Schizophrenia

Understanding Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis), including normal sinus anatomy, causes of sinusitis as well as pathophysiology. Also features sinusitis symptoms, diagnostic criteria and sinusitis treatment (Acute and chronic). PDFs available here: Rhesus MedicineConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Sinusitis? 1:09 Sinusitis Pathophysiology2:20 Sinusitis Causes3:55 Sinusitis Symptoms5:05 Sinusitis Diagnosis6:17 Sinusitis TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesBMJ Best Practice, 2025. Diagnosis approach – rhinosinusitis. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/15/diagnosis-approach.MSD Manuals, 2025. Sinusitis – Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders. [online] Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/sinusitis msdmanuals.comRatajczak, M., Fijalkowska-Ratajczak, T., Kaminska, D., Leszczyńska, M. & Dlugaszewska, J., 2025. The importance of Gram-negative rods in chronic rhinosinusitis. Applied Sciences, 15(11), p.6108. [online] Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6108 MDPIPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Borderline Personality Disorder (also known as Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder), is characterised by strong emotional responses, unstable relationships and a disturbed sense of self. In this video we cover the symptoms (including DSM 5 diagnostic criteria) as well as potential causes, and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryFree Practice Material: https://app.wisdolia.com/learning-journey/all-cards/h1JbWDFGFLCZtYCAZkfu?showListView=true&r=DnwHGyl95QQgP3ecVSPDHrFGE0E0qB&ref=rhesusmedicineConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:What is a personality disorder? 0:00What is Borderline Personality Disorder? 0:20 Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms 0:45Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis / DSM 5 Criteria 1:49Borderline Personality Disorder Causes / Risk Factors 2:06Complications 3:12Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment 3:59LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesPriory Group, 2022. Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) treatment. [online] Available at: https://www.priorygroup.com/mental-health/personality-disorder-treatment/emotionally-unstable-personality-disorder-eupd.National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2025. Borderline personality disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder.Verywell Mind, 2025. Borderline personality disorder: Symptoms and diagnosis. [online] Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/borderline-personality-disorder-diagnosis-425174.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Borderline personality disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430883/.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

A quick and easy way to remember the Salter Harris classification, using the mnemonic SALTR.PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedicsConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesGaillard F, Silverstone L, Walizai T, et al. Salter-Harris classification. Radiopaedia.org. Last revised 11 February 2025. Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/salter-harris-classification?lang=gbPhyseal (growth plate) injuries. The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. Available at: https://www.rch.org.au/fracture-education/growth_plate_injuries/physeal_growth_plate_injuries/Levine RH, Thomas A, Nezwek TA, et al. Salter-Harris Fracture. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. [Updated 10 August 2023] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430688/Image EM/79444. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=EM%2F79444Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition.  The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

PDFs Available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/neurologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Timestamps:0:00 What is Dementia?0:47 Dementia Sign and Symptoms (Dementia Timeline) 1:12 Dementia Symptoms3:45 Alzheimer’s Disease5:29 Vascular Dementia7:03 Dementia With Lewy Bodies (Lewy Body Dementia)8:09 Frontotemporal Dementia9:23 Dementia Risk Factors11:36 Dementia Diagnosis 12:58 Dementia TreatmentReferencesNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2019. Dementia. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557444/Alzheimer's Association, 2025. What is dementia? Available at: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementiaNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2019. Alzheimer Disease. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499922/Dementia Care Central, 2025. Vascular Dementia.Available at: https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/vascular/Alzheimer's Society, 2025. What can increase a person's risk of dementia? Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/risk-factors-and-prevention/what-can-increase-persons-risk-of-dementiaWikipedia, 2025. Dementia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DementiaAlzheimer's Society, 2025. The later stage of dementia. Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/later-stages-dementiaNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2019. Dementia: Clinical Overview.  Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6689673/National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2016. Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care.  Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4827373/Lewy Body Dementia Association, 2025. Symptoms.  Available at: https://www.lewybody.org/about-lbd/symptoms/Alzheimer's Association, 2025. Frontotemporal Dementia. Available at: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/frontotemporal-dementiaNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2020. Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559286/Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterised by impairments in the way reality is perceived with associated changes in behaviour. We cover the symptoms of Schizophrenia (with delusion types), including the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis, as well as Schizophrenia treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Schizophrenia?0:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms - Positive Symptoms2:28 Schizophrenia Symptoms - Negative Symptoms2:58 Schizophrenia Symptoms - Cognitive Symptoms 3:49 Schizophrenia Diagnosis / Diagnostic DSM 5 Criteria 5:08 Schizophrenia Causes / Pathophysiology 5:53 Schizophrenia Risk Factors & Epidemiology 7:00 Schizophrenia Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2025. Schizophrenia. [online] Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia.World Health Organization (WHO), 2025. Schizophrenia. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia.National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 2025. Schizophrenia. [online] Available at: https://nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia.Wikipedia, 2025. Schizophrenia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia.Medscape, 2025. Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options. [online] Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288259-overview.Symptom Media, 2025. Schizophrenia Delusions: Definition, Types, and Treatments. [online] Available at: https://symptommedia.com/delusions-associated-with-schizophrenia-ce-course-preview/.Psycom, 2025. Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment. [online] Available at: https://www.psycom.net/schizophrenia.StatPearls, 2025. Schizophrenia. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539864/.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity is a potential life threatening condition due to excessive serotonin levels in the body. In this video we look at the symptoms, diagnosis including Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Serotonin Syndrome? 0:25 Serotonin Syndrome Pathophysiology2:03 Serotonin Syndrome Symptoms3:26 Serotonin Syndrome Risk Factors4:08 Serotonin Syndrome Diagnosis (Hunter  Serotonin Toxicity Criteria) 5:16 Serotonin Syndrome TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:StatPearls, 2024. Serotonin Syndrome. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482377/.BMJ Best Practice, 2022. Serotonin syndrome. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/991.Wikipedia, 2025. Serotonin syndrome. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a life threatening reaction to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication. In this video we look at the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, differentials (including serotoning syndrome) and treatmentPDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?0:33 Typical vs Atypical Antipsychotics 1:37 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Pathophysiology2:32 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Symptoms3:39 Risk Factors 4:52 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Diagnosis6:00 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Differential Diagnosis6:14 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Treatment 7:40 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ComplicationsLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesBMJ Best Practice, 2025. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/990.StatPearls, 2025. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482282/.Wikipedia, 2025. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Introduction - First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK107237/.MDedge Psychiatry, 2025. Identify neuroleptic malignant syndrome with FEVER. [online] Available at: https://www.mdedge.com/psychiatry/article/60368/identify-neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome-fever.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

In this video we explain the most commonly used sections (Sections 2,3,4,5(2), 5(4), 135 and 136) of the Mental Health Act, including their purpose, duration and professions involved in them.PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is the Mental Health Act?0:45 Keep In Mind1:29 Section 2 - Assessment2:20 Section 3 - Treatment3:16 Section 43:31 Holding Power - Section 5 (2) 4:00 Holding Power - Section 5 (4) 4:17 Section 135 & 136 LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:Mind, 2025. About sectioning. [online] Available at: https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/legal-rights/sectioning/about-sectioning/.Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Foundation Trust, 2025. Commonly used sections of the Mental Health Act 1983. [online] Available at: https://www.shsc.nhs.uk/service-users-and-carers/commonly-used-sections-mental-health-act-1983.Wikipedia, 2025. Mental Health Act 1983. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_Health_Act_1983.Geeky Medics, 2023. The Mental Health Act (MHA) | Summary. [online] Available at: https://geekymedics.com/the-mental-health-act-mha/.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), previously known as Attention Deficit Disorder. We look at the ADHD symptoms, diagnosis (including criteria) and the treatment options. PDFs available here:  https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? 0:20 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms 2:29 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Complications3:15 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pathophysiology4:01 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Causes4:53 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis (DSM 5 Criteria) 5:48 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:BMJ Best Practice, 2025. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/814.Wikipedia, 2025. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder.Inflow, 2022. Emotional dysregulation and ADHD: why you feel 'too much'. [online] Available at: https://www.getinflow.io/post/emotional-dysregulation-adhd-signs.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441838/.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Presenting ADHD Symptoms, Subtypes, and Comorbid Disorders in Clinically Referred Adults with ADHD. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948439/.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is characterised by alternating periods of depressive symptoms and elevated mood, termed either hypomania or mania. We cover the different types of bipolar disorder, the criteria for diagnosis and treatment options. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryFree Practice Material: https://app.wisdolia.com/learning-journey/all-cards/rlEkoudd56tl7ILuiiVK?showListView=true&r=DnwHGyl95QQgP3ecVSPDHrFGE0E0qB&ref=rhesusmedicineConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Bipolar Disorder?0:33 Bipolar Disorder - Depression1:10 Bipolar Disorder - Mania vs Hypomania2:14 Bipolar Disorder Classification - (Bipolar Disorder 1 vs Bipolar Disorder 2 vs Cyclothymia) 3:15 Epidemiology and Risk Factors4:22 Bipolar Disorder Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNational Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 2025. Bipolar Disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder.Psycom Pro, 2025. Bipolar Disorder. [online] Available at: https://pro.psycom.net/assessment-diagnosis-adherence/bipolar-disorder.National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2025. Bipolar Disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder.Wikipedia, 2025. Bipolar disorder. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder.Verywell Mind, 2025. Will My Child Inherit My Bipolar Disorder?. [online] Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/will-my-child-inherit-my-bipolar-disorder-380477.Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.