Biosphere Bulletin June/July 2024

It has been 365 days of Right Up Your Algae! 22 episodes later Clara and Emily are back and ready for a new year of sharing with you, stories and research about our natural world. The gals are taking it back to their roots and talking algae... kelp to be more specific. 1. Alexander-Michael A., et al. (2020). "The response of the northwest Atlantic Ocean to climate change." Journal of Climate 33.2: 405-428.2. Debernard, J., Sætra, Ø., & Røed, L. P. (2002). Future wind, wave and storm surge climate in the northern North Atlantic. Climate research, 23(1), 39-49.3. Fredriksen, S., Filbee-Dexter, K., Norderhaug, K.M. et al. (2020). Green gravel: a novel restoration tool to combat kelp forest decline. Sci Rep 10, 3983. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60553-x4. Hatcher, B. G., Chapman, A. O., & Mann, K. H. (1977). An annual carbon budget for the kelp Laminaria longicruris. Marine Biology, 44, 85-96.5. Johnson, C. R., & Mann, K. H. (1988). Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian kelp beds. Ecological Monographs, 58(2), 129-154.6. Donovan Moira. (2023). Why scientists are looking to landscaping gravel to help restore Nova Scotia's kelp, CBC.7. Khan, Amina H., et al. (2018). "The effect of global climate change on the future distribution of economically important macroalgae (seaweeds) in the northwest Atlantic." Facets 3.1: 275-286.8. Krause-Jensen, D., & Duarte, C. M. (2016). Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience, 9(10), 737-742.9. Merzouk, A., & Johnson, L. E. (2011). Kelp distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean under a changing climate. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 400(1-2), 90-98.10. Wilson, K. L., Skinner, M. A., & Lotze, H. K. (2019). Projected 21st‐century distribution of canopy‐forming seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change. Diversity and Distributions, 25(4), 582-602.11. Wright, L. S., Pessarrodona, A., & Foggo, A. (2022). Climate‐driven shifts in kelp forest composition reduce carbon sequestration potential. Global Change Biology, 28(18), 5514-5531.

In today's episode, Clara discusses the peculiar observations of blue frogs in Nova Scotia. This episode will also look at the mutations in green frogs that make them appear blue. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sources: Rare 'blue' frog spotted in Nova Scotia | CTV NewsC. Kenneth Dodd Jr. (2023). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Johns Hopkins University Press.Frog Species in Canada | The Canadian EncyclopediaWhat Kingdom Do Frogs Belong To? (Frog Taxonomy Guide) (toadsnfrogs.com)Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) - PMC (nih.gov)Beyond beauty, colour serves important functions for frogs and toads around the world | Research Communities by Springer Nature2285-Article Text-10311-1-10-20200226 (1).pdfIt’s not easy being green, but rare blue frog finds fame in Chance Harbour | CBC.ca'I thought it was a piece of plastic': Rare blue frog spotted by hiker near Oxford (cbc.ca)

In this episode, Emily discusses the somber topic of infant formula advertisements that have led to tragedy within developing nations. This episode sheds light on Nestle's role in these advertisements and how they have led to the death of children worldwide. Please note this episode discusses the death of children and may not be suitable for everyone. email:[email protected]: @rightupyouralgaepodcastSources: 25: The Formula - Swindled (swindledpodcast.com)Sugar: for Nestlé, not all babies are equal | Public EyeThe Baby Killer Nestle : Mike Muller : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet ArchiveBarriers to Breastfeeding in the United States - The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding - NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)Breastfeeding (who.int)Beyond the infant formula business there is resistance | AIMS

In this episode we will look at different ways that animals cool off in the hot weather.Insta: @rightupyouralgaeEmail: [email protected]:https://www.popsci.com/diy/how-to-keep-cats-cool-in-summer/https://vetericyn.com/blog/horse-sweat/#:~:text=Horses%20have%20different%20sweat%20glands,sweat%20mostly%20through%20eccrine%20glands.&text=Apocrine%20glands%20produce%20sweat%20that,more%20protein%20and%20fewer%20electrolytes.https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g2355/2023/html/view#:~:text=When%20sheep%20and%20goats%20overheat,the%20ears%20and%20lower%20legshttps://dairy.extension.wisc.edu/articles/animal-handling-during-heat-stress/#Introductionhttps://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.acadiau.ca:9443/science/article/pii/S0047248418301519?via%3Dihubhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/ https://www.livescience.com/59254-facts-about-sweating.html..... Contact email for the rest of episode sources

What's in a name? maybe more than you think. This episode gives a look into the ecology and history of the Jijuktu'kwejk River in Nova Scotia as well as how you can help! Learn what Emily has been up to this summer with the non-profit the Jijuktu'kwejk Watershed Alliance in the newest episode of Right up your Algae.Governor Edward Cornwallis: http://www.danielnpaul.com/GovernorEdwardCornwallis.htmlMi'kmaq Chief wants Cornwallis River Renamed: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/mi-kmaq-chief-wants-cornwallis-river-renamed-1.1063182COSEWIC Wood Turtle: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-assessments-status-reports/wood-turtle-2018.htmlCOSEWIC Bank Swallow: https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_hirondelle_rivage_bank_swallow_1213_e.pdfHands off those wild leeks: http://www.macleans.ca/culture/hand-off-those-wild-leeks/Wild Leeks and the Ethics of Foraging: https://northcountryfare.wordpress.com/2015/04/26/wild-leeks-and-the-ethics-of-foraging/

Today's episode will examine dandelions' uses in medicine, cuisine, and environmental remediation. Instagram: @rightupyouralgaepodcastEmail: [email protected]: Differences Between Protista & Monera | Sciencingdoi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.022; 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.004; 10.3390/nu15010080; 10.1007/s11101-019-09622-2; 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00122-9; 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00104.x; 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.003; 10.32113/wcrj_20209_1679; 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.012; 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067; 10.1017/S0890037X00032735; 10.1186/1746-4269-8-6; :10.1021/acs.est.8b04191; 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.032; 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021; 10.1002/ptr.6157; 10.4141/P01-010; 10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733; 10.3390/plants12173087; 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113Dandelion Plants as a Biomonitor of Urban Area Contamination by Heavy Metal.An ethnobotanical survey of the Gollak region, KosovoEthnopharmacognostic survey on the natural ingredients used in folk cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and remedies for healing skin diseases in the inland Marches, Central-Eastern, Italy.The origin of Taraxacum agamospecies. Genetic variation across VNTR loci in central North American Taraxacum surveyed at different spatial scalesEthnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants in human therapy of east, north and northeast Bosnia and HerzegovinaEthnobotanical notes on some medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal PradeshFlavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale.

On today's episodes, Clara and Emily recount 7 news stories about new developments in biology, ecology, and environmental science. Sources: Story 1: https://wwf.panda.org/http://lynx.panda.org/https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/wildlife_practice/profiles/mammals/iberian_lynx/ibelynx_ecology_habitat/https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/iberian-lynx-back-brink-extinction-conservation-efforts-rcna158276https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-93673-zhttps://www.iucn.org/about-iucnStory 2: https://amp.abc.net.au/article/103939084Story3: https://australian.museum/learn/animals/wildlife-sydney/heathland-habitat/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.11535https://www.popsci.com/science/australia-lizard-heath-goanna/Story4: https://warnercnr.source.colostate.edu/new-dinosaur-named-lokiceratops/Story 5: https://theconversation.com/caStory 6: https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.7230250Story 7: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/elephant-names-1.7231387Other: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/https://thebigcatsanctuary.org/news/a-guide-to-the-iberian-lynx/

We ain't lion. Lion prides are some of the most unique social structures among terrestrial mammals. Listen to Emily show Clara the wonderful world of Africa's most iconic animal, the purpose of manes, and some female lions whose new look shocked scientists. Palmer, Meredith S., Natalia Borrego, and Craig Packer. (2023) "Social Strategies of the African Lion." Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators: Hunting and Surviving as Families. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 7-45.West, P. M., and Packer, C. (2002). Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion’s mane. Science 297, 1339–1343.University of Minnesota (2024). Social Behaviour, Lion Research Center.Emily P. Mitchell, Adrian Tordiffe, Peter Caldwell, A case for ovarian transdifferentiation in six adult captive masculinized lionesses (Panthera leo) in South Africa: Pathological evidence, Theriogenology Wild, Volume 1, 2022, 100012, ISSN 2773-093X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2022.100012Blanchard, D. Caroline. "Of lion manes and human beards: some unusual effects of the interaction between aggression and sociality." Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 3 (2010): 945.Sogbohossou, E. A., Bauer, H., Loveridge, A., Funston, P. J., De Snoo, G. R., Sinsin, B., & De Iongh, H. H. (2014). Social structure of lions (Panthera leo) is affected by management in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, Benin. PLoS One, 9(1), e84674.Gilfillan, G. D., McNutt, J. W., Vitale, J. D. T., Iongh, H. H., & Golabek, K. (2017). Rare observation of the existence and masculine behaviour of maned lionesses in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology, 55(3), 383–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12360

In today's episode, we will look at the story of Alexandra Morton, a whale researcher whose career took an unexpected turn when the whales all left. Join Clara and Emily on a journey up to British Columbia and learn about what might be causing the collapse of the wild salmon stocks. We explore the life story of a woman who persevered and made tremendous strides in research. References:Bartlett, S. (Host). (2022-Present). The Salmon People [Audio or Video podcast]. Canada's National Observer. The Salmon People podcast | Canada's National Observer: Climate News Morton, A. (2021). Not on my watch: How a renegade whale biologist took on governments and industry to save wild salmon. Random House Canada.Celebrity Wiki. (2020). Alexandra Morton. CelebsAgeWiki. Alexandra Morton Biography, Age, Height, Husband, Net Worth, Family (celebsagewiki.com)Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). (2018, October 26). Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle. Government of Canada. Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle (dfo-mpo.gc.ca)Pacific Salmon Foundation (2024). Species & lifecycle. Species & Lifecycle | Pacific Salmon Foundation (psf.ca)PacificWild (2024). Pacific salmon species spotlight. Pacific Salmon Species Spotlight - Pacific WildDean, C. (2008, November 3). Saving wild salmon, in hopes of saving the orca. The New York Times. Saving Wild Salmon, in Hopes of Saving the Orca - The New York Times (nytimes.com)Morton, A., Routledge, R., Peet, C., & Ladwig, A. (2004). Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61 (2), 147-157. Kibenge, M.J.T., Wang, Y., Gayeski, N., Morton, A., Beardslee, K., McMillan, B., & Kibenge, F. S. B. (2019). Piscine orthoreovirus sequences in escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in Washington and British Columbia. Virology Journal, 16(41). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1148-2

Emily is talking about whales again. Listen in to learn about one of the most endangered species on earth, what is being done, and some controversies surrounding it. The North Atlantic Right Whale is a struggling species, this episode dives into the reasons for their status, and the most recent information on this year's calves. Endangered North Atlantic right whale injured by Canadian tracking tag, scientists say: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/north-atlantic-right-whale-injured-by-canadian-tag-1.7006911NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/north-atlantic-right-whaleNOAA North Atlantic Right Whale Updates: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/north-atlantic-right-whale-updates#:~:text=On%20April%209%2C%202024%2C%20a,Cod%20Bay%20in%20March%202024.Action Plan: https://wildlife-species.az.ec.gc.ca/species-risk-registry/virtual_sara/files//plans/Ap-Bnan-Narw-v01-2021Mar-Eng.pdfPopulation comparison of right whale body condition reveals poor state of the North Atlantic right whale: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v640/p1-16/Fishermen allowed to fish close to shore in Gulf of St. Lawrence after right whale sighting: https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/fishermen-allowed-to-fish-close-to-shore-in-gulf-of-st-lawrence-after-right-whale-sighting-1.6897724