Conjunctivitis Confusion in Kids

When a rare disease suddenly dominates headlines, questions spread quickly and so does anxiety. Over the past few weeks, hantavirus has re-entered the national conversation, leaving many families wondering how concerned they should be. For pediatricians, moments like this can be challenging as they balance public concern with clinical reality, and help families navigate information that is often incomplete, alarming or misleading. In this episode, we take a closer look at hantavirus through an evidence-based pediatric lens including what it is, how transmission occurs, who is truly at risk and what clinicians should know when these questions inevitably enter the exam room.  To create clarity, we are joined by Samuel Dominguez, MD, PhD and Justin Searns, MD. Dr. Dominguez is the Medical Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, as well as the Associate Medical Director of Infection Control and Prevention at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Searns specializes in pediatric infectious diseases and hospital medicine. Both of these experts teach at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.  Some highlights from this episode include: Differentiating the types of hantaviruses based on rodent and region  Outlining the current status of the cruise ship outbreak  Tips and tricks for talking with worried families  The potential impact on patients   For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

Pediatric urinary tract infections, or UTIs, don't always follow a script. While they're one of the most common diagnoses, they're also one of the most nuanced. They can be subtle, inconsistent and easy to over — or under — diagnose. Aside from clear urinary symptoms, they can show up as a fever without a source, vague abdominal pain, new incontinence or a child who simply isn't acting like themselves. And in those moments, the decisions pediatricians make such as who to test, how to collect a sample or how to interpret results, carry real clinical weight. To dive into this topic, we are joined by Kevin Olson, PA, and Meghan Rommel, NP, who practice in the Department of Pediatric Urology at Children's Hospital Colorado. Some highlights from this episode include: The challenges of diagnosis and the importance of getting it right  How UTIs present differently across ages   When to use antibiotics versus when more discovery is needed  Approaching recurrent UTIs in children  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

  Genetic testing is no longer a distant, specialized tool reserved for rare disease clinics or academic centers. It's showing up in pediatric practice. For example, pediatricians are increasingly considering genetic diagnoses in children with developmental delays outside the normal range. A NICU graduate may already carry a genetic diagnosis when they see their pediatrician after discharge. What does the practicing pediatric provider need to understand about ordering and interpreting genetic tests?  In this episode, we unpack how community pediatricians can make sense of the world of genomics. Joining us for this robust conversation are Austin Larson, MD, and Margarita Saenz, MD. Dr. Larson is a pediatric medical and biochemical geneticist. He is the Medical Director of Precision Medicine Clinical Informatics, as well as the Director of the Mitochondrial Care Network Clinic at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Saenz specializes in clinical genetics and dysmorphology. She is the Medical Director of Precision Medicine Education and Family Engagement. They both are faculty members at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Some highlights from this episode include: Recent advances making genetic testing more accessible to patients  How the rise of exome and genome sequencing has changed the diagnostic approach in pediatrics  Secondary findings and how they should be discussed in advanced Practical advice for a pediatrician who feels overwhelmed to order and interpret these tests  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

It's one of the most common calls you'll get as a pediatrician, and one of the fastest infections to spread through a classroom. A pink eye shows up and suddenly the questions follow: Is it contagious? Do they need drops? Can they go back to school? Pink eye seems like a simple fix until it's not. From bacterial to viral to allergic, knowing what you're looking at can change how it impacts a family.  Rebecca Edwards Mayhew, MD, PhD, specializes in pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus, at Children's Hospital Colorado. She is also an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Some highlights from this episode include: Distinguishing between viral, bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis  How to consult families about contagion and school policies  Red flags that should immediately raise concerns for more serious pathology  When treating with antibiotics makes sense and when to wait and watch   For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

"Picky eater" is one of the most common labels in pediatrics and one of the easiest to overlook. But when a child's diet is shrinking instead of expanding, when meals are a source of stress instead of routine, or when growth and nutrition start to feel like a question mark, it's worth taking a second look. In this episode, we're discussing ARFID: what it looks like in clinic, how to spot the difference from typical picky eating, and how to approach these patients with a sharper clinical lens. In this episode, we are joined by Kimberly Sheffield, PhD. She is an eating disorders psychologist at Children's Hospital Colorado, as well as the Clinical Director of Pediatric Mental Health Institute (PMHI) day programs, and the Associate Training Director for Psychology Training.  Some highlights from this episode include: Specific growth or nutrition patterns that should raise suspicion of ARFID Treatment options pediatricians can manage in clinic  Overlap between ARFID and neurodiversity   Patterns to look for in certain age groups  This episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent is Colorado's largest credit union serving more than 550,000 members at 60 service centers across the Front Range. Ent generously responded to Children's Colorado's State of Emergency for pediatric mental health in 2021 and is pleased to support this episode. Visit ent.com, insured by NCUA.  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

A toddler takes their first bite of peanut butter and breaks out in hives. A parent sits across from you, equal parts frightened and overwhelmed, asking the question you hear every day, "What happens now?" Food allergies have long lived at the intersection of fear and uncertainty, for families and clinicians alike. But that story is changing. A landscape once defined by strict avoidance is rapidly evolving into proactive management, personalized risk assessment, and emerging therapies that are reshaping outcomes. In this episode, we step into that evolving world. From early introduction and updated diagnostic strategies to the expanding role of oral immunotherapy and biologics, we'll unpack what's here, what's coming, and what it means for how you care for patients in real time.   Two allergy experts, David Fleischer, MD, and Allison Hicks, MD, join us for this episode. Dr. Fleischer is the Section Head of Allergy and Immunology, as well as the Director of the Allergy and Immunology Center at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Hicks is the Director of Food Immunotherapies. They both teach at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Some highlights from this episode include: How food allergy management has evolved  The biggest misconceptions about food allergies  The latest guidelines on early, consistent introduction to different foods  What the current treatment options look like and the role of the pediatrician  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

Inside every one of us is a complex, evolving ecosystem influencing everything from immunity to inflammation to long-term health. This is known as our gut microbiome. The choices made early on, such as how babies are born, fed and treated, can have lasting effects. In this episode, we explore the pediatric gut microbiome: what builds it, what disrupts it and why it matters more than some may think. We're joined by gastroenterology experts Jaime Belkind-Gerson, MD, and Edwin DeZoeten, MD. Dr. Belkind-Gerson is the Director of the Neurogastroenterology program at Children's Colorado. Dr. DeZoeten is the Director of the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center. They are also professors at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Some highlights from this episode include: What influences the gut microbiome at an early age How diet influences the overall health of the microbiome  The connection between the brain and the gut  Separating fact versus fiction in probiotics  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

Every pediatric visit tells two stories. One is about the child in front of us: their growth, symptoms and milestones. The other belongs to the parent beside them, often unspoken but deeply felt. In this episode, we're talking about parental wellbeing and why it belongs at the center of pediatric care. From chronic stress and mental health challenges to resilience and support systems, a caregiver's experience doesn't stay in the background but rather shapes a child's biology, behavior and long-term health. To discuss this important topic, we are joined by Mona Amin, DO. She is a board-certified pediatrician, a mom of two and the founder of the incredible podcast PedsDocTalk, a globally recognized platform reaching over 1.5 million people.  Some highlights from this episode include: Why a parent's mental health impacts child health and development  The role the pediatrician can play in identifying parental struggles  Common misconceptions about parental mental health  Healthy boundaries between sharing details and privacy  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

A tired teen who struggles to get out of bed or a child whose growth is falling behind expectations, are familiar clinical problems, each with a differential diagnosis. Thyroid disorders are often on the differential for many common symptoms we see, yet thyroid disease rarely walks into the office announcing itself. Instead, thyroid disorders can hide in plain sight, disguised as other diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, delayed puberty, constipation or "just teenage hormones." In this episode, we've diving into the physiology, the pitfalls and the practical decisions behind pediatric thyroid care. Because when we understand the thyroid, we can protect long-term health. Maggie Chan, MD, is an endocrinologist at Children's Hospital Colorado, as well as an associate professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Some highlights from this episode include: Most common thyroid disorders in children  How to differentiate between mental health symptoms versus thyroid symptoms  When to screen and what labs to test for  Three practical takeaways to utilize in clinic  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. 

Anatomy doesn't work in silos. For example, the airway affects feeding. Feeding affects growth. Reflux affects the lungs. Suddenly, one child has three subspecialists and one very full calendar. Aerodigestive medicine lives in that overlap, and while multidisciplinary teams bring powerful expertise, primary care providers are co-managing these patients. They are fielding the "is this normal" calls. They are tracking growth, advocating for these patients and helping families make sense of recommendations. In this episode, we talked to two experts about what meaningful co-management looks like, Emily DeBoer, MD, and Todd Wine, MD. Dr. DeBoer specializes in pulmonology at Children's Colorado and is a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Wine specializes in otolaryngology and is an associate professor.  Some highlights from this episode include: Which patients benefit from multidisciplinary aerodigestive care versus traditional single-specialty referrals  How respiratory diagnoses impact patients  How primary care clinicians can support patients  Overview of aerodigestive programs across the country  For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org.