone calls everywhere to everybody to show we could get.当然这个法律没有任何意义。我们决定去游说，还到处打电话动员所有人，告诉他们我们的技能。We presented our case to the delegate. At the end, they were like, 'Oh, we don't know what is that. What is braiding? We don't know what it is.' Because I mean, they really didn't have no idea.我们向代表陈述了我们的情况。最后，他们说，‘哦，我们不知道那是什么。什么是编发？我们完全不了解。’我想他们是真的不知道。We decided not to do the bill because it would have foreclosed a lot of economic opportunity for immigrants.我们决定不通过这项法案，因为它会剥夺许多移民的经济机会。We were trying to regulate something that we really didn't understand.我们试图控制一些自己并不了解的东西。The cultural, the techniques, the safety procedures that are put in, that really make this type of regulation unnecessary based on the conversations that I had at that town hall, which was tremendously enlightening and invigorating, frankly.根据我在市政厅的谈话，文化、技术以及安全程序的投入确实使这类规定毫无必要，坦率地说，这极具启发性且鼓舞人心。The only place, where we are able to actually come together as African-American Africans, is the braiding shop.编发店是非裔美国人唯一能真正走到一起的地方。And the only place where, as Africans, we can actually have the opportunity to educate African-Americans about our culture, about who we are.我们作为非洲人，在编发店可以让新来的非裔美国人介绍自己的文化，让他们了解我们是谁。So, by actually doing the braiding, I feel like the braiding shop is a place where people, who come newly from Africa, is a place where they can come and get used to the American culture. 我认为，对于刚从非洲到美国的人来说，他们可以来编发店适应美国文化。

Years ago Jamila Larson saw hundreds of children were living in homeless shelters in Washington D.C. So she decided to seek it for herself.几年前，贾米拉·拉森(JamilaLarson)看到数百名儿童住在华盛顿特区的收容所受罪，于是她决定亲自去一探究竟。I really wasn't prepared for what I saw. I saw half-dressed children in the hallway with no toys, rows of metal bunk beds, sheets for doors, no screens on the windows.我真的没做好心理准备去面对我所看到的一切。走廊里站着衣衫不整的孩子，没有玩具，只有成排的金属双层床，门帘是床单做的，窗户上连纱窗都没有。And I asked the women giving me a tour doesn't anyone ever donate toys, thinking that my co-workers and I could do a toy drive for the holidays.我问带我参观的女士是否有人捐赠过玩具，想着我和同事们可以在假期发起一次玩具募捐活动。So I was told yes sometimes people donate toys but we keep them in a closet. So the kids won't make a mess.我听说，有时人们会捐赠玩具，但收容所会把它们放在壁橱里，这样孩子们就不会弄得一团糟。So that's when I learned that it wasn't actually going to be helpful for us to donate toys, that we literally needed to donate ourselves.就在那时我才明白，捐赠玩具对孩子们不能起到任何帮助，我们真的需要捐出的是自己的爱心。In 2003, Larson decided to help to start a non-profit organization called Playtime Project.2003年，拉森决定帮助创办一个名为Playtime Project的非营利组织.Each partner with homeless shelters provide fun activities and playrooms for children.每家与无家可归者收容所合作的机构都为儿童提供趣味活动和游戏室。It's supported by private donations and the help of 200 volunteers a week.项目依靠私人捐赠以及每周200名志愿者的帮助来维持。Ultimately we are trying to really stop the cycle of homelessness, give these kids who are experiencing a variety of different stresses in their lives.最终，我们真正想要做的是终止无家可归的恶性循环，为那些生活中承受着各种不同压力的孩子们提供帮助。For some of them homelessness is not the only issue that they are dealing with.对他们中的一些人来说，无家可归并非他们面临的唯一问题。Some of them are dealing with domestic violence, a variety of different things.他们中的一些人正在应对家庭暴力等各种不同的问题。And so having an opportunity for them to have a space that they can kind of call their own, where they know it's safe,给他们一个可以称得上是自己的空间，在那里他们知道是安全的，they know the people there care about them, they are able to put their you know stresses aside and just simply be children and play.知道那里的人关心他们，能够放下压力，单纯地做孩子、尽情玩耍。Playtime Project offers about 700 homeless children games that help them learn and develop and trips to museums, amusement parks and baseball games.Playtime Project为大约700名无家可归的儿童提供了有助于学习和成长的游戏，并组织他们参观博物馆、游乐园以及观看棒球比赛。Participants say the nonprofit fulfills needs greater than many people know.参与者表示，这家非营利组织满足的需求比很多人所知道的还要多。There are a lot of homeless kids in Washington D.C. A lot of people don't even know half the stuff they go through.华盛顿特区有很多无家可归的孩子。很多人甚至不知道他们经历了什么。These kids are very fortunate here. When I leave them there, I'm confident that one of these volunteers are gonna to talk to them about being whatever they want to be.这些孩子在这里很幸运。当我离开他们时，我确信会有志愿者和他们谈论成为他们想成为的任何人的话题。I got my mind through it and it's like don't worry about it. I ain't never seen men like these before. We play football, flat football, basketball; we do math, science. 我想明白了，在这里我好像不用担心。我以前从没见过像他们这样的人。我们踢足球，打橄榄球，打篮球，学习数学和科学。

I have always like being outdoors ever since I was a little kid.我从小就喜欢户外活动。It's always been like foraging, you know, just kind of goes along with that, and just like learning about what the plants are and what you can eat.这就像觅食一样，自然而然了解到这些植物是什么，以及哪些可以食用。Reading this Native American ethnobotany book, I was just looking up what tribes lived in this region, and what plants they used for what.读这本美洲原住民族民族植物学书籍时，我刚刚查阅了哪些部落曾居住在这一地区，以及他们使用哪些植物来做什么。So I was looking for plants in Texas, and found out that Native Americans around here used yaupon, which is a their only access to caffeine.我在德克萨斯州寻找植物，发现这里附近的美洲原住民使用代茶冬青， 这是他们获得咖啡因的唯一途径。It's the only caffeinated plant native to North America. Yaupon is, it's a native shrub that grows all along the Gulf Coast here in Central Texas.这是北美本土唯一含有咖啡因的植物。代茶冬青是一种原生灌木，生长在德克萨斯州中部墨西哥湾沿岸一带。We're about as northwest as it grows, but then all along the Gulf Coast and then up the Atlantic coast to Virginia.它们大约生长在西北方向，然后沿着墨西哥湾海岸一路延伸，再沿着大西洋海岸一直到弗吉尼亚州。It's an evergreen, has a little red berries in the wintertime, and as I said, it's the only caffeinated plant native to the US.它是一种常绿植物，冬天会结出小小的红色浆果，而且正如我所说，它是美国本土唯一含有咖啡因的植物。It's very, very hardy. It's a relative of South American yerba mate, which is a really popular caffeinated beverage from South America.它非常非常耐寒。它与南美马黛茶属于同族植物，马黛茶是一种在南美洲非常受欢迎的含咖啡因饮品。Native Americans used to roast it into a really dark tea, and it has kind of a roasty smoky flavor to it. You can treat it all different ways to get all kinds of flavors.美洲原住民过去常常把它烘焙成一种真正的黑茶，带有一种烘焙的烟熏味道。你可以用不同的方式来处理它，以获得各种口味。So all the all the caffeinated teas in the world, like, you know, green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong, pu'erh, like all those teas, they all come from the same plant.世界上所有含咖啡因的茶，比如绿茶、白茶、红茶、乌龙、普洱，都来自同一种植物。They're like it's the same species of plant, and all those flavors all come from how it's grown, where it's grown and how its processed afterwards.这是同一种植物，所有那些风味都源自其种植方式、种植地点、以及后续的加工方式。So I found out you can pretty much do the same kind of thing with the yaupon too.我发现代茶冬青也可以做类似的事情。

Welcome to Story Time From Space to all of you, in school, at home or at your local library or whatever you may be.欢迎来到太空故事时间，无论你是在校、在家，还是在当地图书馆，或者在其他任何地方。Astronaut Christina Koch is reading a book about space exploration and a future mission to Mars, a book carried aboard a SpaceX rocket to the International Space Station.宇航员克里斯蒂娜·科赫正在读一本关于太空探索和未来火星任务的书，这本书由SpaceX火箭运载至国际空间站。It's a musical storybook delighting children on the ground. Hey-ho, to Mars we'll go--the rocket's on the pad.这是一本能让孩子们开心的音乐故事书。嘿哟，我们要去火星啦——火箭已在发射台上。The astronauts presentation thrilled the book's author. Christina did a fabulous job. She played with it. She sang the verses that needed to be sung.宇航员的展示让这本书的作者激动不已。克里斯蒂娜表现得非常出色，她尽情投入其中，还唱出了需要歌唱的诗句。More than two dozen books have been used for the project presented in several languages including Arabic.该项目使用了二十多本书籍，并以包括阿拉伯语在内的多种语言呈现。By astronaut Hazza AI Mansouri from the United Arab Emirates. He read the story of Khalifa and Amal traveling through space.来自阿联酋的宇航员哈扎·阿尔·曼苏里读了哈利法和阿马尔穿越太空的故事。Many astronauts are used to reading to their own children at home.许多宇航员习惯在家里给孩子读书。It's in a different location and it's a little harder because they're floating and it's a little harder to stay in the camera view and all that sort of stuff but no generally they have a really good time doing it.在太空读书是有点难的。宇航员一直处于漂浮状态，要让它们留在相机视野里有点难，诸如此类的情况，但总的来说他们玩得非常开心。A companion series called Science Time From Space shows astronauts doing science experiments.另一个项目“太空科学时间”展示了宇航员进行科学实验的过程。Here they're demonstrating how forces work in a weightless environment.他们在这里演示力在失重环境中的作用。Author Lendroth says her book like others in the program excites the curiosity of its young audience.作者伦德罗思说，她的书和该项目中的其他书籍一样，激发了年轻读者的好奇心。The idea of people pushing boundaries, of being curious about what is beyond their immediate perception. In this case on a musical journey to Mars.人们勇于突破界限，对超出自身直接感知的事物充满好奇。比如“火星音乐之旅”这项活动。The Earth's the blue dot. The Earth's the blue dot. Hey-ho, to Mars we'll go--the Earth's a blue dot. Showing young people the thrill of exploration. 地球是蓝点。地球是蓝点。嘿，你好，火星，我们的地球是个蓝点。向年轻人展示探索的激情。

Science is everything. Science is how society accomplishes being a society.科学就是一切。科学是社会得以成为社会的方式。Science is how everything gets done. It's how we move forward. It's how all our products get built and made better.科学是一切得以实现的方式。科学是我们前进的动力。科学是我们制造所有产品并使其不断完善的途径。We wouldn't be anywhere if we didn't have scientists constantly asking: How does this work? Can I make that? Can I make this better? Science is everything.如果没有科学家不断追问：这是如何运作的？我能制造那个吗？还能怎样改进？我们将一事无成。科学就是一切。Even in high school, I knew I wanted to be an astronaut, but I had no idea what it took to be an astronaut. There's no one path to get to where I am today.早在高中，我就知道自己想成为一名宇航员，但我并不清楚成为宇航员需要付出什么。其实成为宇航员没有一条固定的道路，Some people are scientists, some people are engineers, some people are medical doctors, some people come from the military,有些宇航员还是科学家、工程师或者医生，有些甚至是军人，because what we need as astronauts are people that can do a lot of different things.因为我们需要的宇航员是能够胜任多种工作的人。We need lots of diverse people and we need diversity within a single person.我很需要各种各样的人，也需要每个人具备多样性。I was actually born and raised in Houston and so, having the Johnson Space Center in my backyard always stoked that interest for me,我在休斯顿出生长大，约翰逊航天中心就在我家后院，总是激发着我的兴趣，because I was always aware of what we were doing and what was going on and I spent about six months in space in 2010.因为我一直清楚我们在做什么，也清楚发生了什么，我在2010年在太空待了大约六个月。My ride to and from the Space Station was on the Soyuz spacecraft and I was actually trained as the co-pilot on there.我乘坐联盟号运载火箭往返空间站，实际上我在空间站接受了副驾驶的培训。So, I spent a lot of time in Russia, training and understanding, learning how to fly that spacecraft.我在俄罗斯花了很多时间进行训练和学习，了解并掌握如何驾驶那艘宇宙飞船。We will wake up in the morning. Overnight, the control centers have uplinked a schedule to us and what they want us to do that day is what we do that day.我们会在早上醒来。夜间，控制中心已经向我们上传了一份日程表，他们希望我们当天做什么，我们就做什么。And it could be maintenance. It could be science. It could be rearranging the space station. It could be dealing with stowages.可能是维修、科学研究、重新布置空间站或是处理积载问题。It's just whatever the ground needs to accomplish. And so, you do a little bit of everything in space.地面中心的一切需求都是我们的任务。在空间站要做各种各样的事情。And I remember very distinctly, for about the first month that I was in orbit, I would wake up almost every night feeling like I needed to turn over.我清楚地记得，大约在进入轨道的第一个月里，我几乎每晚醒来时都感觉需要翻身。But that doesn't do any good in space and so, you just sort of shuffle around a bit and go back to sleep.但这在太空中没什么用，你只能稍微挪动一下，然后接着睡觉。Living in space is easy. Coming back, it's pretty hard. You have lots of aches and pains because you haven't walked around for a long time.在太空里生活很容易，不过回地球之后就不那么容易了。你会浑身酸痛，因为你很长时间都没有走动过了。I mean you float in space and so, we do a lot of exercises that keep us healthy, but you haven't sat down for a long time.在太空里我们一直是漂浮的，所以需要做很多锻炼来保持健康，但是很长一段时间都没有坐下来过了。So, it gets uncomfortable to sit down for long periods of time because your body is not used to it. We're still in such early stages of the human spaceflight era.长时间坐着会变得不舒服，因为你的身体还不习惯。我们仍处于人类太空飞行时代的早期阶段。We're starting off relatively slowly, but I think as time passes, we will just get more and more people and countries into space and I think, ultimately, we will be truly a spacefaring world.我们起步相对较慢，但我认为随着时间的推移，将会有越来越多的人和国家的进入太空，我认为，最终我们将成为一个遨游太空的世界。We will be going to other planets and establishing bases and other places to live. I think that is where we're going to end up. 我们将前往其他行星，建立基地和其他居住地。我认为这就是我们最终的归宿。