Innovations in Sustainable Finance #6: ESG Incentives and the Zone of Discretion with Tom Gosling

In this episode, I speak with Bertrand Gacon, Co-Founder and CEO at Impaakt. Impaakt is an impact assessment platform that crowdsources information from hundreds of contributors and thousands of reviewers. My favorite insights from this conversation were:I can highly recommend to try out the platform. You can explore company profiles, follow discussions, and put in your personal view of what is important and generate lists of companies or funds that are either “heroes” or “villains” given your priorities.The question of which companies have the most positive impacts on people and planet is simple. The answer is tricky. This platform relies on both paid and voluntary contributors to provide a nuanced answer.According to Bertrand, it should be us – the citizens – who decide what counts as socially responsible, not bankers, not corporations, and also not regulators because they tend to come too late. Power to the people!

In this episode, I had the pleasure of talking to Christoph Gosdenoz, partner and chairman of FairCapital. FairCapital is an impact investor based in Switzerland that specializes in financing solutions for Fairtrade cooperatives in the global south. My favorite insights from this conversation were: It’s the specific design and timing rather than just the interest rate that determines whether a loan helps a cooperative.  One of FairCapital’s innovations is to use existing purchase agreements from reliable buyers as collateral. FairCapital is open to retail impact investors at a minimum commitment of CHF 5’000. However, there is a plan for a token that would allow retail investors to become impact investors with very small amounts.

In this episode, I sit down with Sam Vionnet, the author of Impact Thinking, subtitled “Learn critical thinking skills to make better decisions that create societal value”. The book is based on 15 years of experience in consulting with multinational corporations, NGOs, and investors. Sam reveals that there are a lot of beliefs that don’t stand up to scrutiny. Rather than blindly following numbers and standards, he advocates for a principled approach that, first of all, establishes what should be measured. He presents a step-by-step framework for thinking about impact up and down the value chain and keeping an eye on trade-offs. I think the book is really helpful in assessing impact constructively and fighting greenwashing with intellectual rigor.More about the book here: https://www.valuingnature.ch/post/the-impact-thinking-book

Can you imagine voting yourself on who should sit on the board of a company you are invested in? Perhaps on your cell-phone?  In this episode, I discuss with Georgia Stewart, Co-founder and CEO of Tumelo, how their technology democratizes shareholder voting and explore the opportunities and risks that direct shareholder voting presents in the context of sustainable finance.  Nowadays, shareholder voting is usually delegated to asset managers, raising questions about whether the voice of the ultimate owners is heard. Georgia introduces the concept of “Pass-through Voting,” which allows investors in pooled funds to vote at company AGMs proportionate to their fund ownership. She explains how Tumelo’s technology not only aligns the interests of shareholders and corporations but also increases shareholder participation and engagement. Some of my favorite insights from this episode  Pass-through voting potentially empowers long-term thinking investors to have a say, shifting the voting power from short-term focused asset managers.Even if “Expression on Wish” doesn’t directly empower shareholders to vote, it can increase people’s interest and engagement in financial matters, including saving and investing. While there is a debate about whether “direct democracy” is a good idea in the context of shareholder voting, shareholders have a right to vote that was difficult to realize so far. New technology, such as Tumelo’s, can help realize it. Similar to a representative democracy, interest groups such as NGOs could take the role of parties that provide voting guidance, helping individuals make informed choices.

In this episode, I had a conversation with Philippe van der Beck, who wrote a fascinating paper (work in progress) titled "Flow-driven ESG returns". The paper highlights that investing $1 in sustainable mutual funds can increase the value of green firms by 40 cents. This raises questions about whether ESG investing really has an impact.Philippe explains in detail how he arrived at this statement. He cautions that the impact is limited to the stock price, and it is challenging to say how it affects real outcomes. Nevertheless, it is an intriguing deep dive into how markets and prices move, and how sustainable investing may drive prices and behavior more than the standard models in finance would suggest.

Did you know that the University of St. Gallen in collaboration with Solarify offers the opportunity to invest into solar panels on their gym rooftop? In this episode, I talk to Aurel Schmid, founder of Solarify. Together we dive into the finance and impact behind crowd-founded solar panels and discover how small scale investor can have an impact towards green energy. We find out what makes the solar rooftop project at the University of St. Gallen special and what kind of return and impact investors can expect from it. We conclude with an outlook from Aurel on the current challenges they face and what he wishes to see in the industry.Link to the HSG project: https://solarify.ch/produkt/hsg-sporthalle/

In this episode, I talk to Lena Hörnlein, a senior manager at B-Capital Partners. Our discussion revolves around the interaction between sustainable finance regulations, including SFDR, and the operational landscape of a fund exclusively centered on energy transition assets. Lena provides a detailed explanation of how the regulation works. Interestingly, Lena's fund has opted for Article 8 as opposed to Article 9, a decision grounded in caution. Ultimately, we conclude by underscoring the pivotal role of regulations in other domains, such as electricity markets, in expediting the progress of the energy transition.

In this episode, I talk to Christine Chow about active ownership. Christine explains what it is, its dos and dont's, and what investors can bring to the table that companies do not know yet. We explore the tension that the best kind of active ownership is the most difficult to make visible, come up with an idea for professional certification, and Christine explains that being good at engaging is like being good at riding a horse.

Did you know that most large European corporations compensate executives for reaching ESG targets? Is that a good thing, and how should this be done?I discuss these fascinating questions with Tom Gosling, perhaps the world's most experienced expert regarding ESG compensation. I learned a lot in this episode! Some (but not all) of my favorite insights:Even if ESG targets contribute to long-term shareholder value, it can make sense to incentivize middle managers on ESG because they are usually incentivized on annual targets.ESG incentives can work when they are aligned with overall strategy, focus on one central ESG issue, and are monitored by a knowledgeable anchor investorThere is no way to fix the economic incentives given by the market and regulation with managerial incentives.Tom has written about this topic a lot, as you can see on his homepage. Here are some direct links to documents mentioned during the podcast:Paying for net zero assesses the quality of climate targets in large European companies. Spoiler alert: it’s not great.Paying well by paying for good is a report produced in collaboration with PwC looking at whether executive pay should be linked to ESG targets, and if so how. The follow-up paper Paying for good for all looks at practice and attitudes globally and extends the analysis to consider alignment of broader company-wide reward strategy with ESG.Executive Pay and ESG Performance is an excellent summary of the first report in blog format.And here two of the recent papers that Tom mentions:Say on ESG: The Adoption of Say-on-Pay Laws, ESG Contracting, and Firm ESG PerformanceExecutive Compensation Tied to ESG Performance: International Evidence

I talk with Per Einar Ellefsen, CEO and founder of Amundsen IM, a fund that specializes in the European primary equity market. We have a long conversation about the role of ESG factors in the IPO process, from the angle of risk assessment, investment performance, and impact. Along the way, we talk about a lot of interesting companies: Azelis, Verallia, Visma, Eurogroup Laminations, and EDP Renewables. https://amundsen-im.com