英语新闻丨中国将文化遗产守护者送入太空

At 12 am on Monday, China's first tailor-made remote sensing satellite for cultural heritage monitoring, successfully lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China's Gansu province and entered its designated orbit.6月15日零时，中国首颗专门用于文化遗产监测的遥感卫星成功从位于甘肃省的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，进入预定轨道。The Wenwu-01 remote-sensing satellite, jointly developed by the National Cultural Heritage Administration and Chang Guang Satellite Technology, is capable of efficiently collecting spatial data on cultural heritage resources, creating three-dimensional models, and performing dynamic comparisons, thanks to its high-precision optical remote sensing payload and multispectral imaging channels.“文物一号”遥感卫星由国家文物局与长光卫星技术股份有限公司联合研制。该卫星凭借高精度光学遥感载荷和多光谱成像通道，能够高效采集文化遗产资源的空间数据，建立三维模型并进行动态比对。“Wenwu” means cultural heritage, a name that reflects the satellite's mission to safeguard China's rich historical legacy.“文物”二字体现了该卫星守护中国丰富历史遗产的使命。After the launch, the satellite will form a network with more than 130 other satellites of the “Jilin-1” satellite constellation. With the large-scale networking advantages, it will continuously provide vast amounts of accurate and time-sequenced remote sensing data, greatly strengthening the country's capacity for precise, frequent, routine and comprehensive monitoring of cultural heritage sites at all levels.卫星入轨后，将与“吉林一号”星座的130多颗卫星组网运行。借助大规模组网优势，卫星将持续提供大量精确且具时序性的遥感数据，极大增强国家对各级文化遗产进行精准、高频、常规化和全方位监测的能力。Looking ahead, the National Cultural Heritage Administration will continue to promote the deep integration of advanced technologies with cultural heritage protection. It will improve the research and development of key technologies and promote the integrated application of satellite remote sensing, drone patrols, internet of things sensing, and artificial intelligence analysis in critical areas such as cultural heritage law enforcement and supervision, resource surveys, archaeological investigations, planning and management, disease monitoring, and protective restoration.未来，国家文物局将继续推动先进技术与文化遗产保护的深度融合。该局将加强关键技术研发，推动卫星遥感、无人机巡查、物联网感知和人工智能分析在文化遗产执法监管、资源调查、考古勘探、规划管理、病害监测及保护修复等关键领域的一体化应用。A technological system for cultural heritage monitoring featuring space-air-ground coordination will be gradually established, providing solid scientific and technological support for the high-quality development of the cultural heritage sector in China, according to the administration.据国家文物局介绍，将逐步构建天空地一体化的文化遗产监测技术体系，为中国文化遗产事业的高质量发展提供坚实的科技支撑。remote sensing satellite /rɪˈməʊt ˈsensɪŋ ˈsætəlaɪt/遥感卫星cultural heritage /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈherɪtɪdʒ/文化遗产optical remote sensing payload /ˈɒptɪkəl rɪˈməʊt ˈsensɪŋ ˈpeɪləʊd/光学遥感载荷multispectral imaging channels /ˌmʌltiˈspektrəl ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ ˈtʃænəlz/多光谱成像通道satellite constellation /ˈsætəlaɪt ˌkɒnstɪˈleɪʃən/卫星星座time-sequenced data /ˈtaɪm ˈsiːkwənst ˈdeɪtə/时序数据

China's ports are expected to handle an average of 2.2 million inbound and outbound passenger trips per day during the upcoming Dragon Boat Festival holiday, from Friday to Sunday, marking an 11.7 percent increase from the same period last year, according to the National Immigration Administration on Tuesday. The daily peak is forecast to exceed 2.35 million trips.国家移民管理局周二发布消息，即将到来的端午假期（周五至周日）期间，全国口岸日均出入境客流量预计将达 220 万人次，较去年同期增长 11.7%，单日峰值预计将突破 235 万人次。Major international airports are expected to see slight increases in passenger flows. Shanghai Pudong International Airport is forecast to handle an average of 104,000 trips per day, while Beijing Capital International Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in Guangdong province are each expected to handle 52,000 trips per day. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Guangdong is expected to handle 21,000 trips per day, while Beijing Daxing International Airport and Chengdu Tianfu International Airport in Sichuan province are forecast to handle 19,000 and 17,000 trips per day, respectively.主要国际机场客流量预计将小幅增长。上海浦东国际机场日均出入境客流量预计达 10.4 万人次，北京首都国际机场、广东广州白云国际机场日均各 5.2 万人次，广东深圳宝安国际机场日均 2.1 万人次，北京大兴国际机场、四川成都天府国际机场日均分别为 1.9 万人次、1.7 万人次。Passenger flows at land ports neighboring Hong Kong and Macao are expected to increase significantly during the holiday, as dragon boat races and other major events will be held in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, while cross-border tourism and family visits are also expected to rise.粤港澳三地将举办龙舟赛等大型活动，叠加跨境旅游、探亲出行需求上升，毗邻港澳的陆路口岸假期客流量预计将大幅增长。The NIA has made special arrangements for border inspection work during the holiday, requiring authorities nationwide to strengthen monitoring of passenger flows, conduct accurate assessments of port traffic, and issue timely peak-flow alerts to help travelers plan their trips. The administration also reminded Chinese and foreign travelers to check port traffic and clearance conditions before departure and ensure their travel documents and visas remain valid.国家移民管理局已对假期边检工作作出专项部署，要求全国移民管理机构加强客流监测，精准研判口岸通行情况，及时发布高峰预警，方便旅客合理安排行程。同时提醒中外旅客出行前及时了解口岸客流和通关情况，确保证件签证真实有效。Chinese citizens traveling overseas should learn about the safety conditions and entry policies of their destinations in advance and avoid countries and regions with risks of Ebola virus disease outbreaks, the administration said.移民管理部门提醒，出境公民应提前了解目的地安全形势和入境政策，避免前往存在埃博拉病毒病疫情风险的国家和地区。inbound /ˈɪnbaʊnd/ adj. 入境的outbound /ˈaʊtbaʊnd/ adj. 出境的peak /piːk/ n. 峰值，高峰clearance /ˈklɪərəns/ n. 通关，清关

The China Meteorological Administration raised its major meteorological disaster emergency response on Monday morning, escalating it from level four, the lowest, to level three, and expanding the alert to cover both torrential rain and severe convective weather.6月15日上午，中国气象局将重大气象灾害应急响应由最低的四级提升至三级，并将预警范围扩大至暴雨和强对流天气。Meanwhile, the National Meteorological Center has renewed a blue alert for severe convective weather, the lowest level of its three-tier warning system, adding that powerful thunderstorms, hail and torrential downpours will sweep across large parts of the country.与此同时，中央气象台继续发布强对流天气蓝色预警——这是其三级预警体系中最低级别——并提示，强雷暴、冰雹和暴雨将席卷全国大范围地区。The center said that from Monday afternoon through Tuesday afternoon, thunderstorms accompanied by gale-force winds above level 8, equivalent to gusts of at least 62 kilometers per hour, or hail are likely to hit some areas of central and eastern parts of North China and the southern part of South China.中央气象台表示，从6月15日下午至16日下午，华北中东部和华南南部部分地区可能出现雷暴大风或冰雹天气，风力可达8级以上，即阵风风速至少62公里/小时。In some areas of Hebei province, Beijing and Tianjin, winds will be even stronger, with gusts exceeding level 10, meaning speeds of more than 88 km/h.河北部分地区、北京和天津风力更强，阵风可达10级以上，即风速超过88公里/小时。Meanwhile, intense bursts of short-duration heavy rain are forecast for central and southern parts of Northeast China, central and eastern parts of North China, central and southern parts of South China and southern part of Southwest China.同时，东北中南部、华北中东部、华南中南部及西南南部地区预计将出现短时强降水。These storms could deliver hourly rainfall of more than 20 millimeters.这些风暴的小时雨量可能超过20毫米。The downpours are expected to be heavier in the southern part of Hebei, the southeastern part of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and the southern part of Guangdong province, where hourly rates may surpass 50 mm and could peak above 90 mm.预计河北南部、广西东南部和广东南部降水更强，小时雨量可能超过50毫米，局部可达90毫米以上。The center said that from Monday through Wednesday, heavy to violent rainfall is expected to hit most parts of Guangdong and Guangxi, central and southern parts of Fujian province, the southern part of Jiangxi province, western and eastern parts of Yunnan province, the southern part of Sichuan province and the southwestern part of Guizhou province, with some areas likely to be hit by severe rainstorms.中央气象台表示，6月15日至17日，广东大部、广西大部、福建中南部、江西南部、云南东西部、四川南部和贵州西南部将有大到暴雨，部分地区可能遭遇大暴雨。Coastal areas of southern China will experience localized heavy downpours of extreme intensity.华南沿海地区将出现局地极端强降水。The eastern part of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Northeast China, North China, and the eastern part of the Yellow-Huaihe River Valley are expected to experience scattered showers or thundershowers, with localized heavy rain or storms, along with short-duration heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, strong winds, hail, and other severe convective weather.内蒙古东部、东北地区、华北及黄淮东部等地预计将出现分散性阵雨或雷阵雨，局地有大雨或暴雨，并伴有短时强降水、雷暴大风、冰雹等强对流天气。Sun Qianqian, a meteorological analyst at Weather China, a website affiliated with the CMA, said the main reason for so much rainfall recently in Northeast and North China is the frequent eastward movement of upper-level troughs and cold vortices.中国气象局官网“中国天气网”气象分析师孙倩倩表示，近期东北、华北地区降雨频繁，主要原因是高空槽和冷涡东移频繁。"These systems continuously guide cold air southward to collide with warm and moist airflows, bringing frequent rainfall and severe convective weather," she said.“这些系统不断引导冷空气南下，与暖湿气流交汇，带来频繁降雨和强对流天气，”她说。The alerts followed days of exceptional rain that have already saturated parts of Guangdong and Guangxi where over 600 mm of rainfall has been recorded.此轮预警发布前，广东和广西部分地区连日遭遇强降雨，累计雨量已超过600毫米，土壤含水量饱和。Heavy to torrential rain, with local extreme downpours, has hit northern Guangdong, the northern Pearl River Delta, and eastern coastal areas since Friday.自6月12日以来，粤北、珠三角北部及粤东沿海地区出现大到暴雨，局地出现极端强降水。As of 8 pm on Sunday, 13,283 people had been evacuated, according to the provincial emergency management department.据广东省应急管理部门消息，截至6月14日晚8时，已紧急转移安置13283人。Affected by the rain, some trains operating between Yangcun township and Huizhou Station on the Beijing-Kowloon Railway service were adjusted on Monday, with measures including passenger diversion, suspension, and breaking a journey, railway authorities said.铁路部门表示，受降雨影响，6月15日京九铁路杨村镇至惠州站间部分列车运行调整，采取迂回、停运和缩短行程等措施。Guangdong-based media Nanfang Plus reported that in Huilai county, Jieyang city, local residents reported relentless heavy rain since Saturday night, with floodwaters rising chest-deep for some ground-floor residents.广东媒体“南方+”报道，揭阳市惠来县居民反映，自6月13日晚起持续强降雨，部分一楼住户家中积水已齐胸深。China News Service reported that the Guangxi's hydrology center said on Monday that four rivers had exceeded warning levels due to heavy rainfall, with the highest surpassing the alert mark by 1.76 meters.中新社报道，广西水文中心6月15日表示，受强降雨影响，已有4条河流出现超警洪水，最高超警1.76米。meteorological disaster /ˌmiːtiərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl dɪˈzɑːstə/气象灾害torrential rain /təˈrenʃəl reɪn/暴雨severe convective weather /sɪˈvɪə kənˈvektɪv ˈweðə/强对流天气gusts /ɡʌsts/阵风scattered showers /ˈskætəd ˈʃaʊəz/分散性阵雨thundershowers /ˈθʌndəʃaʊəz/雷阵雨upper-level troughs /ˈʌpə ˈlevəl trɒfs/高空槽cold vortices /kəʊld ˈvɔːtɪsiːz/冷涡hydrology center /haɪˈdrɒlədʒi ˈsentə/水文中心

The Pentagon's decision to add multiple Chinese companies — including e-commerce giant Alibaba, search engine Baidu and electric vehicle manufacturer BYD — to its updated Section 1260H list of alleged "Chinese military companies" is a groundless suppression of Chinese enterprises that severely harms their legitimate rights and interests.美国五角大楼更新所谓 "中国军方公司" 第 1260H 条款清单，将电商巨头阿里巴巴、搜索引擎百度、电动汽车制造商比亚迪等多家中国企业列入其中。这是对中国企业的无端打压，严重损害了中国企业的合法权益。The misleading designation mainly restricts Pentagon procurement and serves as a warning signal to investors and government agencies. The US administration is using the list to target China's technology companies by means of weaponized trade restrictions.这份误导性的清单主要用于限制五角大楼采购，同时向投资者和政府机构发出警示。美国政府正将贸易限制武器化，借这份清单打压中国科技企业。As a spokesperson for China's Ministry of Commerce said on Saturday in a statement on the US Department of Defense's decision, the US side has ignored the consensus reached during the meeting between the heads of state of the two countries in Beijing, disregarded the overall interests of bilateral economic and trade relations, continuously generalized the concept of "national security" and abused state power to unjustifiably suppress Chinese enterprises.中国商务部发言人周六就美方决定发表声明。发言人指出，美方无视两国元首北京会晤达成的共识，不顾双边经贸关系大局，不断泛化 "国家安全" 概念，滥用国家权力无端打压中国企业。The Pentagon's list now extends far beyond enterprises traditionally associated with weapons production and increasingly encompasses sectors that sit at the center of the global digital economy and high-tech innovation.如今，五角大楼这份清单的覆盖范围早已超出传统军工企业，越来越多地伸向全球数字经济和科技创新的核心领域。In the eyes of the US administration, technologies once regarded as commercial — semiconductors, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, batteries, robotics and advanced manufacturing — have become strategic assets with military implications. The distinction between civilian and military technology is fading. This shines a light on the US administration's reliance on sanctions as a sop for the US' growing anxiety about the loss of its competitiveness in advanced technology.在美国政府眼中，半导体、人工智能、云计算、电池、机器人、先进制造这些原本的民用技术，都成了带有军事意义的战略资产，军民技术的界限正在被刻意模糊。这充分暴露了一个事实：美国对自身先进技术竞争力的流失越来越焦虑，只能靠制裁来缓解这种焦虑。The US administration's increasingly expansive use of "security" instruments targeting Chinese companies suggests a superpower grappling with the uncomfortable reality that the US' technological leadership can no longer be taken for granted. So the Pentagon's latest action can be interpreted as part of a broader strategy aimed at "decoupling" from China's supply chains and weakening its high-tech competitiveness.美国针对中国企业越来越频繁地动用 "安全" 工具，恰恰说明这个超级大国正在面对一个难以接受的现实：美国的技术领先地位，早已不是理所当然。五角大楼此次的最新举动，就是其对华供应链 "脱钩"、削弱中国高科技竞争力这一整体战略的一部分。In practice, the US move is forcing the formation of parallel technological systems. In doing so, it is seriously disrupting the international economic and trade order, undermining the stability of global industry and supply chains, and dramatically increasing the operating costs of the world economy and global trade.美方此举实际上是在强行推动两套技术体系并行。这严重扰乱了国际经贸秩序，破坏了全球产业链供应链稳定，大幅推高了世界经济和全球贸易的运行成本。The outcomes achieved by China and the US under mechanisms such as bilateral economic and trade consultations should also be understood and assessed within this broader context of the cumulative effect of the US administration's export controls, investment restrictions, entity listings and military-company designation.中美通过双边经贸磋商等机制取得的所有成果，都要放在这个大背景下评估。美方不断出台出口管制、投资限制、实体清单、军方认定等措施，其累积效应正在持续侵蚀双方合作的基础。The danger is that the US side is forcing China-US economic relations to become trapped in a self-reinforcing cycle. Washington always sees "security threats" and imposes restrictions. That leaves Beijing no choice but to take corresponding countermeasures.更危险的是，美方正迫使中美经贸关系陷入恶性循环：华盛顿总能找到 "安全威胁" 的借口实施限制，北京则不得不采取相应反制措施。China urges the US side to stop its wrong practices, revoke the relevant measures, return to the right track of building a constructive China-US relationship of strategic stability, and provide fair, just and nondiscriminatory treatment to Chinese companies, said the spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce of China.中国商务部发言人表示，中方敦促美方立即停止错误做法，撤销相关措施，回到构建具有战略稳定性的中美建设性关系的正确轨道，为中国企业提供公平、公正、非歧视的营商环境。Otherwise, China will take resolute and strong countermeasures, and all consequences and responsibilities arising therefrom shall be borne by the US side, the spokesperson added.发言人强调，否则中方将采取坚决有力的反制措施，由此产生的一切后果和责任，完全由美方承担。Neither the trend of economic globalization nor the laws of the market will allow the US to use political force to impose parallel technological systems on the world without causing significant harm — both globally and to itself. The global economy remains deeply intertwined, and the technologies of the future depend on complex international supply chains that stretch from Silicon Valley to Shenzhen.经济全球化的大势不会逆转，市场规律也不会以人的意志为转移。美国不可能动用政治力量强行在全球推行两套并行的技术体系而不付出代价 —— 这种伤害既针对全世界，最终也会反噬美国自身。全球经济早已深度融合，未来的技术发展，离不开从硅谷到深圳这条完整的国际供应链。If the US president's first visit to China in nine years last month was intended to stabilize relations, the Pentagon's latest move does the opposite. While the Chinese side has made clear its willingness to steady bilateral ties through cooperation and exchanges, the US side seems intent on demonstrating its readiness to further embed what it sees as Sino-US strategic competition in commerce, technology and finance.如果说上月美国总统九年来首次访华是为了稳定两国关系，那么五角大楼此次的举动，完全是在背道而驰。中方已经明确表态，愿意通过合作交流稳定双边关系，但美方却执意要将所谓的中美战略竞争，进一步嵌入经贸、科技、金融的方方面面。And once "national security" becomes the organizing principle of economic policy, every company risks being used as a soldier. The Pentagon's latest blacklist suggests that such a future might already have arrived.一旦 "国家安全" 成为经济政策的最高原则，每家企业都可能沦为大国博弈的棋子。五角大楼这份最新的黑名单告诉我们：这样的未来，或许已经到来。suppression /səˈpreʃn/ n. 打压，压制decoupling /diːˈkʌplɪŋ/ n. 脱钩countermeasure /ˈkaʊntəmeʒə(r)/ n. 反制措施sanction /ˈsæŋkʃn/ n. 制裁

The critical importance of cross-Strait exchanges and cooperation was underscored at the 18th Straits Forum in Xiamen, Fujian province, as participants from both sides of the Taiwan Strait gathered over the weekend, overcoming obstructions from island authorities.第十八届海峡论坛在福建省厦门市举行，周末期间，两岸与会人士克服台湾当局的阻挠齐聚一堂，凸显了两岸交流合作的极端重要性。The annual forum, which started in 2009, serves as a platform to promote mutual understanding and integration between the mainland and Taiwan, emphasizing the shared cultural and economic interests binding both sides.这一始于 2009 年的年度论坛是促进大陆与台湾相互了解与融合的平台，彰显了联结两岸的共同文化与经济利益。Addressing the main conference on Saturday, Wang Huning, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's top political advisory body, called for resolute opposition to "Taiwan independence" separatist activities and external interference, urging joint efforts to advance peaceful cross-Strait relations and national reunification.中共中央政治局常委、全国政协主席王沪宁周六在大会上发表讲话，呼吁坚决反对 "台独" 分裂活动和外部干涉，共同推动两岸关系和平发展与国家统一。He emphasized that the mainland stands ready to share development opportunities with Taiwan compatriots, noting that the country's blueprint for the ongoing 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period will open up broader space for cross-Strait integration.他强调，大陆愿与台湾同胞分享发展机遇，我国 "十五五" 规划（2026-2030 年）蓝图将为两岸融合发展开辟更广阔空间。At a meeting on Saturday on advancing the development of the demonstration zone for integrated development across the Taiwan Strait, Wang urged greater progress in advancing such integration during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.王沪宁周六在推进海峡两岸融合发展示范区建设座谈会上，要求在 "十五五" 时期推动两岸融合发展取得更大进展。He called for supporting Fujian in exploring new mechanisms, pathways and models for cross-Strait integrated development. He also urged closer people-to-people and cultural exchanges.他要求支持福建探索两岸融合发展的新机制、新路径、新模式，同时深化两岸民间和文化交流。Under the theme of expanding people-to-people exchanges, this year's Straits Forum featured 58 diverse events covering grassroots, youth, cultural and economic exchange sectors.本届海峡论坛以 "扩大民间交流" 为主题，举办了 58 场涵盖基层、青年、文化、经济等交流领域的多元化活动。Earlier, Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party authorities elevated restrictions by banning island officials from attending the event, marking the first time the island's grassroots officials were blocked from participation.此前，台湾民进党当局升级限制措施，禁止岛内官员出席本届论坛，这是首次禁止台湾基层官员参与海峡论坛。Addressing the forum despite these bans, Chang Jung-kung, vice-chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang party, said that despite twists and turns, the Straits Forum has always been committed to promoting exchanges and playing a critical role in cross-Strait relations.中国国民党副主席张荣恭出席论坛并表示，尽管历经曲折，海峡论坛始终致力于推动交流，在两岸关系中发挥着关键作用。During the forum, mainland enterprises signed agreements with various businesses and trade associations from Taiwan, buying signature agricultural goods including atemoya and pomelos, as well as tea and fishery products from counties such as Taitung, Yunlin and Nantou.论坛期间，大陆企业与台湾多家企业和行业协会签署协议，采购台东、云林、南投等县的释迦、柚子等特色农产品以及茶叶和渔产品。The contracts serve as a major step forward in implementing the 10 follow-up exchange policies introduced following the landmark cross-Strait meeting between leaders of the CPC and KMT in April, focusing on the practical livelihood needs of grassroots families and small business operators.这些协议是落实 4 月国共两党领导人历史性会晤后推出的 10 项后续交流政策的重要举措，聚焦基层家庭和小微企业经营者的实际民生需求。Yao Ching-ling, magistrate of Taitung county, said via a live video link that the purchase agreements were an immense encouragement to local farmers. "Agricultural and fishery products carry the core livelihoods of countless Taiwan families," she said.台东县县长饶庆铃通过视频连线表示，采购协议对当地农民是极大的鼓舞，她说："农渔产品承载着无数台湾家庭的核心生计。"A range of prominent figures and grassroots representatives also stepped onto the stage during the conference to share their stories of cross-Strait integration.多位知名人士和基层代表也在大会上登台，分享他们参与两岸融合发展的故事。Su Heng, a Taiwan political commentary vlogger, said grassroots perspectives and livelihood statistics best reflect the truth that artificial barriers can never block the shared enthusiasm of compatriots from both sides.台湾时政评论博主苏恒表示，基层视角和民生数据最能说明一个事实：人为障碍永远阻挡不了两岸同胞的共同热情。A massive number of Taiwan residents still crossed the Strait for markets, business cooperation and career opportunities, Su added.她补充道，仍有大量台湾同胞跨越海峡寻找市场、寻求商业合作和职业发展机遇。Lai Tsai-ta, co-founder and CEO of artificial intelligence pharmaceutical startup Metis TechBio Co, shared his journey on the mainland since 2019. Backed by over 10 million yuan ($1.48 million) in subsidies and startup services in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, his company grew into a recognized unicorn before listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in May.人工智能制药初创企业迈帝思生物科技有限公司联合创始人兼首席执行官赖财达分享了他自 2019 年以来在大陆的发展历程。在浙江省杭州市超过 1000 万元（约合 148 万美元）的补贴和创业服务支持下，他的公司成长为知名独角兽企业，并于今年 5 月在香港证券交易所上市。"The mainland offers sincere hospitality, strong policy backup, and a welcoming environment," Lai said, encouraging Taiwan youth to combine their professional skills with local industrial advantages to find their own perfect stage.赖财达表示："大陆有真诚的礼遇、有力的政策支持和友好的发展环境"，他鼓励台湾青年将专业技能与当地产业优势相结合，找到属于自己的理想舞台。underscore /ˌʌndəˈskɔː(r)/ v. 强调，凸显obstruction /əbˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 阻碍，障碍reunification /ˌriːjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 统一，重新统一integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 融合，一体化

The United States and Iran will sign a peace deal on Friday, US President Donald Trump announced on Sunday.美国总统唐纳德・特朗普周日宣布，美国与伊朗将于周五签署和平协议。"The Deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran is now complete," Trump said in an announcement on Truth Social. "Congratulations to all!"特朗普在 "真实社交" 平台发布声明称："与伊朗伊斯兰共和国的协议现已达成，向所有人表示祝贺！""Many presidents have tried to make Peace with Iran, and all have failed before me. The Leaders of the Region have, for the first time, found a President who can help them achieve real Peace," Trump posted.特朗普发文称："多任美国总统都曾尝试与伊朗实现和平，在我之前全部失败。该地区各国领导人首次找到了一位能够帮助他们实现真正和平的总统。""With the opening of the Strait upon the signing of the Deal on Friday, for purposes of mine removal, oil will flow on both ends again for the Region, and the World!" he said.他表示："随着周五协议签署后海峡开放用于清除水雷，该地区乃至全球的石油运输将在两端恢复畅通！"Earlier on Sunday, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan, which has been acting as a mediator, announced on X that a deal had been reached between the two parties.担任调停方的巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹・谢里夫周日早些时候在 X 平台宣布，双方已达成协议。"Following intensive talks, we are pleased to announce that the Peace Deal between the United States of America and Islamic Republic of Iran has been REACHED. Both sides have declared the immediate and permanent termination of military operations on all fronts, including in Lebanon," Sharif posted.谢里夫发文称："经过密集谈判，我们很高兴地宣布，美国与伊朗伊斯兰共和国已达成和平协议。双方已宣布立即永久停止包括黎巴嫩在内所有战线的军事行动。"The signing ceremony will be on Friday in Switzerland, he said.他表示，签字仪式将于周五在瑞士举行。"With the agreement now in place, mediators will facilitate a series of meetings this week. These pre-implementation discussions will lay the foundation for the technical talks and the official signing ceremony," Sharif said.谢里夫称："协议现已达成，调停方本周将推动一系列会谈。这些实施前磋商将为技术谈判和正式签字仪式奠定基础。"Iran Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi confirmed an immediate and permanent end to the war, telling Iranian state TV that military operations on various fronts, including Lebanon, will cease, Reuters reported. He also said that the US naval blockade of Iranian ports would be lifted.据路透社报道，伊朗副外长卡齐姆・加里巴巴迪向伊朗国家电视台证实，战争将立即永久结束，包括黎巴嫩在内各战线的军事行动都将停止。他还表示，美国对伊朗港口的海上封锁将解除。Details of the agreement have yet to be released.协议的具体细节尚未公布。Trump had posted earlier that a peace deal with Iran would be signed on Sunday — his 80th birthday.特朗普此前曾发文称，与伊朗的和平协议将于周日 —— 也就是他 80 岁生日当天签署。However, Iran said on Sunday that no agreement would be reached by Trump's deadline, the country's Fars News Agency reported.但据伊朗法尔斯通讯社报道，伊朗周日表示，不会在特朗普设定的最后期限前达成任何协议。The proposed agreement would apparently see the Strait of Hormuz reopened to commercial traffic, and the US blockade of Iranian ports lifted. It was expected that the current ceasefire would be extended by another 60 days.根据拟议协议，霍尔木兹海峡显然将重新对商业航运开放，美国对伊朗港口的封锁也将解除。预计当前停火协议将再延长 60 天。However, two ongoing sticking points have been a US demand that Iran surrender its stockpile of enriched uranium, while Iran has demanded the US unfreeze assets worth tens of billions of dollars.但目前仍存在两个争议点：美国要求伊朗交出其浓缩铀储备，而伊朗则要求美国解冻价值数百亿美元的资产。In an interview with the New York Times, Trump said that the agreement means the Strait of Hormuz would be "permanently toll free".特朗普在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，该协议意味着霍尔木兹海峡将 "永久免费通行"。Trump told the Times that if Iran failed to reach a final nuclear agreement with the US he would restart military attacks, or make the US "the guardian of the Middle East" in return for a fifth of the region's revenue.特朗普对《纽约时报》表示，如果伊朗未能与美国达成最终核协议，他将重启军事打击，或者让美国成为 "中东的守护者"，以换取该地区五分之一的收入。UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, in a joint statement with France, Germany and Italy, said the deal must be "implemented rapidly and comprehensively".英国首相基尔・斯塔默与法国、德国、意大利发表联合声明称，该协议必须 "迅速、全面地落实"。"This is a moment of opportunity to restore regional stability and stabilize the global economy," Starmer said.斯塔默表示："这是恢复地区稳定、稳定全球经济的机遇时刻。"French President Emmanuel Macron posted online that leaders at this week's G7 meeting will discuss the long-term reopening of the Strait of Hormuz.法国总统埃马纽埃尔・马克龙在网上发文称，本周七国集团会议的领导人将讨论霍尔木兹海峡的长期开放问题。"The aim will be to see the consequences of this agreement, support for Lebanon, the lasting reopening of Hormuz and of course the concluding of an accord on nuclear and ballistic activities in Iran," Macron said on Instagram.马克龙在 Instagram 上表示："目标将是落实该协议的成果、支持黎巴嫩、霍尔木兹海峡持久开放，当然还有达成伊朗核活动与弹道导弹活动的最终协议。"Tom Watkins, deputy chief of staff to former Michigan governor James Blanchard, told China Daily: "If it is to believed, and if it holds, it is good news for the people of Lebanon, Iran and for people of the world. With multiple false starts, even the most optimistic observer is waiting anxiously for its implementation."美国密歇根州前州长詹姆斯・布兰查德的办公厅副主任汤姆・沃特金斯对《中国日报》表示："如果消息属实且协议能够持续，这对黎巴嫩、伊朗人民以及全世界人民都是好消息。由于此前多次出现反复，即便是最乐观的观察人士也在焦急等待协议的落实。""Many innocent people in the Middle East, including women and children, have been killed and wounded because of this war," Watkins said.沃特金斯称："中东地区许多无辜民众，包括妇女和儿童，都因这场战争死伤。"This Trump administration war of choice has been costly for the US in loss of life, treasury and reputation, and many observers believe it leaves the US no more secure than before it started, he said.他表示，这场特朗普政府主动发起的战争让美国在生命、财政和声誉方面付出了沉重代价，许多观察人士认为，美国的安全程度并不比战争开始前更高。As in all "deals", the devil will be in the details that will dribble out, he added.他补充道，与所有 "协议" 一样，问题的关键将在于逐步披露的具体细节。mediator /ˈmiːdieɪtə(r)/ n. 调停者，斡旋者blockade /blɒˈkeɪd/ n. 封锁enriched uranium /ɪnˈrɪtʃt jʊˈreɪniəm/ 浓缩铀implementation /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ n. 实施，执行

Major cities report sharp increases in departure tax refund transactions各大城市离境退税业务量大幅增长Chinese-made drones, smartphones, action cameras and designer toys are increasingly replacing tea, porcelain and panda-themed gifts on foreign tourists' shopping lists in China, as they increasingly seek innovative, higher-value products offering strong value for money, advanced features and models often unavailable abroad, according to customs authorities across the country.全国海关表示，外国游客在华购物清单中，国产无人机、智能手机、运动相机、潮流玩具正逐步取代茶叶、瓷器、熊猫周边礼品。如今他们更青睐创意足、附加值高的商品，这类产品性价比出众、功能先进，且很多款式在海外难以买到。Bolstered by the "Shopping in China" campaign and the growing popularity of the "China Travel" trend, customs authorities in major cities have reported sharp increases in departure tax refund transactions during the first five months, and expect the momentum to continue throughout the year.依托“购在中国”活动以及“中国游”热度持续攀升，各大城市海关数据显示，今年前五个月离境退税业务量大幅上涨，业内预计这一势头将贯穿全年。Customs officials at Nanjing Lukou International Airport in Jiangsu province verified 1,171 departure tax refund applications during the January-May period, covering tax-refundable goods worth 26.67 million yuan ($3.94 million), up 173.6 percent and 32.42 percent year-on-year, respectively, said Nanjing Customs.南京海关介绍，今年1至5月，江苏南京禄口国际机场海关共审核通过1171笔离境退税申请，退税商品总值达2667万元人民币（折合394万美元），同比分别增长173.6%和32.42%。Zhang Qian, a customs official at the airport, said that as departure tax refund transactions continue to rise, new trends are emerging in shopping preferences of foreign visitors.该机场海关工作人员张茜表示，随着离境退税业务不断增多，外国游客的购物偏好也出现了新趋势。"Chinese-made smart electronic products and trendy domestic cultural and creative goods have become increasingly popular among foreign travelers, attracting growing interest with their quality, innovation and distinctive Chinese appeal," said Zhang.她说道：“国产智能电子产品、新潮文创商品深受外国游客喜爱，凭借优良品质、创新设计和浓郁的中国特色收获了越来越多关注。”Hong Yang, another customs official at Ningbo Customs' airport branch in Zhejiang province shared similar views.浙江宁波海关机场办事处工作人员洪洋也持相同看法。"Fashion apparel, beauty products and premium lifestyle goods are also gaining traction among foreign travelers departing from Ningbo," she said.她表示：“时装、美妆产品以及高端生活日用品，也越来越受到从宁波离境的外国游客青睐。”Guan Lixin, a researcher specializing in marketing and consumption at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation in Beijing, said the shift in foreign visitors' purchasing patterns reflects how Chinese brands are moving up the value chain and gaining recognition among consumers worldwide. Many products also offer better value and a wider selection of models than those available overseas.北京商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院流通与消费研究所的研究员关利欣认为，外国游客消费偏好的转变，体现出中国品牌正迈向价值链高端，获得全球消费者认可。不少国产商品性价比更高，款式选择也比海外市场更丰富。Guan said the trend also highlights the growing appeal of shopping as part of the travel experience in China, with foreign visitors seeking unique products that combine practical value, cultural elements and memorable experiences.关利欣称，这一趋势也说明，购物已成为中国旅行体验中极具吸引力的一环，外国游客偏爱兼具实用性、文化特色且能留下美好回忆的特色商品。To further enhance the shopping experience for foreign visitors, the Shanghai municipal government recently rolled out a new departure tax refund program, introducing new measures such as upgraded end-to-end digital tax refund services and improved digital verification services at ports of departure.为进一步优化外国游客购物体验，上海市政府近期推出全新离境退税方案，升级全流程线上退税服务，并完善口岸线上核验等多项举措。Shanghai Customs processed 201,000 departure tax refund verification forms between January and May, with refund-eligible purchases totaling 1.92 billion yuan, up 300 percent and 62 percent year-on-year, respectively, underscoring the growing popularity of tax-free shopping among foreign visitors.今年1至5月，上海海关共审核20.1万份离境退税单据，退税消费总额达19.2亿元人民币，同比分别增长300%和62%，足以体现免税购物在外国游客中愈发受欢迎。In the Chinese capital, Beijing Customs verified 87,906 departure tax refund applications during the first five months, involving refund-eligible purchases worth 758 million yuan, up 612.42 percent and 53.13 percent year-on-year, respectively.首都北京方面，北京海关前五个月共审核通过87906笔离境退税申请，退税商品总额7.58亿元人民币，同比分别上涨612.42%和53.13%。In a further move to encourage spending by international travelers, the Ministry of Commerce and several other government departments unveiled a new departure tax refund program in May aimed at optimizing departure tax refund services and expanding inbound consumption.为进一步提振境外游客消费，商务部等多部门于5月发布全新离境退税相关方案，旨在优化退税服务、扩大入境消费规模。The policy package includes broader coverage of departure tax refund stores, paperless processing, enhanced refund-upon-purchase services and more efficient verification procedures.该系列政策包括扩大退税商店覆盖范围、推行无纸化办理、优化即买即退服务以及简化核验流程。The measures will make refund-upon-purchase services more convenient by enabling travelers to complete tax refund procedures at any eligible port of departure, said Yang Mu, director of the department of market operation and consumption promotion at the Ministry of Commerce.商务部市场运行和消费促进司司长杨沐表示，新规允许游客在任意合规离境口岸办理退税，将大幅提升即买即退服务的便捷度。transaction /trænˈzækʃn/交易；业务办理momentum /məˈmentəm/势头；发展趋势verification /ˌverɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/核验；审核premium /ˈpriːmiəm/高端的；优质的underscore /ˌʌndəˈskɔː(r)/强调；凸显unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/公布；推出（政策、方案）

Chinese humanoid robot startups are moving beyond choreographed demonstrations and into factories and retail stores, racing to secure real-world deployments that could eventually scale to tens of thousands of machines.中国的人形机器人初创企业正走出编排好的演示阶段，进入工厂和零售商店，争相实现真实场景的部署，最终有望达到数万台机器的规模。The shift gained further momentum on Tuesday when the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council launched a nationwide initiative to accelerate humanoid robot adoption across manufacturing, logistics, retail, healthcare and other sectors.这一转变在6月9日获得了进一步动力，工业和信息化部与国务院国有资产监督管理委员会当天启动了一项全国性专项行动，旨在加速人形机器人在制造业、物流、零售、医疗等领域的应用。The initiative aims to create more than 100 high-value application scenarios by the end of 2026 and drive large-scale deployment of more than 10,000 humanoid robots, underscoring China‘s ambition to turn humanoid robots into a new pillar of industrial growth.该专项行动的目标是，到2026年底打造100个以上高价值应用场景，带动形成万台级规模落地能力，凸显出中国将人形机器人培育为产业增长新支柱的决心。Among the early movers is Beijing-based Robotera, whose humanoid robots have already been deployed in more than 10 logistics centers operated by China Post and SF Holding across North, East and South China.总部位于北京的星动纪元（Robotera）是该领域的先行者之一，其人形机器人已在中国邮政和顺丰控股于华北、华东和华南地区运营的10多个物流中心投入应用。In a facility in Beijing on Wednesday, a Robotera humanoid robot packed products into cardboard boxes. When an item was unexpectedly removed from the box, the robot immediately detected the change, retrieved the object and completed the task again.6月10日，在北京的一处设施内，一台星动纪元的人形机器人正将产品装入纸箱。当一件物品意外被从箱中取出时，机器人立即察觉这一变化，重新拾起该物品，并再次完成了任务。Chen Jianyu, founder of Robotera, said that its humanoid robots can process up to 1,200 parcels per hour, approaching human-level productivity in some logistics environments.星动纪元创始人陈建宇表示，其人形机器人每小时最多可处理1200个包裹，在某些物流环境中已接近人类的生产效率。“We want robots to enter factories and logistics parks and become real productive forces,” he said.“我们希望机器人进入工厂和物流园区，成为真正的生产力，”他说。The company‘s commercial traction is already visible. Robotera’s co-founder Xi Yue said the company is already delivering orders in thousands of units this year as demand accelerates.该公司的商业化进展已经显现。星动纪元联合创始人席悦表示，随着需求加速增长，公司今年已开始交付数千台订单。A similar race is unfolding in retail. Beijing-based Galbot, another embodied AI startup, has opened autonomous retail stores, known as galaxy capsules, across the city, and deployed humanoid robots in some of Beijing‘s FamilyMart convenience stores.类似的竞赛也在零售领域展开。总部位于北京的具身智能初创企业银河通用（Galbot）已在全市开设了名为“银河太空舱”的无人零售店，并在北京的部分全家便利店部署了人形机器人。Inside the silver, spacecraft-like capsule stores, humanoid robots prepare coffee, retrieve drinks and serve customers without human assistance.在银色、类似太空舱的胶囊店铺内，人形机器人无需人工协助即可制作咖啡、取用饮料并为顾客服务。The pace of improvement has been rapid. When Galbot opened its first capsule store last August, a robot took 46 seconds to pick up and deliver a cup of coffee. Less than a year later, that time has been cut to 18 seconds.改进的速度非常快。去年8月银河通用开设首家胶囊店时，机器人取送一杯咖啡需要46秒。不到一年后，这一时间已缩短至18秒。Galbot‘s co-founder Zhang Zhizheng said the company plans to launch similar stores in 10 cities, locating them in commercial districts, transportation hubs, tourist attractions and urban neighborhoods.银河通用联合创始人张志正表示，公司计划在10个城市开设类似的店铺，选址于商业区、交通枢纽、旅游景点和城市社区。He added that Galbot has pursued a dual-track strategy, deploying robots in both industrial and retail settings.他补充说，银河通用采取了双轨战略，在工业领域和零售场景同时部署机器人。According to him, its Galbot S1 mobile robot, capable of carrying loads of up to 50 kilograms while operating continuously through battery swapping, has entered production lines at companies including battery giant CATL and automaker BAIC Group.据他介绍，其Galbot S1移动机器人能够通过更换电池持续运行，可承载高达50公斤的负载，已进入电池巨头宁德时代和汽车制造商北汽集团等公司的生产线。Jiang Han, a senior researcher at market consultancy Pangoal, said: “What‘s happening now is a transition from laboratory validation to large-scale commercial deployment.市场咨询机构盘古智库的高级研究员江瀚表示：“当前正经历从实验室验证到大规模商业部署的转变。The key breakthrough is not that the robots can move. It’s that they can operate autonomously in complex, dynamic environments as part of everyday business operations.”“关键的突破不在于机器人能动，而在于它们能够作为日常商业运营的一部分，在复杂、动态的环境中自主运行。”choreographed /ˈkɒriəɡrɑːft/精心编排的Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) /ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈɪndəstri ənd ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən tekˈnɒlədʒi/工业和信息化部State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) /steɪt əʊnd ˈæsets ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒən ənd ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən/国务院国有资产监督管理委员会large-scale deployment /lɑːdʒ skeɪl dɪˈplɔɪmənt/规模化落地pillar of industrial growth /ˈpɪlə əv ɪnˈdʌstriəl ɡrəʊθ/产业增长支柱dual-track strategy /ˈdjuːəl træk ˈstrætədʒi/双轨战略

Julian Quinones and Raul Jimenez scored in each half as co-host Mexico beat nine-man South Africa 2-0 in the opening match of the 2026 FIFA World Cup on Thursday.周四，2026年国际足联世界杯揭幕战打响。联合东道主墨西哥上下半场各入一球，最终以2比0战胜仅剩九人作战的南非，胡利安·基尼奥内斯与劳尔·希门尼斯分别取得进球。Quinones capitalized on a turnover to give his side an early lead in the Group A clash before Sphephelo Sithole received a red card for bringing down Brian Gutierrez.在这场A组对决中，基尼奥内斯抓住对手失误率先破门，帮助球队取得领先。随后斯费费洛·西托莱因绊倒布莱恩·古铁雷斯被出示红牌。Jimenez nodded in Mexico's second goal and South Africa suffered a further blow when Themba Zwane was also sent off for a high challenge on Roberto Alvarado.希门尼斯头球打进墨西哥第二球，南非再遭重创，滕巴·兹瓦内因对罗伯托·阿尔瓦拉多做出危险铲抢动作，同样被罚下场。Mexico also finished the match a man down after defender Cesar Montes was dismissed for an ugly challenge on Khuliso Mudau.墨西哥后卫塞萨尔·蒙特斯因恶意犯规库利索·穆道被罚下，墨西哥最终也以十人打完余下比赛。Buoyed by strong local support in a crowd of more than 80,000 at Mexico City Stadium, "El Tri" took control from the opening whistle.墨西哥城体育场涌入八万余名现场观众，本土球迷的热情助威让这支“三色军团”从开场哨响便掌控了比赛节奏。Colombia-born forward Quinones broke the deadlock in the ninth minute of the Group A clash, sending a low drive between the legs of goalkeeper Ronwen Williams after Erik Lira's pressing forced a turnover.出生于哥伦比亚的前锋基尼奥内斯在A组赛事第9分钟打破僵局：埃里克·利拉前场逼抢造成对手丢球，基尼奥内斯随即一脚低射，皮球从门将罗恩温·威廉姆斯双腿之间钻入网窝。Mexico also finished the match a man down after defender Cesar Montes was dismissed for an ugly challenge on Khuliso Mudau.墨西哥后卫塞萨尔·蒙特斯因恶意犯规库利索·穆道被罚下，墨西哥最终也以十人打完余下比赛。Buoyed by strong local support in a crowd of more than 80,000 at Mexico City Stadium, "El Tri" took control from the opening whistle.墨西哥城体育场涌入八万余名现场观众，本土球迷的热情助威让这支“三色军团”从开场哨响便掌控了比赛节奏。Colombia-born forward Quinones broke the deadlock in the ninth minute of the Group A clash, sending a low drive between the legs of goalkeeper Ronwen Williams after Erik Lira's pressing forced a turnover.出生于哥伦比亚的前锋基尼奥内斯在A组赛事第9分钟打破僵局：埃里克·利拉前场逼抢造成对手丢球，基尼奥内斯随即一脚低射，皮球从门将罗恩温·威廉姆斯双腿之间钻入网窝。South Africa's only shot on target in the first 45 minutes came from Mbekezeli Mbokazi, but his tame effort was comfortably saved by Raul Rangel.南非在上半场45分钟仅有姆贝凯泽利·姆博卡齐一脚射正，然而这脚绵软的射门被劳尔·兰赫尔轻松没收。Mexico began the second half with the same intensity as it ended the first. Alvaro Fidalgo showed fancy footwork in the area but laid the ball off when a shot seemed the better option, and Brian Gutierrez then sent a 25-yard drive over the bar.墨西哥下半场延续了上半场尾声的比赛强度。阿尔瓦罗·菲达尔戈在禁区内施展娴熟脚下技术，本可选择射门却选择了分球；随后布莱恩·古铁雷斯在25码外起脚劲射，皮球高出横梁。Sithole earned the tournament's first red card after clattering into Gutierrez when the midfielder was through on goal.古铁雷斯形成单刀机会时，西托莱凶狠冲撞对手，领到本届赛事首张红牌。Jimenez extended the lead in the 67th minute, heading in following Roberto Alvarado's perfectly weighted cross.第67分钟，罗伯托·阿尔瓦拉多送出落点极佳的传中，希门尼斯头球破门，进一步扩大比分优势。Tempers frayed in the final minutes as Zwane and Montes were both sent off as Mexico secured its first ever win in an opening World Cup fixture.比赛最后阶段双方情绪失控，兹瓦内与蒙特斯先后被罚下。墨西哥也拿下了队史首场世界杯揭幕战胜利。turnover /ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)/（体育）失误，丢球；控球权转换dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/（足球）罚下（球员）；驱逐deadlock /ˈdedlɒk/僵局intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/强度；激烈程度clatter /ˈklætə(r)/凶狠冲撞、恶意铲抢fray /freɪ/（情绪、关系）变得紧张、失控

After China's central government raised the proportion of after-tax profits that State-owned enterprises must remit to the State, a growing number of provinces are following suit, aiming to ease widening fiscal revenue-expenditure gaps and free up more funds for social welfare and livelihood programs.继我国中央政府上调国有企业税后利润上缴国家的比例后，越来越多的省份纷纷跟进效仿，旨在缓解日益扩大的财政收支缺口，为社会福利和民生项目腾出更多资金。The moves come as local governments face mounting fiscal pressures from a protracted property downturn, weak land sales and rising mandatory spending on pensions, healthcare and debt servicing, and tapping SOE profits has become an increasingly important lever, experts said.专家表示，当前地方政府受楼市长期低迷、土地出让收入疲软、养老金、医疗、偿债等刚性支出不断增加影响，财政压力持续加大，盘活国企利润已然成为愈发重要的调控手段。The provinces of Guangdong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Hainan have all signaled in their recently released 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) outlines that they will "reasonably raise" profit remittance ratios of local SOEs, and/or dynamically optimize collection rates.广东、江西、江苏、海南等省份在近期发布的“十五五”（2026-2030年）规划纲要中明确提出，将合理上调地方国企利润上缴比例，并动态优化征缴费率。Localities such as the provinces of Guizhou and Hunan, as well as the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, have already steadily increased their own ratios.贵州、湖南、广西壮族自治区等多地已稳步上调本地国企利润上缴比例。China launched its State capital operations budget in 2008, requiring wholly State-owned enterprises to hand over a portion of their after-tax profits. The rates have been raised several times since.我国于2008年设立国有资本经营预算制度，要求国有独资企业上缴部分税后利润，此后该上缴比例已历经多次上调。"Revenue growth has slowed in recent years, but mandatory spending has continued to climb. Increasing the share of SOE profits handed over to the State directly boosts funds available to bridge the gap between income and expenditure, which is the most immediate driver," said Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities.粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示：“近年来财政收入增速放缓，但刚性支出持续攀升。提高国企利润上缴比例，能够直接增加可支配资金，填补财政收支缺口，这是当前最直接有效的举措。”Luo said State capital returns had been locked up within individual enterprises, making it hard to create coordinated policy. By centralizing those funds, the government can channel resources into priority areas such as major national initiatives, technological innovation, social programs and risk management.罗志恒称，以往国有资本收益留存于企业内部，难以形成统筹协同的政策效能。通过集中统筹这类资金，政府可以将资源精准投入国家重大战略、科技创新、社会民生、风险防控等重点领域。At the central level, the top rate for tobacco producers and resource-based firms — which account for the lion's share of central government revenue from State capital operations — now stands at 35 percent, up from 20 percent in 2014.在中央层面，烟草企业和资源型企业是中央国有资本经营收入的主要来源，这类企业的最高利润上缴比例已从2014年的20%上调至目前的35%。For local governments, rates vary but are also trending upward. Jilin province, for example, lifted its base rate from 20 percent to 30 percent in 2020.地方国企的利润上缴比例虽各地不一，但整体呈上调趋势。例如，吉林省已于2020年将基础上缴比例从20%提升至30%。Guangxi set a 35 percent rate for financial and resource enterprises and 30 percent for others starting in 2025.广西则自2025年起，将金融类、资源类国企上缴比例定为35%，其他类国企定为30%。"The general direction is a moderate increase, with rates differentiated by industry and region. Financial and resource firms typically pay more, while public-welfare enterprises pay less or may be temporarily exempted to encourage long-term investment," said Li Yan, a professor at Central University of Finance and Economics.中央财经大学教授李岩表示：“整体调控方向是适度上调比例，同时实行分行业、分地区差异化政策。金融、资源类企业上缴比例更高，公益类企业上缴比例较低，或可暂时减免，以此鼓励企业长期投入发展。”The impact on government coffers has been immediate. At the central level, after Beijing raised remittance rates in 2025, State capital operational revenue jumped 73.3 percent year-on-year to 390.3 billion yuan ($57.6 billion), far exceeding the budgeted figure, said the Ministry of Finance.财政部数据显示，政策对财政收入的提振效果立竿见影。2025年中央上调利润上缴比例后，中央国有资本经营收入同比大增73.3%，达到3903亿元（折合576亿美元），大幅超出预算规模。That allowed the central government to transfer 240 billion yuan into the general public budget — a record amount — to fund social welfare, education and infrastructure, the ministry said.财政部表示，这笔资金让中央政府得以向一般公共预算调入2400亿元资金，创下历史新高，专项用于保障社会福利、教育、基础设施建设等民生重点领域。At the local level, State capital operational revenue rose from about 94.7 billion yuan in 2015 to 464.4 billion yuan in 2025, a nearly fivefold increase. Transfers from the State capital budget to the general public budget also expanded, reaching 334.1 billion yuan last year.地方层面，国有资本经营收入从2015年的947亿元增长至2025年的4644亿元，涨幅接近五倍。国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的资金规模也持续扩大，去年达到3341亿元。"Raising remittance rates and expanding coverage could help local governments narrow their fiscal gaps and better reflect the public nature of State capital," said Deng Shulian, a professor at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.上海财经大学教授邓淑莲表示：“上调国企利润上缴比例、扩大上缴范围，能够帮助地方政府缩小财政收支缺口，更好地彰显国有资本的公共属性。”Experts caution against a one-size-fits-all hike.专家提醒，利润上缴比例上调不可采取“一刀切”模式。"The increase should be moderate, differentiated by sector and enterprise type, and be periodically reviewed based on industry conditions, profitability and fiscal needs," Deng said.邓淑莲表示，比例上调应适度推进，根据行业、企业类型实行差异化标准，并结合行业发展形势、企业盈利状况和财政需求进行定期动态调整。remit /rɪˈmɪt/上缴（款项）；汇款；免除fiscal /ˈfɪskl/财政的；国库的protracted /prəˈtræktɪd/持久的，长期拖延的mandatory /ˈmændətɔːri/强制的，法定的，刚性的coffer /ˈkɒfə(r)/（复数）国库，金库；资金储备differentiate /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/区分，差异化对待；辨别