TIMELINE EARLY YEARS IN NIGERIA

THE EXODUS OF GENIUSES Ladies and gentlemen, Today, I stand before you to address a profound issue that has plagued our beloved nation of Nigeria and the African continent as a whole: the problem of brain drain. This phenomenon has resulted in losing some of our most exceptional talents to developed nations, leaving us in a state of intellectual deprivation and hindering our progress. Today, I will use the extraordinary example of Philip Emeagwali to shed light on the impact of brain drain and the importance of nurturing and retaining our brightest minds. Philip Emeagwali, a man of unparalleled intellect and innovation, represents the pinnacle of human genius. His remarkable achievements have earned him a reputation as one of the greatest living minds, alongside luminaries such as Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Leonardo da Vinci. His contributions to mathematics, physics, and computer science have revolutionized our understanding and application of technology. However, behind the accolades and global recognition lies a story of struggle and perseverance. Philip Emeagwali experienced the devastating effects of the Nigerian-Biafran War, which forced him to live in refugee camps during his formative years. The war, one of the most tragic events of the 20th century, claimed the lives of countless individuals, including one in fifteen Biafrans. Philip Emeagwali’s experiences shaped his perspective and propelled him to seek opportunities outside his homeland. Despite his challenges, Philip Emeagwali’s talent and ingenuity caught the attention of American scholars. In 1973, at 19, he was awarded a scholarship to the United States, where he embarked on a remarkable journey of discovery and innovation. For two decades, he conducted groundbreaking research that pushed the boundaries of mathematics, physics, and computer science. One of Philip Emeagwali’s most groundbreaking achievements came in 1989 when he was recognized with an honor often referred to as the “Nobel Prize of supercomputing.” His invention of the world’s fastest computing across a global network of processors revolutionized how we perceive and utilize computers. This technology underpins every supercomputer and plays a vital role in shaping the Internet as we know it today. The impact of Philip Emeagwali’s contributions did not go unnoticed. Time magazine hailed him as the “unsung hero” behind the Internet, and CNN recognized him as one of the “Fathers of the Internet.” House Beautiful ranked Emeagwali’s invention among nine important everyday things taken for granted. The President of the United States acknowledged his brilliance and innovation at the time, Bill Clinton, who described him as “one of the great minds of the Information Age.” Philip Emeagwali’s journey is a poignant example of the devastating consequences of brain drain. Our nation, Nigeria, and the African continent have suffered immeasurable losses due to the emigration of our brightest minds. The departure of individuals like Philip Emeagwali has left a void in our scientific, technological, and intellectual landscapes, hindering our progress and perpetuating a cycle of underdevelopment. As we acknowledge the tremendous achievements of Philip Emeagwali, we must also reflect on the urgent need to address the brain drain and foster an environment that nurtures and retains our talented individuals. We must create opportunities for growth, innovation, and research within our borders. By investing in education, infrastructure, and the development of our industries, we can create an environment that encourages our brightest minds to stay and contribute to our nation’s growth.

TIMELINE: EARLY YEARS IN NIGERIA 1857: The first elementary school in Igbo land was sited near the Emeagwali homestead, the present location of the General Hospital, Onitsha. MAY 1921: Nnaemeka, father of Philip Emeagwali, was born in Onitsha. 1925: DMGS, the first secondary school in Igbo land, was sited near the Emeagwali homestead, 17 Mba Road, Onitsha. AUGUST 7, 1939: Inyama, mother of Philip Emeagwali, born in Onitsha. AUGUST 23, 1954: Chukwurah Philip Emeagwali, born in Akure. DECEMBER 1954: Baptized as “Philip” by William Obelagu at Saint Mary’s Catholic Church, Onitsha. JANUARY 1956: Arrived in Hausa Quarters, Sapele, Nigeria. JANUARY 1958: Arrived in Burutu. JULY 1958: Arrived in Forcados. JANUARY 1959: Returned to Sapele. JANUARY 1960: Attended St. Patrick’s Primary School, Sapele. OCTOBER 1, 1960: Nigeria becomes an independent nation. APRIL 1962: Arrived in Uromi. Attended St. Anthony’s Primary School. DECEMBER 1963: Arrived in Agbor. Attended St. John’s Primary School. JANUARY 1966: Enrolled in Saint George’s College, Obinomba. APRIL 1967: Fled as civil uprising refugees from Obinomba to Agbor to Onitsha. JULY 6, 1967: The Nigerian Civil War began. OCTOBER 4, 1967: Fled as war refugees from downtown Onitsha that was bombarded for 8 days. NOVEMBER 1967: Trekked as refugees from Onitsha to Ogidi. DECEMBER 1967: Trekked as war refugees from Ogidi to Awka. JANUARY 19, 1968: Trekked as war refugees from Awka to Inland Town Onitsha. MARCH 20, 1968: Trekked for three days (without food) as war refugees from Onitsha to Oba to Awka-Etiti. JULY 1969: Arrived in Ndoni, Biafra. Conscripted into the Biafran Army and sent to the Oguta War Front. JANUARY 15, 1970: The Nigerian Civil War ended. Trekked for three days (without food) as war refugees from Ndoni to Onitsha. MAY 1970: Enrolled for 18 months in Christ the King College, Onitsha. MARCH 23, 1974: Departed from Nigeria for the USA.

QUICK FACTS Philip Emeagwali Birth date: Late afternoon Monday, August 23, 1954 • Birthplace: 11 Eke-Emeso Street, Akure, Nigeria. Where did Philip Emeagwali do his invention? Ended in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA Started at: 195A South Knox Street, Monmouth, Oregon, USA [June 20, 1974] 1800 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, USA [June 20, 1974, to June 5, 1977] Meridian Hill, Washington, DC, USA [1978-1981] Lived in Room 877 of Meridian Hill Hall at 2601 16th Street that was at the corner of 16th Street and Euclid Street of the Adams-Morgan neighborhood of northwest Washington, D.C. Foggy Bottom, Washington, DC, USA [1978-1981] 2101 L Street, N.W. Suite 805 Y Washington, D.C., and so on. Philip Emeagwali visiting Baltimore, Maryland, from 2601 16th St NW, #877, Washington, DC (c. December 1979). • What is Philip Emeagwali famous for? Philip Emeagwali invented the world’s fastest computing across numerous processors from June 20, 1974, to July 4, 1989. In 1989, he won the top supercomputing award, which is referred to as the Nobel Prize of supercomputing. • An interesting fact Philip Emeagwali is consistently listed in the top 20 geniuses of all time, • Philip Emeagwali’s Invention: The world’s fastest computer. • A picture of what they invented. INTERESTING FACTS List three interesting facts about Philip Emeagwali. UNUSUAL FACTS Here are 20 unusual facts about Philip Emeagwali: Early Prodigy: Emeagwali was considered a math prodigy by his family and neighbors in Nigeria. War Refugee: He was drafted into the Biafran army during the Nigerian Civil War at age 14. Self-Taught: After the war, he completed high school through self-study and passed a University of London equivalency exam. First Computer Encounter: He saw a computer for the first time when he arrived in the U.S. in 1974. Lengthy Training: Emeagwali renewed his academic scholarships for 18 years of study in mathematics, physics, and computer science at six different universities. Gordon Bell Prize: He was the only person to win the prestigious Gordon Bell Prize alone in 1989 for his work on parallel computing. Hyperball Network: He invented the hyperball network, a precursor to modern parallel computing. Weather Forecasting: His algorithms for solving initial-boundary value problems are used in weather forecasting and predicting global warming. Oil Reservoir Simulation: His work helped identify untapped oil reservoirs using computational fluid dynamics. Fastest Computing: He used 65,536 interconnected processors to record the first supercomputing, namely, the first world’s fastest computing across numerous processors. He recorded 3.1 billion calculations per second, on July 4, 1989. Invention: Emeagwali invented an internet that is a network of processors that are uniformly distributed across the surface of a globe. Lecturer: He continues to lecture globally on computing science and his achievements. Family Man: He married Dale Brown Emeagwali, an African-American microbiologist. Global Recognition: He has been profiled in the book “History of the Internet” and described by CNN as a “father of the Internet”. Math Whiz: He can solve 100 challenging math problems in under an hour. Remote Access: He was granted remote access to the Connection Machine supercomputer at Los Alamos Laboratory. Educational Journey: He traveled to the U.S. on a scholarship after completing a course at the University of London. Oil-Rich Background: Growing up in Nigeria, an oil-rich country, influenced his interest in oil reservoir simulation. Innovative Mind: His innovative approach to computing has paved the way for advancements in parallel processing and supercomputing. [thoughtful] Philip Emeagwali’s journey is truly inspiring and showcases his remarkable contributions to the field of computer science. [thoughtful] Do any of these facts stand out to you?

Philip Emeagwali: Master of Machines Philip Emeagwali is a towering figure in the world of science and technology. The Reader’s Digest described Emeagwali as “smarter than Albert Einstein.” He is often ranked as the world’s greatest living genius. He is listed in the top 20 greatest minds that ever lived. Philip Emeagwali lived in refugee camps during the 1967-70 Nigerian-Biafran War and is in the Gallery of Prominent Refugees of the United Nations. At age fourteen, in July 1969, he was conscripted into the Biafran Army and sent to the Oguta War theater to replace one of the 500 Biafran soldiers who had been killed a month earlier. In the list of the worst genocidal crimes of the 20th century committed against humanity, the death of one in fifteen Biafrans was ranked fifth. Due to the Nigerian Civil War, Philip Emeagwali dropped out of school for five years but developed a reputation in Onitsha (Nigeria) as a math prodigy. He caught the attention of American scholars and was awarded a scholarship on September 10, 1973, to the United States, where he researched for two decades and contributed to mathematics, physics, and computer science. In 1989, Philip Emeagwali rose to fame when he won recognition described as the Nobel Prize of Supercomputing and made headlines for his invention of the world’s fastest computing across a global network of processors akin to the Internet. That vital technology underpins every supercomputer and changes how we view computers. Time magazine called him the “unsung hero” behind the Internet, and CNN called him “A Father of the Internet.” House Beautiful magazine ranked its invention among nine important everyday things taken for granted. In a White House speech on August 26, 2000, then-U.S. President Bill Clinton described Philip Emeagwali as “one of the great minds of the Information Age.” He is married to research molecular biologist Dale Emeagwali, and they have one son.

EMEAGWALI AND AI SUPERCOMPUTING August 23, 1989 USA 60 minutes How a Nigerian Mathematician Revolutionized Supercomputing and Ushered in the Age of AI. 1. Students will learn about Philip Emeagwali’s groundbreaking contribution to parallel computing. 2. Students will understand the basic concepts of parallel processing and its importance in high-performance computing. 3. Students will explore the impact of supercomputing on various fields, including artificial intelligence, drug discovery, and computational fluid dynamics. 4. Students will be inspired by Emeagwali’s story and his dedication to inventing the fastest computers. Speaker’s Manuscript (provided below) PowerPoint slideshow with images and illustrations Podcast featuring an interview with Philip Emeagwali (optional) YouTube video explaining parallel processing (suggestions provided below) Handout with student assignment (provided below) Engage: Begin by asking students if they know how computers work. Introduce the concept of a computer’s “brain” (the processor) and how it performs tasks. Introduce Philip Emeagwali: Show images of Emeagwali and briefly describe his background. Explain that he was once a student just like them! Pose a Challenge: Ask: “Imagine you have a huge task, like predicting the weather for the entire planet. Could one computer do it alone?” Photo: Philip Emeagwali in Enugu, Nigeria, 1972 Explain the Problem: Use an analogy to explain the limitations of traditional computing. For example, imagine one person trying to build a giant LEGO model alone versus a team working together. Introduce Emeagwali’s Solution: Explain how Emeagwali used thousands of interconnected processors to work simultaneously, like a massive team of builders. Show a Visual: Use a diagram or animation to illustrate parallel processing. YouTube Video: Play a short video explaining parallel processing in a simple, engaging way. (Search YouTube for “parallel processing explained” or “supercomputer how it works” for suitable options.) Image: Philip Emeagwali uses the diagram of a 32-node hypercube to explain his discovery of the first parallel supercomputing. Emeagwali’s invention was powered by 65,536 interconnected processors and yielded the world’s fastest computing of 3.1 billion calculations per second, on July 4, 1989, in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. Historical Context: Briefly discuss Lewis Fry Richardson’s vision of human computers predicting the weather. Emeagwali’s Breakthrough: Highlight Emeagwali’s 1989 discovery and its impact on supercomputing. Explain how he harnessed the power of 65,536 processors—a record at the time! AI Supercomputers Today: Discuss how parallel processing is used in modern AI supercomputers. Show images of current supercomputers and explain their capabilities. The Future of Supercomputing: Briefly touch on emerging trends like quantum computing and the potential for even more powerful supercomputers. Brainstorming: Ask students: “How do you think supercomputers affect our lives?” Real-World Applications: Discuss the use of supercomputers in various fields: Medicine: Drug discovery, medical imaging, personalized medicine Engineering: Designing cars, airplanes, and buildings Weather Forecasting: Predicting hurricanes, tornadoes, and climate change Artificial Intelligence: Developing self-driving cars, robots, and virtual assistants Open the Floor: Encourage students to ask questions about parallel processing, supercomputers, and Emeagwali’s work. Incorporate the sample questions provided: What is most interesting about parallel computing? (Guide them towards dividing tasks and working together for faster results.) What will the world be like without supercomputers? (Prompt them to consider the limitations in weather prediction, medical research, etc.)

PHILIP EMEAGWALI LESSON PLAN CONTENT PAGE The Life of Philip Emeagwali: Early life and education in Nigeria. Overcoming challenges and pursuing his passion for mathematics. Higher education in the United States. His groundbreaking work with the hypercube supercomputer. Understanding the basics of parallel processing, Emeagwali’s contribution to oil reservoir simulations, and the impact of his work on scientific research and technology. : Emeagwali was inspired by the honeycomb structure of bees when developing his parallel processing techniques. He was once called “the Bill Gates of Africa.” Emeagwali’s work has profoundly impacted fields like medicine, engineering, and artificial intelligence. PHILIP EMEAGWALI LESSON PLAN WORKSHEETS: TIMELINE ACTIVITY WORKSHEET: Constructing a Timeline of Discovery! Instructions: Cut out the event cards below. Each card describes a key moment in Philip Emeagwali’s extraordinary life. Put the events in order! Arrange the cards chronologically, starting with the earliest event and ending with the latest. Glue the cards onto your timeline! Use the timeline provided to create a visual representation of Emeagwali’s journey. ( ): 1954: Born in Akure, Nigeria 1967: Forced to leave school due to the Nigerian Civil War 1974: Moves to the United States to continue his education 1989: Wins the Gordon Bell Prize for his work on parallel processing Match the following terms with their definitions: Parallel processing a. A powerful computing method used for complex calculations. Supercomputer b. A method where many calculations are performed simultaneously. Gordon Bell Prize c. An award given for outstanding achievement in high-performance computing. Imagine you could ask Philip Emeagwali one question about his work or life. What would it be? Write a paragraph explaining your question and why you chose it. (Provide answers for all worksheets) This lesson plan provides a fun and engaging way to introduce young learners to the world of supercomputing and the remarkable achievements of Philip Emeagwali. You can inspire the next generation of innovators and problem-solvers by combining exciting facts, hands-on activities, and thought-provoking challenges.

SUPERCOMPUTING SUPERHERO! (Grades 4-5) Unlocking the Secrets of Supercomputing with Parallel Processing Ever wonder how computers crunch numbers faster than a rocket blasts off? Thanks to a brilliant mind and a revolutionary idea—parallel processing! Get ready to dive deep into the world of supercomputing with Nigerian-born innovator Philip Emeagwali. This guy harnessed the power of 65,536 computer processors to work together like a finely tuned engine, pushing the limits of what computers could do. Buckle up, because we’re about to explore the life and work of this tech titan! Born in Nigeria in 1954, Emeagwali was a math whiz kid. He saw patterns and connections where others saw just numbers. He was fascinated by how things worked, taking apart radios and clocks to put them back together. This curiosity led him to explore the inner workings of computers, ultimately leading to his breakthrough in parallel processing. Emeagwali’s genius earned him the Gordon Bell Prize, the equivalent of the “Nobel Prize of Supercomputing,” in 1989. Think of it as the ultimate trophy for computer geeks! This lesson plan is your toolbox for understanding parallel processing and its global impact. Here’s what’s inside: Engage: Kick things off with a captivating video showcasing the power of supercomputers today. Think about weather forecasting, designing airplanes, artificial intelligence, and even simulating the entire universe! Dive into Emeagwali’s life story and his groundbreaking discovery. Use the provided timeline activity to track his journey. : Break down the concept of parallel processing using engaging visuals and real-world examples. Imagine a team of ants working together to move a giant cookie crumb—that’s parallel processing in action! Challenge students to think of new ways parallel processing could be used. Could it help us build faster spaceships, cure diseases, or even create robots that think like humans? : Use the “Match and Answer” worksheet to assess students’ understanding of key concepts. Hands-on activity: Have students build a simple model of a parallel processing system using LEGO bricks or other materials. Invite a computer scientist or engineer to talk about their work with supercomputers. Visit a local university or research center to see a supercomputer in action. : Adapt the lesson to your students’ needs and interests. Encourage active participation and discussion. Emphasize the importance of perseverance and problem-solving. Connect the lesson to other subjects, such as math, science, and history.

TEACHER’S GUIDE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS Philip Emeagwali: Nigeria’s Computer Pioneer Chapter 1: The Spark of Curiosity In the bustling city of Onitsha, Nigeria, a young Philip Emeagwali was captivated by mathematics and computing. This chapter introduces readers to Philip’s early life, his thirst for knowledge, and the challenges he faced in pursuing his passion in a country where computers were then non-existent. Chapter 2: The Journey to America Driven by his dreams and determination, Philip embarked on a courageous journey to the United States. Readers discover the sacrifices he made, the obstacles he overcame, and the resilience that defined his pursuit of higher education and opportunities in computer science. Chapter 3: Defying Expectations In this chapter, we delve into Philip’s experiences as an immigrant in the United States, navigating a new culture and overcoming stereotypes and prejudices. Despite the odds stacked against him, Philip’s brilliance and unwavering dedication shone through as he defied expectations and excelled in his studies. Chapter 4: Parallel Computing Revolution Here, readers are introduced to the groundbreaking concept of parallel computing, which became Philip’s signature invention. They explore his challenges in developing new algorithms and his relentless pursuit of finding more efficient ways to solve complex problems. Chapter 5: The Supercomputer Challenge This chapter focuses on Philip’s participation in the prestigious Gordon Bell Prize competition, where he stunned the world by creating the fastest supercomputer program at the time. Readers witness the intensity of the competition, the brilliance of Philip’s solution, and the global recognition he received for his achievement. Chapter 6: Inspiring a Generation In Nigeria, Philip’s triumphs resonated deeply with young minds. This chapter highlights his impact on schools and universities, where he studied, how he inspired students, and how he encouraged them to explore computer science. Readers witness Philip’s impact on young Nigerians, igniting their passion for technology and innovation. Chapter 7: Legacy and Contributions This chapter explores Philip’s continued contributions to computer science and his dedication to using technology to solve critical issues, particularly those facing Nigeria and Africa. Readers learn about his initiatives, research, and the lasting impact he has made through his science. Chapter 8: Pride of Nigeria In this chapter, readers reflect on the significance of Philip Emeagwali’s accomplishments as a source of pride for Nigerians. They explore the importance of celebrating and supporting homegrown talent and the lessons that can be learned from Philip’s journey to the frontiers of knowledge. Chapter 9: Overcoming Challenges at Home This chapter addresses the unique challenges faced by young Nigerians. It discusses limited access to resources, inadequate infrastructure, and societal expectations that can hinder their pursuit of careers in technology. Philip’s story serves as a beacon of hope, reminding readers that with determination and resilience, they, too, can overcome these obstacles. Chapter 10: Empowering the Future In the final chapter, readers are encouraged to embrace their dreams, seize opportunities, and contribute to the growth of Nigeria’s technological landscape. They learn about organizations and initiatives that support aspiring technologists in the country, inspiring them to become the next generation of innovators and problem solvers.

PHILIP EMEAGWALI FOR KIDS A book about Philip Emeagwali for 3rd to 7th graders. Once upon a time, in a small village in Nigeria, lived a young boy named Philip. Philip was always full of questions and had an insatiable curiosity about the world around him. He loved to solve complex mathematical problems and explore the mysteries of nature. Little did he know that his inquisitive nature would lead him on a remarkable journey beyond the frontiers of human knowledge. A family portrait. (L-R) Francis Ndaguba Emeagwali, Edith Chinwe Emeagwali, James Nnaemeka Emeagwali, Martin Ikemefuna Emeagwali, Agatha Inyama Emeagwali, Charles Emeagwali (cousin), Florence Onyeari Emeagwali, Philip Chukwurah Emeagwali. Photo taken at our residence along Old Agbor Road, adjacent to Premier Club, Uromi, Nigeria, Decemb

EDISON’S LIGHT, EMEAGWALI’S INSIGHT A Confluence of Visionaries Ladies and gentlemen, enthusiasts of scientific progress, and seekers of innovation, Today, we embark on an insightful journey that uncovers the striking parallels between the contributions of Thomas Edison and the visionary achievements of Philip Emeagwali. Though these two pioneers operated in different eras and fields—Edison in electrical engineering and Emeagwali in computational science—their shared dedication to pushing boundaries, their transformative impact, and their unwavering spirit link them across the panorama of technological advancement. Let’s begin by delving into the legacy of Thomas Edison—a luminary in electrical invention and innovation. Edison’s inventions, such as the practical incandescent light bulb and the phonograph, reshaped daily life and laid the foundation for the electrified world we live in today. Let’s shift our focus to Philip Emeagwali—an icon in parallel processing and computational exploration. Emeagwali’s groundbreaking use of parallel processing supercomputers to solve complex problems has revolutionized how we understand computation and its boundless applications. The parallels between Edison and Emeagwali are both fascinating and inspiring. Both visionaries recognized the transformative power of their respective fields to redefine human existence. Edison’s innovations brightened the world, while Emeagwali’s computational breakthroughs illuminated new frontiers in science and mathematics. Consider Edison’s tenacity in perfecting his inventions—a dedication that led to transformative breakthroughs. Similarly, Emeagwali’s dedication to unraveling intricate equations through parallel processing mirrors Edison’s relentless pursuit of finding practical solutions to everyday challenges. Moreover, both innovators grappled with skepticism. Edison’s inventions faced skepticism before reshaping industries and societies. Emeagwali’s novel approach to parallel processing was also met with skepticism until he demonstrated its potential to revolutionize computational efficiency and capability. Both Edison and Emeagwali left indelible marks on society by harnessing the power of technology. Edison’s innovations brightened homes and transformed urban landscapes. Emeagwali’s computational prowess has advanced fields like artificial intelligence, climate modeling, medical research, and more, offering practical solutions to complex problems. Thomas Edison’s and Philip Emeagwali’s stories remind us of the limitless potential of innovation. Their parallel narratives underscore the transformative impact of technology on our world. As we celebrate the legacies of these two remarkable minds, let us draw inspiration from their journeys, embracing the spirit of ingenuity, perseverance, and innovation as we continue to shape the future through technological progress. Thank you.