Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Stages of Labour explained clearly, including the 3 main stages (and an extra 4th!), as well as covering factors affecting delivery (commonly called the 3 P's) and also includes the Cardinal Movements of Labour - the movements the fetus undertakes during delivery! Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Definition of Labor1:09 Stage 1 of Labor2:49 Stage 2 of Labor3:27 Stage 3 of Labor4:35 The Unofficial Stage 4 of Labor5:03 The 3 P’s6:39 Cardinal Movements of LaborPDFs Available Here:www.rhesusmedicine.comPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Pediatric Developmental Milestones explained including specific milestones from all the way from earliest months to preschool years, with a memory tool to help make them easier to remember. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Developmental Milestone Domains1:07 2 - 12 month Milestones3:35 15 month - 5 years Milestones6:34 Developmental Milestones Memory Tool7:53 Developmental Milestones Red Flags9:37 Management of Developmental DelayReferencesGeeky Medics. Developmental Milestones. Available at: https://geekymedics.com/developmental-milestones/CHOC Children’s. Ages and Stages. Available at: https://choc.org/ages-stages/MSD Manual Professional. Childhood Development. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/growth-and-development/childhood-developmentStanford Medicine. Developmental Milestones – MedU. Available at: https://med.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/pediatricsclerkship/documents/5-Developmental-Milestones-MedU.pdfPedsCases. Developmental Milestones Chart (Updated August 2014). Available at: https://pedscases.com/sites/default/files/SNAPSHOTS_Developmental_Milestones_Chart_UPDATED_Aug_2014.pdfPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), including Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology, normal glucose homeostasis, Type 2 Diabetes symptoms as well as complications. We also cover Type 2 Diabetes diagnostic criteria as well as treatment. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Type 2 Diabetes? 0:30 Normal Glucose Homeostasis3:02 Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology5:37 Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms9:12 Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology10:17 Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis11:43 Type 2 Diabetes Treatment / Management LINK TO MNEMONICS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-XE7PiwGgE&list=PLGNSE_HvIV4t7a33bbHN1fq-j_tge0GmpLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesLean, M.E.J., Leslie, W.S., Barnes, A.C., et al., 2018. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet, 391(10120), pp.541–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1MSD Manuals, n.d. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. MSD Manual Professional Edition. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/diabetes-mellitus-dmMogensen, C.E., et al., 2016. Glucose handling by the kidney in health and disease: review of recent findings. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 25(4), pp.292–296. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4952418/Drugs.com, 2023. What is A1C? Normal vs dangerous levels, and how to lower it. Available at: https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/what-a1c-normal-dangerous-levels-how-lower-3579748/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Chronic Pain explained, including a review of pain physiology and pathways, the classification of chronic pain (ICD) as well as chronic pain relief management.Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Definition of Pain / What is Chronic Pain? 0:32 Pain Physiology and Pain Pathways 4:33 Chronic Pain Pathophysiology5:56 Chronic Pain Classification (ICD)8:40 Chronic Pain TreatmentReferencesNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (2020). Chronic Pain. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553030/International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). (2020). IASP Announces Revised Definition of Pain. [online] Available at: https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/iasp-news/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/Patient.info. (n.d.). Chronic Pain. [online] Available at: https://patient.info/treatment-medication/chronic-painTeachMePhysiology. (n.d.). Pain Pathway. [online] Available at: https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/pain-pathway/BMJ Best Practice. (n.d.). Chronic pain: Aetiology. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/694/aetiologyInternational Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), 2023. Definitions of chronic pain syndromes. Available at: https://www.iasp-pain.org/advocacy/definitions-of-chronic-pain-syndromes/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Motion Sickness, often also called Travel Sickness, explained clearly including the main causes, symptoms as well as management options including pharmacological and non pharmacological methods. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Motion Sickness?0:38 Motion Sickness Pathophysiology2:35 Motion Sickness Epidemiology 3:04 Motion Sickness Symptoms3:46 Motion Sickness Diagnosis 5:07 Motion Sickness Treatment ReferencesBMJ Best Practice, 2025. Motion sickness. [online] BMJ Best Practice. Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1034MSD Manuals, 2025. Motion Sickness - Injuries; Poisoning. [online] MSD Manual Professional Edition. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/motion-sickness/motion-sicknessPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Chagas Disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, including life cycle of T.Cruzi, pathophysiology of Chagas Disease as well as symptoms. We look at diagnostic methods and Chagas Disease treatment options. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Chagas Disease?1:18 Chagas Disease Life Cycle2:47 Chagas Disease Pathophysiology3:42 Chagas Disease Symptoms6:22 Chagas Disease Diagnosis8:07 Chagas Disease TreatmentReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2025) - “Chagas Disease”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1160?Marie, C. Petri Jr, W. A, - MSD Manual Pro (2025) “Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/chagas-diseaseWorld Health Organisation (2025) - Chagas Disease (also known as American Trypanosomiasis)”. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Dengue, including virology and Dengue pathophysiology. We also look at the 3 clinical stages of Dengue and how that corresponds with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, as well as diagnosis and Dengue treatment options. Cconsider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Dengue Virus? 0:23 Dengue Virology1:08 Dengue Epidemiology 1:35 Dengue Pathophysiology2:27 Dengue Symptoms4:10 Dengue WHO Classification (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever / Dengue Shock Syndrome) 5:02 Dengue Diagnosis7:29 Dengue TreatmentReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2025) - “Dengue fever”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1197/Omar Saeed, Ahmer Asif, Chapter 2 - Dengue virus disease; the origins, Editor(s): Adnan I. Qureshi, Omar Saeed, Dengue Virus Disease, Academic Press, 2020, Pages 9-16, ISBN 9780128182703, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818270-3.00002-3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182703000023)Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Understanding HIV and AIDS, including HIV virology, epidemiology as well as HIV symptoms (including WHO clinical classification and CDC CD4 count classification). Also covered is diagnosis and treatment including anti retroviral therapy (ART). Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is HIV? 0:28 HIV Microbiology1:36 HIV Pathophysiology2:17 HIV Epidemiology3:17 HIV Symptoms & Clinical Stages6:25 HIV Diagnosis8:00 HIV TreatmentReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2025) - “HIV in adults”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/555Mpiko Ntsekhe, MD, PhD and Jason V. Baker, MD, MSc (2022) - “Cardiovascular Disease Among Persons Living With HIV: New Insights Into Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations in a Global Context”. Available at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.057443Virology Research Services (2022) - “The Virus of the Month - HIV”. Available at https://virologyresearchservices.com/2022/09/04/the-virus-of-the-month-hiv/Waymack JR, Sundareshan V. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. [Updated 2023 May 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537293/Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. ANNEX 10, WHO clinical staging of HIV disease in adults, adolescents and children. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374293/fVirtual Mentor. 2010;12(3):202-206. doi: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2010.12.3.cprl1-1003. Available at https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/who-clinical-staging-system-hivaids/2010-03Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Gambling Disorder (Gambling Addiction or Problem Gambling) explained, a very under-recognised condition. Includes the 9 core symptoms and diagnostic criteria, as well as treatment options. Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Gambling Disorder?0:38 Gambling Disorder Symptoms1:40 Gambling Disorder Diagnostic Criteria2:16 Gambling Disorder Risk Factors3:12 Gambling Disorder TreatmentReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association Hector Colon-Rivera, M.D., CMRO, Kavita Fischer M.D., DFAPA (2024) - “What is Gambling Disorder?”. Available at https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gambling-disorder/what-is-gambling-disorderMenchon JM, Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S. An overview of gambling disorder: from treatment approaches to risk factors. F1000Res. 2018 Apr 9;7:434. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12784.1. PMID: 30090625; PMCID: PMC5893944. Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5893944/World Health Organisation (2024) - “Gambling”. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gamblingThomas SA, Merkouris SS, Browning CJ, Radermacher H, Feldman S, Enticott J, Jackson AC. The PROblem Gambling RESearch Study (PROGRESS) research protocol: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of psychological interventions for problem gambling. BMJ Open. 2015 Nov 24;5(11):e009385. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009385. PMID: 26603250; PMCID: PMC4663416. Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4663416/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Erectile Dysfunction (ED), a common problem with multiple underlying causes ranging from organic to psychogenic. Includes these causes in more detail, as well as physiology of erections, diagnosis of erectile dysfunction as well as erectile dysfunction treatment options. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Erectile Dysfunction? 0:17 Erectile Dysfunction Pathophysiology2:38 Erectile Dysfunction Causes4:10 Erectile Dysfunction Diagnosis 6:13 Erectile Dysfunction TreatmentReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2025) - “Erectile Dysfunction”. Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/213/diagnosis-approachPranau K. Panchatsharam; Justin Durland; Patrick M. Zito. StatPearls (2023) - “Physiology, Erection”. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513278/Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2024) - “Erectile Dysfunction”. Available at: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/erectile-dysfunction/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.