Friction

The function words TO and THE tend to change in connected speech if a vowel follows them. But increasingly young English speakers are not changing the words and using a glottal stop before a following vowel instead.Could we even get an intrusive r in there? It's all in this episode of the pog. 

Sir David Attenborough can make anything sound interesting. How does he do it?It's all about two areas of intonation: TONE (pitch movement) and TONALITY (chunking speech). In this episode, and to mark his 100th birthday I explore his unique delivery and compare him to that other internationally famous ageing RP speaker: King Charles III. 

After a recent video comparing RP (Received Pronunciation) with SSBE (Standard Southern British English) several viewers commented that SSBE sounds more similar to GA (General American). Why do people hear this? Are there any features that stand out? That's what I explore in this episode of the Pog. 

Approximants are sounds that sit somewhere in between vowels and consonants. They are widely referred to as "semi-vowels" or "semi-consonants", and they are strange in many ways. In this episode I explore 10 weird things about approximants with an actual list:1) The name APPROXIMANT2) Double articulations of /r/ and /w/3) Silent letters4) J ≠ /j/ 5) Rhoticity6) Intrusive /r/7) Dark l8) Diphthongs9) Devoicing10) Tapped /r/I also answer a question about cockney /r/. 

The English plosive consonants /p,t,k,b,d,g/ are made by fully blocking air as it leaves the body. Although they have strong spelling to sound relationships, they are a little bit tricky in pronunciation with processes including aspiration, affrication, glottalisation and many assimilations. In this episode I explore these sounds and processes, and answer a question about the ending of the word ORANGE. 

Fricatives /f,v,θ,ð,s,z,ʃ,ʒ,h/ constitute the biggest group of consonants in English pronunciation. And they are the weirdest looking group, with nearly half of the symbols additional to the alphabet. In this episode we get to grips with the pronunciation of these sounds, and some of the peculiarities found in both their spellings, and the way the join together. 

We shift focus to the 24 consonant sounds of GB English and discover how to categorise them using voicing, place and manner. 

A monophthong is a vowel sound with one position of the mouth. A diphthong is a vowel sound that moves from one position to another. This episode is about the latter group. I also discuss swimwear and answer a question about the term GB. 

A look at how English vowel length is affected by surrounding sounds and intonation. 

The vowel sounds /ɪ,ʊ,ɛ,ɒ,ʌ,a/ form a neat group of short sounds. Or do they? SPOILER: There is a traitor in the midst. In today's episode I also try to answer a question regarding why the /t/ in THEATRE is pronounced /s/ in GB English.