Animals in Ancient Egyptian Society

Show NotesEvolution of Temple Architecture * Digital Karnak* Blyth, E. (2006) Karnak : evolution of a temple  / Elizabeth Blyth. New York, NY: Routledge.* Wilkinson, R. H. (2000) The complete temples of ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson.* For Pre-formal → Formal temples see, Kemp, B. J. (2018) Ancient Egypt : anatomy of a civilization : pbk. 3rd ed. Routledge.Rekhyt Bird Meaning* Griffin, Kenneth 2018. All the rxyt-people adore: the role of the rekhyt-people in Egyptian religion. GHP Egyptology 29. London: Golden House Publications. * Griffin, Kenneth 2007. A reinterpretation of the use and function of the Rekhyt rebus in New Kingdom temples. In Cannata, Maria and Christina Adams (eds), Current research in Egyptology 2006: proceedings of the seventh annual symposium which took place at the University of Oxford, April 2006, 66-84. Oxford: Oxbow.* Niwiński, Andrzej 2014. Did the Pat-people and the Rekhyt-people have different burial ceremonies? In Jucha, Mariusz A., Joanna Dębowska-Ludwin, and Piotr Kołodziejczyk (eds), Aegyptus est imago caeli: studies presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz on his 60th birthday, 253-260. Kraków: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Archaeologica Foundation.Sex & Aphrodisiacs* Norris, Pauline 2020. Lettuce as an offering to Mnw (Min). In Maravelia, Alicia and Nadine Guilhou (eds), Environment and religion in ancient and Coptic Egypt: sensing the cosmos through the eyes of the divine. Proceedings of the 1st Egyptological conference of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology, co-organized with the Writing & Scripts Centre of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the Institute of Coptic Studies (University of Alexandria), at the People's University of Athens, under the high auspices of his Eminence Mgr Damianos, archbishop of Sinai; Athens: Wednesday 1st, Thursday 2nd Friday 3rd February 2017, 317-329. Oxford: Archaeopress. * Leitz, Christian 1999. Magical and medical papyri of the New Kingdom. Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum 7. London: The British Museum Press. * The Contendings of Horus and Seth* Guiter, Jacques 2001. Contraception en Égypte ancienne. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale 101, 221-236* Ladinig-Morawetz, Franz-Stephan 2023. Defining "magic" using the example of Egyptian gynaecology. In Aguizy, Ola el- and Burt Kasparian (eds), ICE XII: proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Egyptologists, 3rd-8th November 2019, Cairo, Egypt 2, 1109-1115. [Cairo]: Institut français d'archéologie orientale.* Casini, Emanuele 2018. Rethinking the mutifaceted aspects of mandrake in ancient Egypt. Egitto e Vicino Oriente 41, 101-115. DOI: 10.12871/97888333918616.* Mathieu, Bernard 1999. L'univers végétal dans les chants d'amour égyptiens. In Aufrère, Sydney H. (ed.), Encyclopédie religieuse de l'univers végétal: croyances phytoreligieuses de l'Égypte ancienne 1, 99-106. Montpellier: Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier III. Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode Kara and Jordan discuss animals in ancient Egyptian society. What does the archaeological evidence tell us about the ancient Egyptians’ attitudes and practices towards non-human members of their society? Show notesHerodotus Book II, 65-66There are many household animals; and there would be many more, were it not for what happens to the cats. When the females have kittened they will not consort with the males; and these seek them but cannot get their will of them; so their device is to steal and carry off and kill the kittens (but they do not eat what they have killed). The mothers, deprived of their young and desiring to have more will then consort with the males; for they are creatures that love offspring. And when a fire breaks out very strange things happen to the cats. The Egyptians stand round in a broken line, thinking more of the cats than of quenching the burning; but the cats slip through or leap over the men and spring into the fire. When this happens, there is great mourning in Egypt. Dwellers in a house where a cat has died a natural death shave their eyebrows and no more; where a dog has so died, the head and the whole body are shaven.Oracular amuletic decree (ISAC, Chicago, Illinois)Veterinary Papyrus Janssen, “Commodity Prices from the Ramesside Period” including animals The Temple Cats of Philae Island Organization Facebook and Instagram Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

During the process of recommodification and reburial by 21st Dynasty elites, several royal mummies in the Deir el Bahri 320 (also known as TT 320) burial cache were badly damaged. In this episode, Kara and Amber discuss the evidence we have for the ritual repair of these mummies carried out during their reburial, including the term rdit Wsir, “to make an Osiris.” Ritner, Robert, 2009, The Libyan Anarchy: Inscriptions from Egypt’s Third Intermediate Period.Ritner, Robert, 1993, The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice.Read more about the DeB 320 royal cache Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode Kara and Jordan answer listener questions from April. To submit a question for the monthly Q&A podcast, become a paid subscriber on Substack or join our Patreon!A few photos from Kara’s Egypt tripShow Notes:Female Genitalia Lexicography* Bednarski, Andrew 2000. Hysteria revisited. Women's public health in ancient Egypt. In McDonald, Angela and Christina Riggs (eds), Current research in Egyptology 2000, 11-17. Oxford: Archaeopress.* Ghalioungui, P. 1977. The persistence and spread of some obstetric concepts held in ancient Egypt. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 62, 141-154.* Westendorf, Wolfhart 1999. Handbuch der altägyptischen Medizin, 2 vols. Handbuch der Orientalistik, erste Abteilung 36 (1-2). Leiden: Brill.Burial of Children * Barba, Pablo 2021. Power, personhood and changing emotional engagement with children's burial during the Egyptian Predynastic. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31 (2), 211-228. DOI: 10.1017/S0959774320000402.  * Kaiser, Jessica 2023. When death comes, he steals the infant: child burials at the Wall of the Crow cemetery, Giza. In Kiser-Go, Deanna and Carol A. Redmount (eds), Weseretkau "mighty of kas": papers in memory of Cathleen A. Keller, 347-369. Columbus, GA: Lockwood Press. DOI: 10.5913/2023853.22.  Export >>* Marshall, Amandine 2022. Childhood in ancient Egypt. Translated by Colin Clement. Cairo; New York: American University in Cairo Press. * Saleem, Sahar N., Sabah Abd el-Razek Seddik, and Mahmoud el Halwagy 2020. A child mummy in a pot: computed tomography study and insights on child burials in ancient Egypt. In Kamrin, Janice, Miroslav Bárta, Salima Ikram, Mark Lehner, and Mohamed Megahed (eds), Guardian of ancient Egypt: studies in honor of Zahi Hawass 3, 1393-1403. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Skin Color and Gender* Shelley Halley, Prof. Emerita of Classics and Africana Studies, Hamilton College* Tutankhamun out of the lotus blossom with ‘naturalistic’ skin * Roth, Ann Macy 2000. Father earth, mother sky: ancient Egyptian beliefs about conception and fertility. In Rautman, Alison E. (ed.), Reading the body: representations and remains in the archaeological record, 187-201. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.* Tan Men/Pale Women: Color and Gender in Archaic Greece and Egypt, a Comparative Approach by Mary Ann Eaverly Kara’s ARCE Talk- “Elites Relying on Cultural Memory for Regime Building”Abstract: Theban elites of the late 20th and 21st Dynasties relied on veneration of 17th and 18th Dynasty kings to support their regimes ideologically. The cults of Ahmose-Nefertari and Amenhotep I were vibrant in the west Theban region, and their oracles were essential to solving many disputes. Herihor connected his militarily-achieved kingship to his position in the Karnak priesthood using the ancestor kings as touchstones. Twenty-first Dynasty Theban elites named their children after 18th Dynasty monarchs; Theban High Priest and king Panedjem named a daughter Maatkare, ostensibly after Hatshepsut of the 18th Dynasty, and a son Menkheperre after Thutmose III. Examination of the 20th and 21st Dynasty interventions of the royal mummies from Dra Abu el Naga and the Valley of the Kings indicates these royal corpses were used as sacred effigies of a sort, rewrapped and placed into regilded containers even after they had been stripped of their treasures and golden embellishments. This paper will examine how immigrants and mercenaries were able to move into Theban elite circles by marshaling ancestral connections to power. Men like Herihor and Panedjem, one of them at least of Meshwesh origins, worked within an Upper Egyptian cultural system that put its temple communities of practice before its military and veiled its politics with pious rituals and oracular pronouncements. Such elites had to negotiate their identities and power grabs through the cultural memory of the region’s royal ancestors.* Episode 83- Thutmose III and the Veneration of the Royal Ancestors * Cooney, Kathlyn M. 2022. The New Kingdom of Egypt under the Ramesside dynasty. In Radner, Karen, Nadine Moeller, and D. T. Potts (eds), The Oxford history of the ancient Near East, volume III: from the Hyksos to the late second millennium BC, 251-366. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190687601.003.0027. * Cooney, Kara. 2024. Recycling for Death AUC Press. * The Khonsu Temple at Karnak Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

In Part 2 of a two-part episode, Kara and multiple Emmy-nominated Executive Producer and novelist Neil Laird continue their conversation about their experiences making television documentaries about the ancient world, how things get done behind the scenes, whether or not romanticizing the past is a bad thing, and what the future may hold for documentary programs.About Neil LairdNeil Laird is a multiple Emmy and BAFTA-nominated creator and Executive Producer on long-running series such as Brain Games, Mysteries of the Abandoned, Border Wars, Through the Wormhole With Morgan Freeman, What on Earth?, How It's Made, Secrets of the Underground, Expedition Unknown With Josh Gates and Survivorman.Neil has worked extensively on both the network and production side of non-fiction TV since 1996. He has developed, overseen, and produced over 1,000 hours of non-fiction programs and specials in nearly every genre, with a particular passion, expertise, and professional contacts in history, mystery, science, and adventure.Neil’s novels Prime Time Travelers and Prime Time Pompeii are slated for release in 2024. Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

In Part 1 of a two-part episode, Kara and multiple Emmy-nominated Executive Producer and novelist Neil Laird talk about their experiences making television documentaries about the ancient world, how things get done behind the scenes, and what the future may hold for documentary programs.Secrets of Egypt's Lost QueenOut of EgyptDigging for the TruthAbout Neil LairdNeil Laird is a multiple Emmy and BAFTA-nominated creator and Executive Producer on long-running series such as Brain Games, Mysteries of the Abandoned, Border Wars, Through the Wormhole With Morgan Freeman, What on Earth?, How It's Made, Secrets of the Underground, Expedition Unknown With Josh Gates and Survivorman.Neil has worked extensively on both the network and production side of non-fiction TV since 1996. He has developed, overseen, and produced over 1,000 hours of non-fiction programs and specials in nearly every genre, with a particular passion, expertise, and professional contacts in history, mystery, science, and adventure.Neil’s novels Prime Time Travelers and Prime Time Pompeii are slated for release in 2024. Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

This week Kara and Amber discuss color (also known as polychromy) in ancient Mediterranean art and how it is studied and understood today. What role did color play in ancient art? How does polychromy affect the way modern audiences view ancient art? What are the origins of the aesthetic preference for plain white marble sculpture in Western art? The Color of Life exhibition (Getty Villa)Kelsey Museum (University of Michigan) resources on color in ancient artBibliography for color in ancient artThe Metropolitan Museum of Art resources on color in ancient artSeated statue of Hatshepsut (Metropolitan Museum of Art)Statue of Leda and the Swan (Getty Villa)Curator and artist jill moniz Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode Kara and Amber talk about the veneration of ancestor kings in the late 20th-21st Dynasties. During this period the coffins of ancestor kings were manipulated, buried, and reburied in caches like that of Theban Tomb 320 (also known as Deir el Bahri 320). Who was reburying and caching these royal ancestors together and why? Using the coffin of Thutmose III as a case study, they discuss the interplay of the religious, political, and economic factors behind these royal caches. Kara’s forthcoming book, Recycling for Death: Coffin Reuse and the Theban Royal CachesMore about Theban Tomb 320Amber’s post on presidential homes and America’s historical landscape Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

CW// self harm and suicide In this episode Kara and Amber discuss the death of Cleopatra VII and whether or not we should trust the ancient Roman accounts regarding the circumstances of her death. Did she really commit suicide, as Roman historians tell us? Or were the accounts of her death by suicide part of a cunning Roman propaganda campaign?Read more about the death of Cleopatra and the ancient sources on it here and here.Listen to our other episodes on Cleopatra:Episode 57 | Reception, Ownership, and Race: Netflix’s ”Queen Cleopatra”Episode 60 | Part II: Reception, Ownership, and Race: Netflix’s ”Queen Cleopatra” Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

EPISODE 81 | This episode is a recording of a live zoom Q&A with our listeners. Thank you to everyone who attended and submitted questions!Show notes* Byblos * Baal and Seth * Prof. Dani Candelora – Her research focuses on interactions between Egypt and West Asia.* Prof. Marian Feldman, Diplomacy by Design* Amarna Letter 23 – A Goddess Travels to Egypt* 1 3 - 1 7 Thus Sauska of Nineveh (goddess statue), mistress of all lands: "I wish to goto Egypt, a country that I love, and then return." Now I herewith sendher, and she is on her way." (Moran 1992)* Hathor and the Myth of the Heavenly Cow* Spalinger Anthony, “The Destruction of Mankind: A Transitional Literary Text,” Studien Zur Altagyptischen Kultur 28: 2000, 257–282. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152827* Amenhotep III’s Mortuary Temple & Sekhmet Statues* Kara’s Cambridge Elements – Coffin Commerce * Judith Flanders – “Rites of Passage: Death & Mourning in Victorian Britain”* Peter Saris – “Justinian”* Lady Sennuwy, Boston Museum of Fine Arts * Augustus Meroë Head* Great Sphinx of Tanis, Louvre* Vatican Phases of Construction* Demon Bes – Coptic Magical Papyri* End of the ancient Egyptian Religion, Christian Erasure * Egyptian obelisks * Egyptian object outside of Egypt – Egypt’s Dispersed Heritage Project * Maat* Eloquent Peasant – status dynamics, misuse of Maat* Lichtheim, M. (1992) Maat in Egyptian autobiographies and related studies  / Miriam Lichtheim. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag.* Teeter, Emily. (1997) The presentation of Maat : ritual and legitimacy in ancient Egypt  / by Emily Teeter. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.* Isfet* Kemp, B. J. (1995) How Religious were the Ancient Egyptians? Cambridge archaeological journal. [Online] 5 (1), 25–54.* James C. Scott, “Weapons of the Weak” Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe