159.算法的六副面孔：它是如何从处理数据，变成定义我们是谁的
2026年的年度系列“算法纪”聚焦算法与媒体，第一集让我们从人文视角把算法大卸八块。大家好，我是大卫翁，"起朱楼宴宾客"是我用来记录这个大时代的播客节目。今年启动的新系列和投资没什么关系，至少表面上没有，是我在哥伦比亚大学新闻学院研究课题的延伸。这个系列想聚焦于算法驱动的社交媒体时代，对我们的信息获取、对世界的感知与认知，乃至整个社会结构，究竟产生了哪些我们还未完全意识到的深层影响。这一集是系列的第一期，也是一期单口，在后续的对谈陆续展开之前我想先搭好舞台：如果从人文的视角出发，应该如何定义算法？这期节目的骨架来自两个主视角。学术层面，是Tarleton Gillespie（塔尔顿·吉列斯皮）发表于2014年MIT论文集中的《算法的相关性》，被称为算法研究领域的"创世文献"，以六个维度完整覆盖了算法从数据输入到身份构建的全过程。感性层面，是记者Kyle Chayka（凯尔·恰卡）2024年出版的《Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture》（筛选世界：算法如何压平文化），提供了很多普通人在算法时代的切身感受。本期节目引用的其他节目、报告、论文和书目，请见文末参考资料。简明时间轴：00:46 为什么要做这个系列？02:33 第一期单口的目的，以及两个主要信源的介绍07:55 算法的定义：它不只是工具，它是一种新的"权力意志"15:59 第一个维度：包含模式（Patterns of Inclusion）26:52 第二维度：预判循环（Anticipation）35:46 第三维度：相关性评估（Evaluation of Relevance）42:11 第四维度：客观性的承诺（Objectivity）47:36 第五维度：与实践的纠缠（Entanglement）59:15 第六维度：计算出的公众（Publics）参考资料：蜉蝣天地：《风霁：优化体验，还是塑造现实？平台推荐算法探秘》创业启示录：《揭秘抖音、小红书算法内幕｜算法到底怎么看内容》硅谷101：《E160｜重新理解信息茧房：为何科学研究与我们主观感受相反？》Anderson, C. W. 2011. Deliberative, agonistic, and algorithmic audiences: Journalism's vision of its public in an age of audience. Journal of Communication 5:529–547.Beer, David. 2009. Power through the algorithm? Participatory web cultures and the technological unconscious. New Media & Society 11 (6):985–1002.boyd, danah. 2010. Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites, ed. Zizi Papacharissi, 39–58. New York: Routledge.Brunton, Finn, and Helen Nissenbaum. 2011. Vernacular resistance to data collection and analysis: A political theory of obfuscation. First Monday 16 (5).Bucher, Taina. 2012. Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society 14 (7):1164–1180.Cheney-Lippold, John. 2011. A new algorithmic identity: Soft biopolitics and the modulation of control. Theory, Culture & Society 28 (6):164–181.Gillespie, Tarleton. 2012. "Can an algorithm be wrong?" Limn 2.Gillespie, Tarleton, and Hector Postigo. 2012. "Five more points." Culture Digitally, May 4.Gitelman, Lisa, and Virginia Jackson. 2013. Introduction. In "Raw Data" Is an Oxymoron, ed. Lisa Gitelman, 1–14. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Goffey, Andrew. 2008. Algorithm. In Software Studies: A Lexicon, ed. Matthew Fuller, 15–20. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Grimmelmann, James. 2010. Some skepticism about search neutrality. In The Next Digital Decade: Essays on the Future of the Internet, ed. Berin Szoka and Adam Marcus, 435–459. Washington, DC: TechFreedom.Introna, Lucas, and Helen Nissenbaum. 2000. Shaping the Web: Why the politics of search engines matters. Information Society 16 (3):169–185.Ito, Mizuko. 2008. Introduction. In Networked Publics, ed. Kazys Varnelis, 1–14. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Light, Jennifer. 1999. When computers were women. Technology and Culture 40 (3):455–483.Longford, Graham. 2005. Pedagogies of digital citizenship and the politics of code. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 9 (1):68–96.Marshall McLuhan, 《理解媒介》Morozov, Evgeny. 2011. "Don't be evil." The New Republic, July 13.Pariser, Eli. 2011. The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. New York: Penguin Press.Pasquale, Frank. 2009. "Assessing algorithmic authority." Madisonian.net, November 18.Rieder, Bernhard. 2012. "ORDER BY column_name: The relational database as pervasive cultural form." Presented at The Lived Logics of Database Machinery conference, London.Smythe, Dallas. 2001. On the audience commodity and its work. In Media and Cultural Studies: KeyWorks, ed. Meenakshi Durham and Douglas Kellner, 253–279. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Stalder, Felix, and Christine Mayer. 2009. The second index: Search engines, personalization and surveillance. In Deep Search: The Politics of Search beyond Google, ed. Konrad Becker and Felix Stalder, 98–115. London: Transaction Publishers.Striphas, Theodore G. 2010. "How to have culture in an algorithmic age." Differences and Repetitions, July 13.Tushnet, Rebecca. 2008. Power without responsibility: Intermediaries and the First Amendment. George Washington Law Review 76 (4):986–1016.van Couvering, Elizabeth. 2007. Is relevance relevant? Market, science, and war: Discourses of search engine quality. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12 (3).van Couvering, Elizabeth. 2010. "Search engine bias: The structuration of traffic on the World Wide Web." PhD diss., London School of Economics and Political Science.Walter Benjamin, 《机械复制时代的艺术作品》（1939修订版）Zimmer, Michael. May 9, 2007. "Google: 'Did you mean: "He invented"?'"Zimmer, Michael. 2008. The externalities of search 2.0: The emerging privacy threats when the drive for the perfect search engine meets Web 2.0. First Monday 13 (3).欢迎支持我的新书：《资产配置行动指南》欢迎订阅我的Substack频道，它是一个以英文为主的频道：hubris2025.substack.com欢迎关注我和雨白、小跑新制作的时事聊天节目《不熄灯Lights On》欢迎关注我的生活方式类节目《犬生活》，《去堪萨斯城，看一个美国人梦中的中国“伊甸园”》新上线！欢迎加入我的知识星球，我正在好好运营那一片后花园。欢迎在评论区互动，或者给我写邮件，邮箱地址[email protected]。节目BGM：The Long Way Round - Jodymoon一些Gemini生成的声音片段节目后期：大卫翁
