Chronic Cough Causes and Treatment (With Red Flag Symptoms)

Understanding Myasthenia Gravis, including pathophysiology and causes. Also features Myasthenia Gravis symptoms (and crisis!), as well as diagnosis and treatment. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Myasthenia Gravis?0:19 Myasthenia Gravis Pathophysiology1:38 Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms3:44 Myasthenia Gravis Causes4:30 Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis 6:15 Myasthenia Gravis TreatmentReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/238National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravisRubin, M - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/peripheral-nervous-system-and-motor-unit-disorders/myasthenia-gravisMyasthenia Gravis Foundation Of America - “Cautionary Drugs”. Available at https://myasthenia.org/living-with-mg/mg-emergency-preparedness/cautionary-drugs/Phillips, D. W (2016) - “Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: update on disease types, models, and mechanisms**”.** Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4926737/MyastheniaGravis.Com - Available at https://myasthenia-gravis.com/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Functional Neurological Disorder or FND explained, including common  symptoms, risk factors and diagnostic criteria. Also includes FND treatment as well as distinguishing features from other conditions. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Functional Neurological Disorder? 0:40 Functional Neurological Disorder Symptoms1:52 Functional Neurological Disorder Causes and Risk Factors 3:00 Functional Neurological Disorder Diagnosis 4:43 Functional Neurological Disorder DSM V Criteria5:20 Functional Neurological Disorder Treatment Links to FND Resources:https://fndhope.org/https://neurosymptoms.org/en/ReferencesBMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Functional neurological and somatic symptom disorders”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/989Prof. J. Stone - Neurosymptoms (2021) - Available at https://neurosymptoms.org/en/S. C. Lidstone, R. Araújo, J. Stone, B. R. Bloem (2020) - “Ten myths about functional neurological disorder”. Available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ene.14310Selma Aybek, David L Perez, **(2022) - “Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder”. Available at https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj.o64National Institution of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2024) - “Functional Neurologic Disorder”. Available at https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/functional-neurologic-disorderPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, including cases, pathophysiology, main symptoms as well as diagnosis and treatment. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Croup? 0:32 Croup Pathophysiology1:08 Croup Symptoms1:56 Croup Diagnosis2:34 Croup TreatmentReferences:Bhatia, R - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Croup”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/croupClinical Knowledge Summaries (2022) - “Croup”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/croup/BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Croup”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/681Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Vertigo explained, including a way to easily remember the causes of Vertigo, as well as the different symptoms associated and the HINTS exam. Also covers vertigo pathophysiology, as well as the different treatment options for vertigo.Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Vertigo? 1:11 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo2:52 Vestibular Migraine3:52 Meniere’s Disease5:15 Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness6:59 Vestibular Neuritis8:17 Posterior Circulation Stroke9:24 HINTS Examination Central vs Peripheral VertigoReferences:Kaylie D, M - MSD Manual Pro (2022) - “Dizziness and Vertigo”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-ear-problems/dizziness-and-vertigoHamiter, M - MSD Manual Pro (2023) - “ Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigoLilien, V - The British Medical Journal (2019) - “Vestibular migraine”. Available at https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4213.fullMeniere’s UK - “Migraine Associated Vertigo”. Available at https://www.menieres.org.uk/information-and-support/symptoms-and-conditions/migraine-associated-vertigoHohnen, H - Geeky Medics (2020) - “The Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew (HINTS) Examination”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/the-head-impulse-nystagmus-test-of-skew-hints-examination/Practical Neurology (2016) - “Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness”. Available at https://pn.bmj.com/content/18/1/5Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2023) - “Ménière's disease”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/menieres-disease/Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2023) - “Vestibular neuronitis”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/vestibular-neuronitis/Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Summaries of both Bronchiolitis and Viral Induced Wheeze featuring the key points, as well as the main differences between them. Includes pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment for each. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Bronchiolitis Pathophysiology and Causes1:10 Bronchiolitis Symptoms2:25 Bronchiolitis Treatment03:13 Viral Induced Wheeze Pathophysiology and Causes4:02 Viral Induced Wheeze Symptoms5:07 Viral Induced Wheeze Treatment5:44 Important Differentials ReferencesBhatia, R - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Bronchiolitis”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/bronchiolitisNICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2024) - “Cough - acute with chest signs in children”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/cough-acute-with-chest-signs-in-children/diagnosis/diagnosis-of-cause/Zaininger, P - Geeky Medics (2024) - “Viral Induced Wheeze and Asthma”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/viral-induced-wheeze-and-asthma/Snelson, E - RCEM Learning (2024) - “Coughing, Wheezy and Stridulous Children”. Available at https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/coughing-wheezy-and-stridulous-children/Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia - “Heart Failure in Children”. Available at https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/heart-failure-childrenPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Osteoarthritis, including pathophysiology, most common symptoms of Osteoarthritis, diagnosis with a mnemonic on X Ray findings as well as Osteoarthritis treatment options. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Osteoarthritis? 0:17 Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology1:54 Osteoarthritis Symptoms 3:38 Osteoarthritis Causes and Risk Factors4:48 Osteoarthritis Diagnosis5:45 Osteoarthritis TreatmentReferencesYaseen, K - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Osteoarthritis”. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/joint-disorders/osteoarthritis-oaBMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Osteoarthritis”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/192?q=OsteoarthritisWatson, A - Geeky Medics (20233) - “Hip Anatomy”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/hip-jointDahbi, R - Radiopaedia (2020) - “Osteoarthritis (Mnemonic)”. Available at https://radiopaedia.org/articles/osteoarthritis-mnemonicPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. #medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) explained, including GBS pathophysiology and causes, symptoms and how they vary between the GBS subtypes (e.g Miller Fisher, AMAN). Also includes diagnosis and GBS treatment. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Guillain Barre Syndrome? 0:36 Guillain Barre Syndrome Pathophysiology2:29 Guillain Barre Syndrome Symptoms4:40 Guillain Barre Syndrome Subtypes5:38 Guillain Barre Syndrome Causes6:21 Guillain Barre Syndrome Diagnosis7:50 Guillain Barre Syndrome TreatmentReferencesRubin, M - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/neurologic-disorders/peripheral-nervous-system-and-motor-unit-disorders/guillain-barré-syndrome-gbsBMJ Best Practice (2022) - “Guillain-Barre Syndrome”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/176StatPearls -Thy P. Nguyen; Roger S. Taylor (2023) “Guillain-Barre Syndrome”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532254Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Psoriasis explained, including the different types and treatment options for each. Also includes psoriasis pathophysiology, causes and aggravating factors. Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Psoriasis?0:21 Psoriasis Pathophysiology1:57 Psoriasis Causes and Triggering Factors3:42 Psoriasis Symptoms & Psoriasis Types7:28 Psoriasis Diagnosis8:10 Psoriasis TreatmentReferencesJones, C (2023) - DermNetNZ - “Psoriasis”. Available at https://dermnetnz.org/topics/psoriasisWu, B (2017) - DermNetNZ - “Drug-Induced Psoriasis”. Available at https://dermnetnz.org/topics/drug-induced-psoriasisNational Psoriasis Foundation (2022) - “Psoriasis: Causes & Triggers”. Available at https://www.psoriasis.org/causes/British Association of Dermatologists (2018) - “PSORIASIS – AN OVERVIEW”. Available at https://cdn.bad.org.uk/uploads/2021/12/29200253/Psoriasis-an-overview-update-October-2018-Lay-review-October-2018.pdfWitold Owczarek (2022) - “The role of HLA-Cw6 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis**”.** Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9661405/Psoriasis Association (2016) - “Types of Psoriasis “. Available at https://www.psoriasis-association.org.uk/media/InformationSheets/Types.pdfAmerican Academy of Dermatology Association - “Management of Adult Psoriasis with Topicals”. Available at https://assets.ctfassets.net/1ny4yoiyrqia/56bNCO2qMLxBtICdr9biM6/204ac5f5d98243e116bce0b5725b9f92/AAD-Guideline-Topical-Psoriasis-Clinical-Pathway-May-2023-Update.pdfHani, Y - (2024) - “Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/#:~:text=The epidermis, the skin's outermost layer, is composed ofRendon, A (2019) - “Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment**”.** Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471628/#:~:text=Our discussion begins by addressing the inflammatoryPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

A look at Histrionic Personality Disorder, a Cluster B Disorder in the DSM 5, including the main symptoms and traits, as well as the diagnostic criteria. Also includes treatment approach.  Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps0:00 What is a Personality Disorder? 0:22 What is Histrionic Personality Disorder? 0:55 Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms2:10 Histrionic Personality Disorder Diagnosis (DSM 5 Criteria)2:34 Histrionic Personality Disorder Causes & Epidemiology 3:24 Histrionic Personality Disorder TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesZimmerman, M - MSD Manual Pro (2023) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/histrionic-personality-disorder-hpdT,J. Torrico - StatPearls (2024) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542325/PsychDB (2024) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.psychdb.com/personality/histrionicPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), including the 9 core signs and symptoms as well as the DSM 5 criteria for diagnosis. Also includes treatment / management options. Free Practice Material:https://app.wisdolia.com/deck/k5eIx6VHKWXwmpbUZGSb?r=DnwHGyl95QQgP3ecVSPDHrFGE0E0qB&ref=rhesusmedicineConsider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is a Personality Disorder? 0:22 What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? 0:39 Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms2:36 Narcissistic Personality Disorder Diagnosis (DSM 5 Criteria)3:29 Narcissistic Personality Disorder Causes & Epidemiology 4:17 Narcissistic Personality Disorder TreatmentReferencesZimmerman, M - MSD Manual Pro (2023) - “Narcissistic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/narcissistic-personality-disorder-npdRonningstam, E - “Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Basic Guide for Providers**”.** Available at ****Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Guide for Providers at McLean HospitalPo Wenger, C (2024) - “Narcissistic Personality Disorder**”.** Available at https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/narcissistic-personality-disorderPsychDB (2024) - “Narcissistic Personality Disorder**”.** Available at https://www.psychdb.com/personality/narcissisticYu, L.L.L, Huajian, C - (2018) “The Etiology of Narcissism: A Review of Behavioral Genetic Studies”. Available at https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_16?sharing_token=8TalAHCcduvcrHiO1LQzFfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY7JlesuMlHV_YZiYCFlxHB5LfgxgMqHTxbtyuZ5Jrkn16vlsJ3o4Ybjmi6BrAeCngLOZ2-cRUzkcXhWjh5rg8kyQl63wbG19HsppBGGIdm7QPUNrT94c_9-yf6xTyhYfgs%3DPlease remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.