The Ambiguity Problem

A huge thank-you to everyone who helped us reach this milestone!→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to T. Widdowson, D. Smith, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, S. Brownlee, E. West, T. Zajonc, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, M. Sanford, T. Donkin, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, S. Marks, B. Smith, J. Kruger, S. Applegate, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, W. Evans, N. Corwin, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, R. Provost, G. Fullwood, N. De Haan, R. Williams, E. Garland, R. Lovely, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, S. Thayer, T. Edris, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, B. Reese, O. Shabtay, X. Yao, S. Saverys, A. Nimmerjahn, C. Seay, D. Johnson, L. Cunningham, M. Morrow, M. Campbell, B. Devermont, Y. Muheim, A. Stark, C. Caminero, P. Borisoff, A. Donovan, H. Schiff, J. Cos, J. Oliver, B. Kite, C. Hansen, J. Shamp, R. Chaffee, A. Ortiz, B. McMillan, B. Cartmell, J. Bryant, J. Obioma, M. Zeiler, S. Murray, S. Patterson, C. Kennedy, G. Le Saint, W. Ruf, A. Kochkov, B. Langley, D. Ohman, P. Stevenson, T. Ford, T. Tarrants, A. Laroye, I. Venzor, R. Raszka, B. Gaalen, A. Taylor, D. Wedgewood, J. Alley, D. Aron, G. Thomsen, S. Shardool, B. Kingston, A. Phan Le, N. Voyton, N. Offor, A. Huch, J. Morrison & C. Fitzsimmons.CHAPTERS0:00 AMA0:18 Ultimate Telescope4:32 YouTuber Academic7:27 Unscientific Belief9:58 If Not Astronomy...12:46 Origins Story18:05 What I Suck At20:24 Crisis in Physics25:16 Will We Confirm Life?28:19 K167e Update31:49 Coping with Setbacks36:46 Wildest Hunch40:03 Fermi Paradox Solution43:26 Personal Inspirations46:33 Mental Health Advise50:20 Career Advise54:29 Longer Healthspans59:13 Breakfast?59:51 BH Singularities1:00:51 Life Evidence1:03:48 Sci-Fi Books1:05:29 Terrascope Update1:09:12 Science Sensationalism1:13:09 AI Good or Bad?1:15:24 Creativity Advise1:19:06 Thank-you1:19:51 Outro and Credits#AMA #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Space is a bleak, hostile environment. Asteroid strikes, supernovae and gamma ray bursts could wipe us out at any moment. But could certain parts of the galaxy be more dangerous than others? And could this explain why we live, when and where we live?Written and presented by Prof David Kipping, guest starring Jackson Kipping and edited by Jorge Casas.→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters D. Smith, M. Sloan, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, G. Canterbury, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, J. Alexander, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, G. Genova, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, M. Varenka, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer & T. Edris.::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist::References::► Spinelli & Ghirlanda, 2023, The Impact of GRBs on Exoplanetary Habitability, Universe, 9, 60: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/9/2/60► Gehrels et al., 2003, Ozone Depletion from Nearby Supernovae, ApJ, 585, 1169: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0211361► Thomas et al., 2006, Gamma-ray bursts and terrestrial planetary atmospheres, New. J. Phys., 8, 120: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/8/7/120► Fisher & Valenti, 2005, The Planet-Metallicity Correlation, ApJ, 622, 1102: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/428383► Buchhave & Latham, 2005, The Metallicities of Stars with and without Transiting Planets, ApJ, 808, 4: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.03557► Wang & Fisher, 2005, Revealing A Universal Planet-Metallicity Correlation For Planets of Different Sizes Around Solar-Type Stars, AJ, 149, 7: https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.7830::Music::► Chris Zabriskie - Music from Neptune Flux 0:00► Falls - Ripley 6:06► Chris Zabriskie - Music from Neptune Flux 9:32► Brad Hill - A Slowly Lifting Fog 13:53► Joachim Heinrich - Y 16:58::Chapters::00:00 Introduction02:28 Galactic Habitable Zone05:09 Supernovae10:26 GRBs15:31 Multi-Threats16:43 Planet formation18:53 Planet retention20:11 The Final Picture22:56 Outro & Credits#GalacticHabitableZone #Supernovae #GammaRayBursts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alien megastructures are back in the headlines after some new research published last week. It has been claimed that Tabby's Star is confirmed to be steadily dimming, which is completely unexpected behavior for a star. Prof Kipping explains what we know (and don't know) about this mysterious star and what astronomers really mean by "alien megastructures".::More about this Video::► Montet & Simon (2016), "KIC 8462852 Faded Throughout the Kepler Mission": http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01316► Schaefer (2016), "KIC 8462852 Faded at an Average Rate of 0.165+-0.013 Magnitudes Per Century From 1890 To 1989": http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.03256► Boyajian et al. (2016), "Planet Hunters X. KIC 8462852 - Where's the Flux?": https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.03622► Arnold (2005), "Transit Lightcurve Signatures of Artificial Objects": http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0503580► Kipping & Teachey (2016), "A Cloaking Device for Transiting Planets": http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08928► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The transit method of finding exoplanets is easier for big planets than small planets. But new work from the Cool Worlds Lab shows that transits disfavor the detection of small, Earth-sized planets even more than previously realized. Emily Sandford, a third-year graduate student with the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia, explains our new paper which derives these biases, allowing astronomers to correct for these effects when figuring out how many Earths there really are.::More about this Video::► Kipping & Sandford (2016), "Observational biases for transiting planets": http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05662► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Have you ever wondered just how many planets there are in the Universe? So have we! We haven't surveyed the entire Universe (!) but based of the occurrence rate of planets in our local part of the cosmos, we can try to carefully extrapolate the total. In Part 1 of this mini-series, we focus on our galaxy, the Milky Way and explain why even here there is a great deal of uncertainty.::More about this Video::► Cassan et al. (2012), "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations": https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.0903► Sumi et al. (2011), "Unbound or Distant Planetary Mass Population Detected by Gravitational Microlensing": https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3544► Dressing & Charbonneau (2016) "The Occurrence of Potentially Habitable Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs Estimated from the Full Kepler Dataset and an Empirical Measurement of the Detection Sensitivity": https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.01623► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Could it be that aliens are trying to communicate with us right now, but we're just not listening in the right way? They might have chosen a specific frequency, time or method of communication that we just never thought to try. In game theory, two players can co-operate towards a common goal even without communication. The idea is called a Schelling point - today we'll explore what this is and how it affects our search for life in the Universe.Written & presented by Prof David Kipping. Thanks to Prof Jason Wright for discussions on this topic!→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters D. Smith, M. Sloan, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, D. Holland, E. Hanway, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, F. Van Exter, S. Roulier, B. Smith, P. Masterson, R. Sievers, G. Canterbury, J. Kill, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, T. Wheeler, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, J. Alexander, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, S. Krasner, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., I. Attard, M. Donovan, N. Corwin & M. Mangione.::References::► Alcubierre, M., 1994, "The warp drive: hyper-fast travel within general relativity", Classical and Quantum Gravity, 11 L73: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0009013► Pfenning, M. & Ford, L., 1997, "The unphysical nature of Warp Drive", Classical and Quantum Gravity, 14, 1743: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9702026► Finazzi, S., Liberati, S., Barceló, C., 2009, "Semiclassical instability of dynamical warp drives", Physical Review D., 79, 124017: https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.0141► McMonigal, B., Lewis, G., O'Byrne, P., 2012, "Alcubierre warp drive: On the matter of matter", Physical Review D., 85, 064024: https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.5708► Everett, A., 1996, "Warp drive and causality", Physical Review D, 53, 7365: https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.53.7365► For a more rigorous breakdown of the axis flipping in Minkowski spacetime, see Chapter 3 of "Special Relativity" by Valerio Faraoni (Chapter 3 is also available here https://williamsgj.people.cofc.edu/Minkowski%20Spacetime.pdf)::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist► Hill - The Meek [https://open.spotify.com/album/0wv44MyPxj3pFQTQlyHa7j?si=zEaFsUKRTxqke2g47KDVQA&nd=1]► Joachim Heinrich - Stjärna► Chris Zabriskie - Neptune Flux 1► Hill - Evening Approaches [https://open.spotify.com/album/4pmiXcyRpPlFjWjb45pYLx?highlight=spotify:track:3mYMEDKgj4qwBkuwcXeb89]► Chris Zabriskie - Neptune Flux 4► Joachim Heinrich - Y► Indive - Trace Correction::Film/TV clips used::► The Straight Story (1999) Buena Vista Pictures Distribution► Ad Astra (2019) 20th Century Fox► Clara (2018) D Films► Contact (1997) Warnes Bros.► X-Men (2000) 20th Century Fox► Vanilla Sky (2001) Paramount Pictures► Interstellar (2014) Paramount Pictures► Star Trek: Enterprise (2001-2005) Paramount Television► Sunshine (2007) Fox Searchlight Pictures► Mankind: The Story of Us (History Channel)► Annihilation (2018) Paramount Pictures► Independence Day (1996) 20t Century Fox► Somewhere in Time (1980) Universal Pictures► The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) Paramount Pictures::Chapters::00:00 Prologue01:13 Game Theory04:16 Radio Water Hole05:4 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

🌏 Get exclusive NordVPN deal here ➵ https://NordVPN.com/coolworlds It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee!✌What kind of evidence would be needed to convince the world of alien life? Sagan said that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", but what exactly is "extraordinary"? Today we explore the difficult problem of dealing with potentially ambiguous evidence and how it might affect our search for life.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping. Edited by Jorge Casas. → Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, G. Genova, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, M. Varenka, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, A. Harrison, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, E. Loomans, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams, J. Sattler, & J. Smallbon.REFERENCES► Brzycki, B. et al. 2023, "On Detecting Interstellar Scintillation in Narrowband Radio SETI", ApJ, 952, 46: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.08793► Davenport, J. et al. 2023, "Searching the SETI Ellipsoid with Gaia", AJ, 164, 117: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04092MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.CHAPTERS0:00 Diversified Alien Hunting2:33 NordVPN3:43 Priors9:45 Disambiguation13:04 New Tricks16:07 Outro & Credits Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Answers to your questions by Prof David Kipping from our "Proxima Planet Hunt" and "Polluted Dead Stars" videos (links below)! Thanks to all of you who posted questions, keep 'em coming, we love interacting with you all!::More about this Video::► "Proxima Planet Hunt" video: https://youtu.be/z5LVcfzRDI8► "Polluted Dead Stars" video: https://youtu.be/MAeqIQd6BMM► Dressing & Charbonneau (2015), "The Occurrence of Potentially Habitable Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs Estimated from the Full Kepler Dataset and an Empirical Measurement of the Detection Sensitivity": http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.01623► Veras (2015), "Post-main-sequence planetary system evolution": http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.05419► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1855, Captain William Stephen Jacob authored a paper in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society claiming that a planet likely existed in the binary star system 70 Ophiuchi. Although his claim ended being wrong, it's pretty remarkable that someone was even thinking about doing this with scientific methods at the time! Here we get into Jacob's claim, what went wrong, and what legacy this has left us with.::More about this Video::► Captain William S Jacob, "On Certain Anomalies Presented by the Binary Star 70 Ophiuchi": http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1855MNRAS..15..228J► Information compiled about Captain William Stephen Jacob and family by his living descendant, Kenneth Jacob: http://www.myjacobfamily.com/favershamjacobs/williamstephenjacob.htm► Thomas See, "Researches on the orbit of 70 Ophiuchi, and on a periodic perturbation in the motion of the system arising from the action of an unseen body": http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1896AJ.....16...17S► Forest Ray Moulton, "The limits of temporary stability of satellite motion, with an application to the question of the existence of an unseen body in the binary system 70 Ophiuchi": http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1899AJ.....20...33M► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Flexispot’s anniversary sale is here! Get up to 60% off with my code COOLWORLDS on orders over $500 at http://bit.ly/coolworlds10!Exoplanets was a transformative discovery for astronomy. Exomoons is the next. I’ve spent most of my career looking for exomoons and today I explain the five reasons why finding them isn’t just fascinating - it’s necessary.Written & presented by Prof. David Kipping. Edited by Jorge Casas.→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, N. Kildal, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, L. Skov, G. Benson, A. De Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, J. Rockett, D. Murphree, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, S. Roulier, B. Smith, J. Cassese, J. Kruger, S. Way, P. Finch, S. Applegate, L. Watson, E. Zahnle, N. Gebben, J. Bergman, E. Dessoi, C. Macdonald, M. Hedlund, P. Kaup, C. Hays, W. Evans, D. Bansal, J. Curtin, J. Sturm, RAND Corp., M. Donovan, N. Corwin, M. Mangione, K. Howard, L. Deacon, G. Metts, G. Genova, R. Provost, B. Sigurjonsson, G. Fullwood, B. Walford, J. Boyd, N. De Haan, J. Gillmer, R. Williams, E. Garland, A. Leishman, A. Phan Le, R. Lovely, M. Spoto, A. Steele, M. Varenka, K. Yarbrough, A. Cornejo, D. Compos, F. Demopoulos, G. Bylinsky, J. Werner, B. Pearson, S. Thayer, T. Edris, A. Harrison, B. Seeley, F. Blood, M. O'Brien, P. Muzyka, E. Loomans, D. Lee, J. Sargent, M. Czirr, F. Krotzer, I. Williams & J. Sattler.CHAPTERS0:00 Reason 103:20 Reason 27:18 Sponsorship8:50 Reason 310:48 Reason 412:33 Reason 516:26 The FutureMUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist.► Hill - A Slowly Lifting Fog► Falls - Life in Binary► Chris Zabriskie - We Were Never Meant to Live Here► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Two► Hill - To The Quiet Drumming Inside My Head [https://open.spotify.com/track/1QAGagFWsbTZyGfAJxs06d]► Hill - Chasing Out The Chaos [https://open.spotify.com/album/4pmiXcyRpPlFjWjb45pYLx]► Joachim Heinrich - Y#astronomy #jwst #exoplanets Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices