Jeffrey Rosen | Hamilton, Jefferson, and the Future of American Democracy

What can Canada teach us about building resilient democracies? In this episode of How to Fix Democracy , Andrew Keen speaks with Canadian award-winning essayist and novelist John Ralston Saul about the country's long democratic tradition, the role of dialogue and negotiation in managing differences, and the importance of embracing Canada's complexity. They also discuss Canada's evolving relationship with the United States, the Arctic, and the role middle powers can play in a changing world. Saul argues that sometimes the seemingly "boring" work of talking, negotiating, and finding compromises is precisely what keeps democracy together.

What makes democracy resilient? Former Minneapolis mayor and current Minneapolis Foundation CEO R.T. Rybak argues that the answer starts at the local level. Drawing on decades of experience in public services, journalism and philantrophy, he explores how civic participation, local leadership, and strong communities can strengthen democracies in times of crisis. From responding to authoritarian pressures to fostering long-term civic engagement, this conversation examines why democracy is never finished, it is something citizens build together every day.

After more than a decade of Viktor Orban's rule, Hungary has entered a new political chapter. In this episode, Andrew Keen speaks with cultural anthropologist Marc Loustau about how Orban built an illiberal state, why his political project ultimately faltered, and what Hungary's experience can teach democracies around the world about resisting authoritarianism. From the role of the European Union to the importance of broad democratic coalitions, this conversation explores both the vulnerabilities and resilience of democratic institutions.

Can democracies become more resilient by being bolder? In this episode of How to Fix Democracy, Andrew Keen speaks with journalist, author and foreign affairs commentator John Kampfner about his new book Brave New World. Drawing on research from countries as diverse as Finland, Estonia, Taiwan, Morocco, Canada and Romania, Kampfner argues that democracy's greatest challenge is not a lack of ideas but a lack of political courage. Together, they explore why resilience, imagination, and courageous leadership are essential to tackling today's biggest challenges, from housing and healthcare to digital government, education, and climate policy. Rather than dwelling on democratic decline, this conversation offers practical examples of governments that are daring to think differently, and asks what other democracies can learn from them.

What role do schools play in strengthening democracy? In this episode, award-winning author James Traub argues that civic education remains one of the most important tools for building democratic resilience. From declining attention spans and digital distractions to respectful disagreement and civic engagement, Traub reflects on what he learned from classrooms across America and what it takes to prepare the next generation of citizens.

What would the Founding Fathers make of America today? In this episode host Andrew Keen talks with constitutional historian Jeffrey Rosen about the centuries-old struggle between liberty and executive power. From Hamilton and Jefferson to Donald Trump and AI, Rosen traces how America's constitutional system has drifted from the Founders' orginal vision, and why restoring democratic resilience may require rethinking the balance between Congress, the presidency, the courts, and the public itself.

In this episode of How to Fix Democracy, we turn to Turkey to explore what democratic resilience like over the long arc of history. Joined by the political scientist Soli Oezel, the conversation traces more than a century of "bouts of freedom" punctuated by military interventions, constitutional resets, and shifting balances between state authority and popular will. From the late Ottoman period to the present, Oezel examines how Turkey's political system has repeated oscillated between openness and control, highlighting the military's historical role as both guardian and disruptor of democracy, and the more recent shift toward a fully civilian, yet increasingly liberal, political order. Despite these tensions, one constant remains: the enduring importance of elections and the deep-rooted expectation among citizens that their voices should count. The episode also probes deeper structural questions. Why have liberal democratic norms struggled to take hold? How do state-centric traditions, nationalism, and unresolved identity questions, particularly around the Kurdish issue, shape political life? And what explains the persistence of democratic aspirations even under pressure? At its core, this conversation challenges a common assumption: that democracy's resilience is primarly institutional or cultural. Instead, Oezel argues that it hinges on something more tangible, whether democratic systems deliver economic security, opportunity, and a sense of fairness. When they do, they build legitimacy; when they don't, they risk erosion from within.

Poland's story is often told as a triumph of democracy, but it's far from over. In this episode, author, activist and journalist, Konstanty Gebert reflects on a lifetime spent confronting authoritarianism, from underground activism in the 1970s to the rise of Solidarity and the fall of communism. But victory brought new challenges: how do you transition from unity against oppression to the compromises democracy requires? This episode examines the paradox at the heart of democratic resilience: the same forces that unite people in resistance can later divide them in freedom. As new threats emerge, from populism at home to Russia abroad, Poland's experience offers urgent lessons for democracies everywhere.  

As trust in political institutions fades, who really holds power in democracy? Helene Landemore argues that elite decision-making has left democracies less responsive and less resilient. In this episode she joins Andrew Keen to explore how citizen assemblies, broader participation, and new approaches to governance could reshape the future of democratic life.

As How to Fix Democracy opens its seventh season on democratic  resilience, host Andrew Keen welcomes Maury Giles, the new CEO of Braver Angels, for a candid conversation about whether American democracy can withstand what Giles calls the "industrial outrage complex." In a year marking the nation's 250th anniversary, Giles argues that resilience is not something institutions deliver from above, but something citizens practice from below.  Drawing on his experience leading one of the country's largest cross-partisan civic movements -and on the lived reality of raising a political divided family of ten- he makes the case for "courageous citizenship", the discipline of choosing to act rather than react.  Together Keen and Giles explore why polarization in 2026 may feel more toxic than a decade ago, how performative politics and social media have eroded trust, and why dialogue alone is no longer enough without collaborative local action. They confront hard questions about government incentives, declining institutional trust, and whether putting down our devices might be a precondition for rebuilding civic culture. Yet the tone remains cautiously hopeful: if the pain of division is finally high enough, Americans may be ready to change. In the end, this episode suggests that democratic renewal will not come from one side defeating the other, but from citizens rediscovering their agency, and practicing resilience as a daily civic habit.