The Housing Affordability Crisis and What Comes Next

The space economy is expanding rapidly, with projectionsrising from approximately $100 billion today to $400 billion over the next decade. Tim Horan speaks with Brian O'Toole of BlackSky and Graeme Shaw of EarthDaily Analytics about next-generation Earth observation constellations, AI-enabled analytics, and the growing role of satellite communications within the global digital infrastructure.The discussion explores how real-time satellite intelligence and integrated communications networks may define the next phase of space-driven innovation.Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC. 8781620.1

Housing affordability remains under pressure, even asmortgage rates begin to ease. In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Tyler Batory, who covers residential real estate at Oppenheimer, joins Jane Ross to explain why housing demand stalled in 2025 and what may change in 2026.They discuss how rising everyday costs and low consumer confidence are limiting buyer participation, why homebuilders are pulling back on construction, and why tariffs and institutional investors are not major drivers of affordability challenges. Despite this ongoing uncertainty, Batory outlines what could prompt positive long-term changes in the housing cycle.Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC. 8729525.1Full episode disclosures: https://www.oppenheimer.com/news-media/2026/podcast/the-housing-affordability-crisis-and-what-comes-next

Oppenheimer CEO & President Robert (Rob) Lowenthal joins Let’s Talk Future™ to reflect on the major developments that shaped 2025 and to outline the innovation, investment, and market dynamics expected to influence 2026. Rob discusses the unprecedented scale of AI infrastructure investment, the emerging opportunity across healthcare, space technology, defense innovation, and infrastructure, and provides a measured view of valuations, risk, and geopolitics. He reinforces why the U.S. continues to lead in innovation and why strong relationships remain central to Oppenheimer’s mission.   Podcast Disclosure: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC   8664180.1

Rising healthcare costs, elevated utilization, and regulatory uncertainty are putting pressure on the U.S. healthcare system. In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Michael Wiederhorn, Managing Director & Senior Analyst for Healthcare Providers & Services at Oppenheimer, explains the forces driving today’s difficult cycle—from deferred pandemic care and chronic disease to rising labor and drug costs. He also explores why ACA subsidies are so critical and how their potential expiration could impact millions. Despite the challenges, Wiederhorn sees signs of stabilization as providers and insurers reprice premiums, integrate across the care continuum, and adopt new technologies that improve efficiency. Election-year debate will add volatility, but the long-term outlook is improving.   Podcast 111 Disclosure: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC  8617142.1  

In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, host Jane Ross speaks with Kristen Owen, Managing Director and Agriculture Technology Analyst at Oppenheimer, about how renewed trade progress with China, persistent food inflation, and the rise of artificial intelligence are reshaping American agriculture. Together they explore how innovation, policy, and global trends are redefining opportunity and resilience across the food economy—and why, even amid uncertainty, technology is helping build a stronger, smarter, and more sustainable future for farming.   Podcast Disclosure: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC 8570819.1  

In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Senior Analyst Tim Horan talks with Eric Brock, CEO of Ondas Holdings, about how drones are transforming industries. From infrastructure inspection to defense and public safety, autonomous systems powered by AI are creating massive growth opportunities. As technology, regulation, and manufacturing align, the drone economy is ready to take flight — and Ondas’ platform strategy is at the center of it.   Podcast 109 The Drone Decade: Building the Infrastructure of the Future Disclosure: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC  8516961.1

Is Physical AI the Next Industrial Revolution? From warehouses to highways, robotics and autonomous systems are moving from hype to real-world adoption. In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Jane Ross sits down with Colin Rusch, Managing Director and Head of Oppenheimer’s Sustainable Growth & Resource Optimization franchise, to explore how physical AI is transforming industries, reshaping labor markets, and creating new investment opportunities. From perception technologies to endurance innovations, Colin explains why investors are paying close attention—and where the next wave of disruption may emerge.   Episode Disclosures: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Transacts Business on all Principal US Exchanges and is a Member of SIPC.  8422834.1

Is 2025 Really the Year of the Deal? IPO volumes may be uneven, but market momentum—and a few headline-grabbing debuts—are keeping investors’ attention. In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Jane Ross sits down with John Hyland, Managing Director in Equity Capital Markets at Oppenheimer, to discuss what’s driving deal activity, which sectors are leading the charge, and where opportunities may lie in the months ahead. From AI infrastructure to digital assets, John shares the themes that are shaping the market, the risks on the horizon, and why Oppenheimer is well-positioned to guide issuers and investors through a rapidly evolving landscape.   Disclosure: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.   Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal Exchanges and Member SIPC 8226161.1

Can science really help us live longer – and is that something investors should care about? In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, host Jane Ross is joined by Jay Olson, Managing Director and Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer, to break down the emerging world of longevity – where cutting-edge research is targeting the biological causes of aging. Jay explains how this space could follow a similar path to the obesity drug market, which saw rapid growth after the release of breakthrough treatments. From metabolic health and inflammation to personalized approaches and repurposed drugs, this episode explores the science, the companies, and the potential behind one of healthcare’s most exciting frontiers. Whether you’re curious about what’s next in health innovation or looking for early investment ideas, this conversation makes a complex topic accessible and insightful.   Episode Disclosures: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal. Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal Exchanges and Member SIPC.  8171626.1  

The world is running low on clean, reliable water—and the infrastructure designed to deliver it is decades out of date. In this episode of Let’s Talk Future, Jane Ross speaks with Bryan Blair about why water is suddenly on the radar of investors, governments, and innovators alike. From data centers to drought zones, PFAS to stormwater, Bryan breaks down the megatrends behind the growing demand—and why the next decade may be transformational for the water sector.   Episode Disclosures: This podcast is the property of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and should not be copied, distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part. The information/commentary contained in this recording was obtained from market conditions and professional sources, and is educational in nature. The information presented has been derived from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy and does not purport to be a complete analysis of any strategy, plan, security, company, or industry involved. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Oppenheimer has no obligation to provide any updates or changes. Any examples used in this material are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. All price references and market forecasts are as of the date of recording. This podcast is not a product of Oppenheimer Research, nor does it provide any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations. Any liability therefore (including in respect of direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage) is expressly disclaimed. Securities and other financial instruments that may be discussed in this report or recommended or sold are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are not deposits or obligations of any insured depository institution. Investments involve numerous risks including market risk, counterparty default risk and liquidity risk. Securities and other financial investments at times maybe difficult to value or sell. The value of financial instruments may fluctuate, and investors may lose their entire principal investment. Prior to making any investment or financial decisions, an investor should seek advice from their personal financial, legal, tax and other professional advisors that take into account all of the particular facts and circumstances of an investor's own situation. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. This report does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or specific needs of any particular client of Oppenheimer or its affiliates. This podcast may contain forward looking statements or projections regarding future events.  Forward-looking statements and projections are based on the opinions and estimates of Oppenheimer as of the date of this podcast, and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties as well as other factors, including economic, political, and public health factors, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and projections.  The performance of a benchmark index is not indicative of the performance of any particular investment; however, they are considered representative of their respective market segments.  Please note that indexes are unmanaged and their returns do not take into account any of the costs associated with buying and selling individual securities.  Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. This content is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. No part of this podcast should be interpreted as a testimonial regarding the advisory services of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. Any references to performance, investment opportunities, or market outlooks are based on current opinions, which are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal. Oppenheimer Transacts Business on all Principal Exchanges and Member SIPC.  8104938.1