How jail-time is decided

Government ministers have been trying to promote grit among young people in England as part of proposals to improve young people's mental health and increase school attendance. 'Grit' is the latest in a lengthy line of interventions from education secretaries who've been keen to emphasise the values they think children should be learning in school. Dr Lydia Marshall, head of research at the education consultancy Oxford Measured, tells Adam about the long and winding history

The government has launched a new initiative to help teachers address a crisis in mental health among young people and a sharp drop in school attendance since the pandemic. The Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson says she wants schools to teach children greater "grit and resilience" to handle "life's ups and downs". It's the latest in a long line of interventions from education secretaries seeking to encourage the values they think children should be learning in school.Is this the promotion of an important life skill or the latest gimmick burdening teachers?Presenter: Adam Fleming Producers: Josephine Casserly, Viv Jones, Jason Murugesu and Nik Sindle Editor: Penny Murphy Production Coordinator: Janet Staples Studio Engineer: Hal Haines

In the last few weeks Adam has been noticing things popping up on his social media timeline tagged with the word “Yookay”, which is supposed to be a reference to how UK is pronounced in a multicultural London accent. The content is a combination of pictures of streets or public transport and sometimes videos. So what's going on? I spoke to Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan, analyst at the thinktank the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, who researches anti-migrant sentiment online.

As the Prime Minister announced reforms to the UK's immigration system, he warned that without these changes we risk becoming an "island of strangers". This has drawn criticism comparing his remarks to historical examples of inflammatory language on immigration. Others say this comparison is unfair and his comments were part of a sensible conversation about immigration.Presenter: Adam Fleming Producers: Bethan Ashmead Latham, Josephine Casserly, Viv Jones and Nik Sindle Editor: Richard Vadon Production Coordinator: Janet Staples Studio Engineer: Hal Haines

A group of Labour MP's say they're opposed to government plans to cut the benefits paid to disabled people, with a lot of the online debate focusing on PIP - Personal Independence Payments. BBC journalist Emma Tracey presents the BBC's disability and mental health podcast, Access All, she explains what these payments are, how they can be used and who is eligible to claim.

There's a row in the Labour Party about cutting the benefits paid to disabled people. Ministers say they're trying to manage a budget that's ballooning. That's partly because of more claims from the young and from people with mental health conditions. But others say that these payments are lifelines for people with both mental and physical disabilities. Presenter: Adam Fleming Producers: Josephine Casserly, Viv Jones, Bethan Ashmead-Latham and Tom Gillett Production Coordinator: Janet Staples Studio Engineer: Hal Haines

A campaign to get verbal abuse on the agenda has sparked debate with headlines that say shouting at children is as bad as physical abuse.What does the evidence actually say about the words we use when speaking to children? Where did the phenomenon of gentle parenting come from, and how do you do it? And who decides how we treat our kids?Presenter: Adam Fleming Producers: Lucy Proctor, Josephine Casserly, Bethan Ashmead Latham, Tom Gillet Production coordinator: Janet Staples Editor: Penny Murphy

What does the Supreme Court ruling mean for trans people and single sex services? Michael Foran, lecturer in public law at the University of Glasgow, explains.

What does the Supreme Court ruling on biological sex mean for the health service?The UK’s top court says that under equality law a woman is a biological woman and a man is a biological man. It’s sparked discussion about how the NHS accommodates trans people when it comes to single sex spaces, like women-only wards. What do the judgment and equality legislation say about providing services to only one sex? What does NHS policy say and how might it change? And why has the language used by health services become so controversial when it comes to women’s health?Presenter: Adam Fleming Producers: Simon Maybin, Josephine Casserly, Bethan Ashmead Latham, Tom Gillett Production coordinator: Janet Staples Editor: Penny Murphy

How much leeway do judges have when sentencing? Professor Julian Roberts of the Sentencing Academy explains what guidelines judges use and how public perceptions sometimes differ from what's actually happening in the courts.