State Sovereignty in the Age of AI

How do we explain breakthroughs in international cooperation that seem to defy the odds, especially during periods of great power competition and geopolitical tension? The answer centers on social power: the capacity of transnational networks—groups of individuals who transcend national boundaries at the societal or elite levels—to champion transformational ideas that reshape global norms and move governments, without coercion or payment. This event showcases insights from "Transnational Political Networks and the Future of Global Order," a multi-year research initiative funded by the Andrew Carnegie Foundation and led by Northeastern University's Professor Mai'a K. Davis Cross. The project's core finding is that networks oriented toward the common good, operating at a global or regional scale, and pursuing transformational rather than transactional goals are consistently more likely to achieve cooperative breakthroughs. The convening brought together five key contributors to the project for a focused panel conversation running counter to geopolitical pessimism, with topics ranging from AI to human rights to Russia's war against Ukraine to environmental protection. This event was generously supported by the Andrew Carnegie Foundation.

AI is having a seismic impact on how states interact with each other. As the frontier AI labs of the U.S. and China drive innovation forward, dominate compute capabilities, and seek to control critical supply chains, smaller states are facing new challenges to their own sovereignty. What geopolitical pathways exist for states to access the benefits of AI, while still maintaining their independence? Arun Sundararajan, professor at New York University's Stern School of Business, joins the "Values & Interests" podcast for the first interview in a new series of conversations exploring the issue of AI sovereignty. Together with host Kevin Maloney, Professor Sundararajan analyzes the emerging moral, technological, and geopolitical questions facing states in the age of AI. Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" to access future episodes in the special series. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

People are rapidly losing faith in multilateral institutions. Heela Rasool-Ayub, co-director of the Power, People, and Planet Initiative at New America, joined "Values & Interests" to discuss potential pathways toward a more inclusive and responsive international system. Drawing upon her family's journey from Afghanistan to the United States and her career across the Foreign Service—at both USAID and as Director for Global Engagement at the National Security Council—Heela discusses how her values system has informed her commitment to the principle of cooperation and her ongoing work to create a more human-centric multilateral future.  Access Heela's latest report, "The Future of Multilateralism Is Up for Grabs," here: https://www.newamerica.org/insights/multilateralism-is-up-for-grabs/ Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

Can cooperation remain a source of influence in an era of growing competition? Velislava Petrova-Chamova, Bulgaria's Minister of Foreign Affairs, joined "Values & Interests" during the week of the UN General Assembly to explore the nature of power in international affairs and the importance of pragmatism when working through geopolitical issues. Petrova-Chamova details how her time as a scientist during the COVID-19 pandemic affects how she approaches her work today. From delivering tangible results for citizens to balancing principles with political realities, the conversation examines how ethical considerations inform foreign policy decisions. Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

As new technologies transform the way wars are fought, the ethical and humanitarian stakes of armed conflict continue to evolve. With the rise of cyber and hybrid warfare, as well as the development of lethal autonomous weapons systems, what has been lost in ethical thinking about war as it moves further away from human experience? How can we revisit and adapt our moral frameworks to restore the voices of soldiers, veterans, and civilian victims of warfare? This "Ethics Empowered: Leadership in Practice" discussion was moderated by Adam Read-Brown, Carnegie Council's executive editor and director of journal programming. For more, please go to: https://carnegiecouncil.co/ethics-empowered-listening-to-conflict

How has private wealth accumulation by a select few undermined both U.S. democracy and global security? Author and journalist Casey Michel joins "Values & Interests" to discuss his book, "United States of Oligarchy." Drawing on Aristotle's definition of oligarchy and the legacy of the Gilded Age, Michel argues that a small number of wealthy Americans are not only reshaping domestic politics but effectively privatizing U.S. foreign policy. From technology leaders' ties to authoritarian governments to the intersection of private investment and diplomacy, the conversation examines what happens when personal ambitions displace public responsibilities. What distinguishes today's billionaires from earlier generations of American industrialists? And how might reforms to campaign finance, taxation, and financial transparency help restore democratic accountability? Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

Freedom House CEO Jamie Fly and Carnegie Council President Joel Rosenthal interrogate why democracy is both a moral and a political principle, the regression of freedom globally, and the effects of emerging tech on political processes and institutions. What can be done to counter the rise of authoritarian and anti-democratic forces? Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

In this "Ethical Article," Kathleen Egan reviews Michael Russell Gunn's "The Brink of War." She discusses issues related to nuclear ethics in the film, which depicts the 1986 Reykjavik Summit between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. To read this article, please go to: https://carnegiecouncil.co/ethics-on-film-brink-of-war 

What does ethical leadership require in an era of polarization, institutional distrust, and geopolitical upheaval? In this episode of "Values & Interests," Kevin Maloney speaks with Noah Bopp, founder of The School for Ethics and Global Leadership, about educating the next generation for public life. Reflecting on the legacy of 9/11, the decline of civic institutions, and the challenges facing Gen Z, Bopp argues that today's young people have a strong moral compass but often lack the institutions and relationships needed to navigate an increasingly complex world. Drawing on philosophy, history, and decades of experience educating future leaders, Bopp explores the value of pluralism, good-faith dialogue, mentorship, and ethical accountability. How do we teach ethical judgment without prescribing ideology? What responsibilities do educators and institutions have in a fractured public sphere? And how can hope itself become a form of leadership? Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast

Artificial intelligence is increasingly framed as an unstoppable force that will reshape economies, societies, and even human civilization. But what if that narrative is part of the problem? In this episode of "Values & Interests," Virginia Dignum, professor of responsible artificial intelligence at Umeå University and author of "The AI Paradox," traces the interests behind today's AI race, from the economics driving it to the moral questions raised by the Vatican's recent AI document. Dignum challenges the idea that AI is inevitable, arguing that technology does not simply happen to us: It reflects deliberate human decisions about what we build, who benefits, and what kind of future we want to create. Be sure to subscribe to "Carnegie Council" wherever you stream your podcasts. Access all "Values & Interests" episodes: https://carnegiecouncil.co/values-interests-podcast