Ocular embryology

Five retina papers added to PubMed between 30 October and 6 November 2026. In this episode:- The genetics of central serous chorioretinopathy (JAMA Ophthalmology)- Safety of combined anti-complement and anti-VEGF injections in AMD (Ophthalmology Retina)- Prophylactic laser versus observation for peripheral retinal lesions in children (Ophthalmology Retina)- Vitrectomy with or without cataract surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (BMC Ophthalmology)- Macular atrophy by neovascularisation subtype in neovascular AMD (Acta Ophthalmologica) Each paper gets the method, main result, strength, limitation and an evidence label. This episode is for education only. It is not medical advice.REFERENCES1. Chen L, Kim SHF, Truong B, et al. Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.44272. Esmaeilkhanian H, Dorflinger C, Wang C, et al. Combined Versus Monotherapy Anti-Complement and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Intravitreal Injections for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Safety Outcomes in the Real World. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.10.0163. Meshkin RS, Abidi M, Altamirano F, et al. Risk-Stratified Outcomes of Prophylactic Laser Versus Observation for Pediatric Peripheral Retinal Lesions. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.10.0134. Zeng M, Chen X, Yan Y, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes after 25-gauge vitrectomy with and without uncomplicated cataract surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane. BMC Ophthalmol. 2026;26:710. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05157-15. Moulin A, Zeender G, Rizzuto P, et al. Occurrence, progression and risk factors of macular atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration according to neovascularization subtypes. Acta Ophthalmol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70263

Four retina papers from the past week, in about five minutes. In this episode:- Silicone oil vs vitrectomy alone for severe post-cataract endophthalmitis (Indian Journal of Ophthalmology)- Slow responders in diabetic macular oedema with continuous ranibizumab delivery (American Journal of Ophthalmology)- Submacular haemorrhage needing surgery during anti-VEGF treatment in Japan (Retina)- Validating the TWO-ROP screening rule in 14,198 Chinese infants (Ophthalmology Retina) Each paper gets the method, main result, strength, limitation and an evidence label.REFERENCES1. Saad EME, Mohammed HEM, Tharwat E, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil versus pars plana vitrectomy alone for postoperative endophthalmitis: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2026;74(11):1663-1669. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_3296_252. Rustam Z, Khanani AM, Mojumder O, et al. Time Course of Resolution of Diabetic Macular Edema by Sustained Suppression of VEGF-A with the Port Delivery Platform with Ranibizumab. Am J Ophthalmol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2026.10.0213. Inoda S, Takahashi H, Azuma K, et al. Submacular Hemorrhage Requiring Procedural Intervention During Anti-VEGF Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan: The JTY Three-Center Real-World Incidence Study. Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.00000000000050444. Zhao X, Wu Z, Yu Z, et al. Validation of the TWO-ROP Algorithm in the Shenzhen Prematurity Eye Study. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.10.0105. Eliott D, Hatcher KA, Delgiodice MJ, et al. Reading Speed in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: An Analysis of Sham Patients in the Revakinagene Taroretcel-lwey (NT-501) Phase 3 Trials. Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.00000000000050456. Pfahler NM, Knepper PA. The Effect of Resveratrol, Quercetin, and Curcumin on Drusen Volume in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2026;15(10):50. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.10.50

Six retina papers added to PubMed between 16 and 23 October 2026, in about eight minutes.   In this episode: - Intraoperative methotrexate infusion for retinal detachment with PVR (BMC Ophthalmology), with a look back at last week's Cincinnati Methotrexate Protocol (Ophthalmology Retina) - Vitrectomy under air versus fluid infusion for dense vitreous haemorrhage (BMC Ophthalmology) - Risk factors for retinal pigment epithelium tears in neovascular AMD (American Journal of Ophthalmology) - Type 4 macular neovascularisation in a consecutive AMD cohort (BMC Ophthalmology) - Multimodal imaging in infectious posterior uveitis (Ophthalmology Retina) - Deep learning on retinal images for diabetes-related kidney disease (Journal of Diabetes)This episode is for education only. It is not medical advice. Hosted by Mohamed, consultant ophthalmic surgeon.  REFERENCES 1. Luyken AK, Brockmann C, Junge V, et al. Intravitreal methotrexate as a prophylactic strategy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in high-risk retinal detachment. BMC Ophthalmol. 2026;26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05455-8 2. Xu K, Sun B, Zhang Y, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy under air infusion versus conventional fluid infusion for dense vitreous hemorrhage: a retrospective comparative study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2026;26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05137-5 3. Al-Burak SA, Sarraf D, Naveed F, et al. Risk factors for retinal pigment epithelium tears in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2026.10.007 4. Singh Parmar UP, La Distia Nora R, Leal I, et al. Systematic review of clinical utility of multimodal imaging in infectious posterior uveitis. Multimodal imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Taskforce Report 12. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.10.004 5. Otabir SAG, Tegegne TK, Nderitu P, et al. Detection and risk prediction of diabetes related kidney disease using retinal images: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes. 2026;18(10):e70271. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70271 6. Bilgeç MD, Özaslan MK, Taş E, et al. Type 4 macular neovascularization in a consecutive age-related macular degeneration cohort: detected prevalence and multimodal imaging findings. BMC Ophthalmol. 2026;26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05443-y 7. Huang D, Feist JE, McTavish SA, et al. Outcomes of complex retinal detachment repair with proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C using the Cincinnati Methotrexate Protocol. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.09.030 8. Kocak I, Sayin N, Bayramoglu SE, et al. Effect of methotrexate in preventing retinal detachment after proliferative vitreoretinopathy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2026;71(2):572-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.015 9. Foveau P, Leroy B, Berrod JP, et al. Internal limiting membrane peeling in macula-off retinal detachment complicated by grade B proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;191:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.037

Four new retina papers from the past week, with quick, honest takes for ophthalmologists and trainees.In this episode: - The Cincinnati methotrexate protocol for retinal detachment with PVR grade C (Ophthalmology Retina) - Oral eplerenone in first-episode acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a double-masked randomised trial (International Ophthalmology) - Epiretinal membrane surgery in patients with good visual acuity: a UK multicentre study (Retina) - Cost-effectiveness of the Port Delivery Platform versus aflibercept injections for neovascular AMD (BMC Ophthalmology) - Also mentioned: vessel tortuosity on OCT angiography in MacTel type 2, and serum markers of anti-VEGF response in diabetic macular oedema (Retina)   Each paper gets the method, the main result, its strength and limitation, and an evidence label.   This episode is for education only. It is not medical advice.   Hosted by Mohamed, consultant ophthalmic surgeon.   REFERENCES This week's papers 1. Huang D, Feist JE, McTavish SA, et al. Outcomes of complex retinal detachment repair with proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C using the Cincinnati methotrexate protocol. Ophthalmol Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2026.09.030 2. Zamani G, Asghari R, Shoeibi N, et al. Oral eplerenone in first-episode acute central serous chorioretinopathy: results of a double-masked randomized trial. Int Ophthalmol. 2026;46(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-026-04287-1 3. Jones RL, Feroz L, Lipa RM, et al. Clinical outcomes of epiretinal membrane surgery in patients with good baseline visual acuity. Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000004976 4. Siekerman MME, Kristiansen IS, Jørstad ØK, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the Port Delivery Platform compared with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol. 2026;26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05346-y 5. Bilgeç MD, Karaatlı M, Özalp O, et al. Structural and microvascular alterations in macular telangiectasia type 2: the diagnostic value of vessel tortuosity. Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000005032 6. Ranga D, Sharma SP, Dogra M, et al. Serum Ang-1, sFLT-1, and sST2 profiles distinguish anti-VEGF responders in diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000005035   Earlier trials mentioned 7. Lotery A, Sivaprasad S, O'Connell A, et al. Eplerenone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with active, previously untreated disease for more than 4 months (VICI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10220):294-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32981-2 8. Rajan RP, Babu KN, Arumugam KK, et al. Intravitreal methotrexate as an adjuvant in vitrectomy in cases of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;263(2):387-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06665-w 9. Nourinia R, Safi S, Mohammadpour M, et al. Effects of repeated intra-silicone oil injections of methotrexate on proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):28842. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79708-1

Six new uveitis papers from the past two weeks, in about five minutes. Quick, honest takes from the abstracts for ophthalmologists and trainees.  In this episode: - Systemic drugs for non-infectious uveitis: a network meta-analysis (Pharmacotherapy) - Uveitis as a marker of systemic disease in Behçet's (Ocular Immunology and Inflammation) - Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: almost a million operations from the Swedish National Cataract Register (British Journal of Ophthalmology) - JAK inhibitors in refractory non-infectious uveitis (Ocular Immunology and Inflammation) - Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in Fuchs uveitis glaucoma (Ocular Immunology and Inflammation) - Pars plana thickness on anterior segment OCT as a marker of activity in anterior uveitis (Ocular Immunology and Inflammation)   Each paper gets the method, the main result, its strength and limitation, and an evidence label.   This episode is based on published abstracts and is for education only. It is not medical advice.=== REFERENCES ===1. Chen KY, Chan HC, Chan CM. Comparative efficacy and safety of systemic immunomodulatory therapies for non-infectious uveitis: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses. Pharmacotherapy. 2026;46(11):e70184. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.701842. Shah SV, Wai KM, Mruthyunjaya P, et al. Uveitis as a correlate of systemic manifestations in patients diagnosed with Behçet's disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.27354093. Bro T, Lundström M, Montan P. Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Sweden 2018-2024: associations with preoperative visual acuity and intracameral antibiotic regimens. Br J Ophthalmol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2026-3301644. Barroso-García N, Sánchez-Bilbao L, Martín-Varillas JL, et al. JAK inhibitors in refractory idiopathic uveitis or associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a multicenter case series and literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.27406905. Erdas D, Altan C, Yargi Ozkocak B, et al. The results of primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in Fuchs uveitis syndrome-associated glaucoma. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.27354166. Biswal S, Sagar P, A V, et al. Imaging pars plana in acute anterior uveitis: association with inflammatory activity. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2740682

PEDIATRIC VITREORETINOPATHIES ANDINHERITED RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES

Ocular embryology

IOP lowering agents (anti glaucoma drugs)

DRCR protocols I, V, S and T

endophthalmitis vitrectomy study