Coral archives reveal a shift in El Niño strength

The El Niño underway in the Pacific Ocean has been called extraordinary, supersized and likely record-breaking. And while El Niño is a natural climate phenomenon, its warming effects are being boosted by climate change. Julia Cole, a paleoclimatologist at the University of Michigan, recently used corals growing around the Galapagos Islands to create a local temperature record of the ocean going back 1,000 years to add to what they've learned from similar studies elsewhere in the Pacific. She said the temperature record in this area of the East Pacific indicates that the El Niños from the last 40 to 50 years are unlike anything the area experienced in the last millennium. Her study was published in the journal Science.

The El Niño underway in the Pacific Ocean is a natural climate phenomenon but its warming effects are being boosted by climate change. Researchers recently used corals growing around the Galapagos Islands to create a local temperature record of the ocean going back 1,000 years.Also today: Massive study redraws bat family tree and uncovers genetic odditiesHow the Surinam toad uses star-shaped fingertip lobes to ‘see’ its preyT. rex tooth enamel reveals these dinosaurs were warm-bloodedWhy great white sharks are converging on the East Coast

It’s long been a mystery why one particular avian dinosaur was the only kind to survive mass extinction, but the recent discovery of a perfectly preserved fossilized feather, found in a cherry-sized piece of dinosaur poop, offers new clues.Also today: Why citizen scientists buried thousands of undiesHow climate change tipped the scales on a catastrophic Himalayan avalancheWhy an AI leap has left mathematicians feeling uneasyWhy scientists put teeny-tiny micro-trackers on chimney swifts

Summer is fieldwork time for many scientists. We talk to researchers who have been busy hiking on fresh lava, capturing thousands of ticks, shooing away moose from their study sites, and even spelunking for Neanderthals — all in the ever-important quest for data.

Quirks & Quarks has been taking your burning questions for 50 years. And while we thought we might have answered every question there is, our listeners proved there are always more science questions for us to tackle. Including:What does the black hole orbit?What do you sweat out in a sauna?Why are robins' eggs blue?What if we no longer had a moon?Did dinosaurs produce milk?Were there ever giant humans?

From doubting our doubts to sleuthing out scientific fraud, this week we revisit some of our favourite stories about humans.

For our 50th anniversary celebration last October, we spoke with some of Canada's top scientists about their predictions for the future. We revisit our conversations with:Evan Fraser, director of Arrell Food Institute and professor of geography at the University of GuelphKatie Mack, Hawking Chair in Cosmology and Science Communication at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical PhysicsLuke Stark, assistant professor in the faculty of information and media studies at Western UniversityLaura Tozer, assistant professor of environmental studies at the University of TorontoAna Luisa Trejos, professor in the department electrical and computer engineering and the school of biomedical engineering and Canada Research Chair in wearable mechatronics at Western University in London, Ont.Yvonne Bombard, professor at the University of Toronto and scientist and Canada Research Chair in Genomics Health Services and Policy

From filming a black hole to flaming hot water ice on Neptune, we revisit some of our favourite space-related stories from the past season.

On this week’s best of Quirks & Quarks, we revisit our annual holiday listener question show, with fascinating queries like:Why did a Canadian astronaut's eyesight change when she went to space? How is the dust inside our homes changing? Why do some professional athletes stick out their tongues when they play?Why are most fruits round, but bananas and pineapple are not? What would have happened if the dino-killing asteroid never struck Earth?We'll satisfy all these scientific curiosities and many more!

From the science of how we sweat to solving golf's greatest mystery, we revisit some of our favourite summery segments from the past season.