वेनेज़ुएला, अमेरिका और अंतरराष्ट्रीय दोगलापन। US Attack on Venezuela, and Hypocrisy in International Relations

This week on Puliyabaazi, we discuss the Venezuela crisis. While this is still an ongoing issue, we take this opportunity to discuss the power dynamics and importance of hypocrisy in international relations. Do listen in. We discuss:* Did the U.S. attack Venezuela for its Oil?* Monroe Doctrine and America’s Sphere of Influence* Does America want Greenland’s rare earth minerals?* Hypocrisy in International Relations* The usefulness of hypocrisy* The downside of pure powerplay* Authority = Power + Legitimacy* Why did China not intervene?* Trump’s desire for Nobel PrizeSubscribe to Puliyabaazi Print Magazine Here:Related Links:Anticipating the Unintended | Matsyanyaaya: Hypocrisy in International Relations by Pranay Kotasthanehttps://publicpolicy.substack.com/i/732804/matsyanyaaya-hypocrisy-in-international-relationsRelated Episodes:कैसे हुआ अर्जेंटीना का बेड़ा ग़र्क़? Lessons from Argentina’s Economic Declineचीन की विश्वगुरु हसरतें। How China plans to change the world order? Ft. Manoj KewalramaniPuliyabaazi Playlist:If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

2026 की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ। पिछले साल भारतीय एविएशन सेक्टर में काफ़ी उथल-पुथल मची रही। पहले AI171 का एक्सीडेंट और साल के अंत में इंडिगो की हज़ारों फ़्लइटो का कैंसिल होना। आखिर क्या वजह है कि दुनिया के सबसे तेज़ी से बढ़ते इस मार्केट में आज उँगलियों पर गिनने लायक खिलाड़ी ही बचे हैं? इस कहानी में नियामक संस्थाओं की क्या भूमिका रही? क्या यह मार्केट पावर का खेल ग्राहकों की जेब पर भारी पड़ रहा है? इसी पर आज की चर्चा।We discuss:* Trouble in the Aviation sector* Why are there so few players in Commercial Aviation?* Is Market Power the issue?* Impact of FDTL guidelines* How are the regulators in the Aviation sector structured?* How do Aviation regulators function in other countries?Subscribe to Puliyabaazi Print Magazine Here:Related Links:Anticipating the Unintended | India Policy Watch #2: Getting Things Right by Pranay KotasthaneIndian Express | IndiGo collapsed — and we’ll still have to fly it, because we hardly have alternatives by Anupam ManurBusiness Standard | For the sake of air safety, DGCA’s institutional design needs an overhaul by K P KrishnanRelated Episodes:भारत में एविएशन का इतिहास। The History of Aviation in India ft. Aashique Iqbalख़राब सरकारी नियमों से चंगुलतोड़ का मैनिफेस्टो। A Framework for Deregulation in India.Puliyabaazi Playlist:Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर चर्चा पुलियाबाज़ी के बारे में ही। साल का आख़िरी एपिसोड है और अभी अभी पुलियाबाज़ी पत्रिका भी प्रकाशित हुई है, तो इस मौके पर इस पत्रिका की भाषा पर भी थोड़ी चर्चा हो जाये। हिंदी में अक्सर टेक्निकल शब्दों की कमी महसूस होती है, तो अर्थशास्त्र या लोकनीति से जुड़े अटपटे शब्दों के लिए हिंदी में शब्द कैसे खोजे? इसी बात पर आज की पुलियाबाज़ी सुनिए, हमारी नयी पत्रिका पढ़िए, और अगर पसंद तो अपने दोस्तों के साथ भी साझा कीजिये।Order the Magazine Here:We discuss:* Why is it important to discuss new ideas in Hindi?Writing in Hindi* इस संवाद में आप भी जुड़िये* How to translate in Hindi?* Catching the essence* Write it the way you speak it* How will YOU translate these words?* Writing is learning* Taking liberal ideas to Hindi* Invitation to send your essays and photos for Puliyabaazi Magazine* RecommendationsPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:We, The Citizens: Strengthening the Indian Republic by Khyati Pathak, Anupam Manur and Pranay Kotasthanehttps://amzn.in/d/91lvJJGRecommendations:Speech | Balraj Sahni’s Convocation Address at Jawaharlal Nehru University, 1972Speech | 1947 - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru’s Constituent Assembly Speech | Kismat se Baazi | Tryst with Destiny in HindiShort Story | नमक का दारोग़ा | प्रेमचंदBook | Sixth of Humanity by Devesh Kapur and Arvind SubramanianPodcast | The Pakistan Experience by Shehzad Ghias ShaikhPodcast | Pakistonomy by Uzair YounusYoutube | Howtown by Joss Fong and Adam ColeRelated Episodes:भारत, एक भाषा संगम। How have Indian languages evolved? ft. Karthik Venkateshभारतीय भाषाओँ में हमारे अतीत के सुराग़. Clues to our past in Indian languages ft. Peggy Mohanहिंदी-उर्दू : इतिहास और राजनीतिकरण. Hindi Urdu Unity ft. Abhishek AvtansPuliyabaazi Playlist:Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

हमारी सरकारी स्कूलों में शिक्षा का हाल ये है की पाँचवी कक्षा में पढ़ रहे बच्चों में से केवल 34% बच्चे ही दूसरी कक्षा की किताब पढ़ पाते हैं। ऐसे में ये सवाल जायज़ है कि क्या हमारे स्कूल बच्चों को वास्तव में सीखा रहे हैं, या सिर्फ सिलेबस पूरा कर रहे हैं? आखिर हमारी सरकारी शिक्षा व्यवस्था इतनी चरमराई हुई क्यों है? आज की पुलियाबाज़ी में हम इस मुद्दे की तह तक जाएँगे यामिनी अय्यर के साथ।We discuss:* Why is education not an election issue* Shift in education policy focus over time* The education reforms in Delhi* Helping the kids who have been left behind in the class* Fixing our curriculum* Teacher accountability* Is our curriculum too ambitious?* Focus on foundational literacy* Government or Aided or Private?* Lessons for State Capacity* Supremacy of CircularsPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:Book | Lessons in State Capacity from Delhi’s Schools by Yamini Aiyarhttps://amzn.in/d/bifBLi4Related Episodes:भारत के विकास की चाबी। Accelerating India’s Development with Karthik Muralidharanसिर्फ राजनेताओं ने नहीं, भारतीय जनमानस ने हमारा संविधान पिरोया है। How Public Movements Shaped Indian Constitutionalism? ft. Rohit De and Ornit ShaniPuliyabaazi Playlist:If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inGuest: @AiyarYaminiHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

26 नवम्बर 1949 को भारत ने अपना संविधान अपनाया था। इस अहम् घड़ी को याद करने और उस समय हो रहे बदलाव को समझने का ये अच्छा मौका है। इसमें आम धारणा ये है कि संविधान को कुछ गिने-चुने अभिजात वर्ग के लोगों ने बनाया और भारत की आम जनता पर थोप दिया। लेकिन इस धारणा में कितनी सच्चाई है?इतिहासकार रोहित डे और ऑर्नित शनी अपने शोध के आधार पर इस बात का खंडन करते हैं। अपनी किताब Assembling India’s Constitution में वो बताते हैं कि कैसे अलग अलग लोग संविधान बनाने की प्रक्रिया में जुड़ रहे थे और अपनी बात संविधान सभा तक पहुँचा रहे थे। जनमानस में उत्साह इतना था कि ड्राफ्ट संविधान उस समय की बेस्टसेलर किताब बन चुकी थी। तो आईये इस पुलियाबाज़ी पर सुनते हैं संविधान की अनकही दास्ताँ। ये एपिसोड खास इसलिए भी है क्योंकि ये हमारा पहला द्विभाषी एपिसोड है। सुनियेगा ज़रूर।We discuss:* Why do people think that India’s Constitution was an elitist project?* How were the lay people engaged in this process of constitution-making?* Princely states and their engagement with the Constituent Assembly* Popularity of Draft Constitution* Why were the princely states making their own constitutions?* What were the people demanding in their letters?* How were the legislative assemblies engaging with the Constituent Assembly?* The curious case of Manipur* Critique from Madras* The challenge with Delhi’s governance* Some noteworthy contributionsPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:Book | Assembling India’s Constitution: A New Democratic History by Rohit De and Ornit ShaniSubstack | India Policy Watch #3: Is the Indian Constitution Elitist? No by Pranay KotasthaneRelated Episodes:क्या भारतीय संविधान विशिष्ट वर्ग के लिए है? Is the Indian Constitution elitist?एक जन संविधान. A People’s Constitution.Puliyabaazi Playlist:Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inGuest: @itihaasnaama @OrnitShaniHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

भारत एक ऐसा देश है जहाँ हर थोड़ी दूर पर भाषा बदल जाती है, खाना बदल जाता है और पहनावा बदल जाता है। हम नक़्शे पर तो एक हैं, लेकिन क्या हम दिलों से भी एक हैं? आज हम बात करेंगे एक ऐसे सवाल की जो आज़ादी के वक़्त भी था और आज भी हमारे सामने खड़ा है: भारत का भावनात्मक एकीकरण कैसे हो?इस मुद्दे को पहली बार 1961 में गठित एक कमिटी ने समझने की कोशिश की थी और अपने संशोधन और सुझाव उन्होंने Report of the Committee on Emotional Integration में पेश किये थे। आज की पुलियाबाज़ी में इसी रिपोर्ट पर एक चर्चा।We discuss:* Committee on Emotional Integration* Unity is not Uniformity* Hindrance to Integrity* Education as an instrument for unity* Languages and scripts* Language hegemony* A note of dissentFact Check: 01:42 Churchill did not specifically predict a 15 year expiration date on India. However, he did predict that united India would not survive without the British Empire.Related Links:Report of the Committee on Emotional Integrationhttps://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2029/mode/2upSubstack | Anticipating the Unintended: The Emotional Integration of India by Pranay Kotasthanehttps://publicpolicy.substack.com/i/178977404/india-policy-watch-the-emotional-integration-of-indiaPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Episodes:भारत की विकास यात्रा उल्टी-पुल्टी क्यों? India’s Precocious Development Odyssey ft. Devesh Kapur and Arvind Subramanianएक देश, कईं भाषाएँ, एक लिपि। Many Languages, One Script.Puliyabaazi Playlist:Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

पिछले हफ़्ते हमने बात की थी कि कैसे टेक्नोलॉजी और इनोवेशन की बदौलत कुछ देश लंबे समय तक आर्थिक प्रगति कर पाये। लेकिन, आर्थिक विकास का होना हमेशा तय नहीं होता। २०वीं सदी की शुरुआत में अर्जेंटीना तेज़ी से बढ़ रहा था, लेकिन बाद में उसके विकास का चक्का अटक सा गया। तो आइये, आज की पुलियाबाज़ी में अर्जेंटीना के आर्थिक पतन से कुछ सबक सीखते हैं।We discuss:* Background on Argentina* Economic Growth in Argentina* Colonialism: Latin America vs North America* When Argentina was an Economic Powerhouse* When did Argentina’s slide begin?* Penetration of Democracy* Extractive vs Inclusive Institution* Balance between the State and SocietyPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:Book | Why Nations Fail? By Daron Acemoğlu and James A. Robinsonhttps://www.goodreads.com/book/show/12158480-why-nations-failRelated Episodes:आर्थिक वृद्धि की नोबेल विजेता रेसिपी क्या? The Secret Ingredient for Sustained Economic Growthइंदिरा, आपातकाल और उभरता कैसरवाद। The Indira Era ft. Srinath RaghavanPuliyabaazi Playlist:If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

2025 में इमरजेंसी के 50 साल पूरे हुए, तो हमने सोचा क्यों न भारत के लोकतंत्र के इस काले प्रकरण पर भी कुछ रोशनी डाली जाये? इस बात पर विस्तार से चर्चा करने किए लिए हमारे साथ जुड़ते हैं जाने माने इतिहासकार श्रीनाथ राघवन जी। तो ये पुलियाबाज़ी सुनिए और अपने सवाल या टीका-टिप्पणी हमसे साझा कीजिये।We discuss:* Crisis in India in the late 60s* What is Caesarism?* Indira Gandhi’s Leadership* The flip-flops on economic policy* Impact of international events* Political reasons behind the policymaking* Why did we miss out on the East Asian rally?* Factors that led to the Emergency* Repealing the 42nd Amendment* Re-election despite the atrocitiesPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:Book | Indira Gandhi and the Years That Transformed India by Srinath RaghavanRelated Episodes:भारत की विकास यात्रा उल्टी-पुल्टी क्यों? India’s Precocious Development Odyssey ft. Devesh Kapur and Arvind Subramanianअटल बिहारी वाजपेयी: कवि, प्रचारक, राजनीतिज्ञ। Biography of Atal Bihari Vajpayee ft. Abhishek ChoudharyPuliyabaazi Playlist:Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

लंबे समय तक निरंतर विकास का नुस्खा क्या है? किन परिस्थितियों में इनोवेशन से प्रेरित विकास फलता-फूलता है? ऐसा क्यों है कि कुछ देश इसे हासिल कर पाते हैं, जबकि दूसरे असफल रह जाते हैं? इस हफ्त पुलियाबाज़ी पर हम ‘रचनात्मक विनाश’ की तर्ज पर दिए गए अर्थशास्त्र के नोबेल पुरस्कार के संदर्भ में इन्हीं विषयों पर चर्चा करेंगे।We discuss:* What is Aghion and Howitt’s model for growth?* Joel Mokyr’s contribution* Factors for Sustained Economic Growth* Why did India miss out?* Acceptance of change* Economic growth is not to be taken for grantedPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:About the Nobel Prize in EconomicsRelated Episodes:माहौल की महिमा। Why Narratives Matter?भारत की विकास यात्रा उल्टी-पुल्टी क्यों? India’s Precocious Development Odyssey ft. Devesh Kapur and Arvind SubramanianPuliyabaazi Playlist:If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! This post is public so feel free to share it.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर एक शानदार चर्चा दो बहुत ही ख़ास मेहमान के साथ। पुलिया पर हमारे साथ जुड़ रहे है प्रसिद्ध पोलिटिकल साइंटिस्ट प्रोफ़ेसर देवेश कपूर और भारत के चीफ़ इकोनॉमिक एडवाइज़र रह चुके अर्थशास्त्री अरविंद सुब्रमनियन। चर्चा है आज़ाद भारत की विकास यात्रा पर—किन चीज़ों में हम सफल रहे? क्या गलतियाँ हुई? इन्हें कैसे ठीक करें ताकि आगे हमारी प्रगति की राह बनी रहे? इन सभी सवालों पर खुलकर बातचीत।We discuss:* India’s precocious development journey* Elite Democracy and Caste* The negative effects of leapfrogging* Jobless growth* The Socialism of Public Sector in India* 1950-1980s: The myth of Import Substitution* 1990s Onwards: The Kamdhenu State* Nations are fragile* How do other countries address inequality?* Handling disagreements amongst co-authorsPlease note that Puliyabaazi is now available on Youtube with video.Related Links:Book | A Sixth Of Humanity: Independent India’s Development Odyssey by Devesh Kapur and Arvind SubramanianRelated Episodes:आंतरिक सुरक्षा: हालचाल ठीक-ठाक है? Internal Security in India ft. Devesh Kapur & Amit Ahujaआर्थिक सुधारों की कहानी मोंटेक सिंह अहलूवालिया की ज़ुबानी। Backstage with Montek Singh AhluwaliaPuliyabaazi Playlist:If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Thanks for reading पुलियाबाज़ी Puliyabaazi! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inGuests: @arvindsubramanHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaaziInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in