Semantics

Are you considering apply for graduate school? Or perhaps would like to one day in the future? If so, you are not alone and plenty of students around the US and beyond are starting to worry about what they need to do to apply. We decided to do something a bit different this week and do a longer video explaining the ten steps you need to follow if you ever plan to apply. Please do let us know if you have any questions or concerns about applying and we'll try to get back to you in the comments below!1. Deciding if you want to apply 0:412. Try to gain research experience 1:093. What grades are needed for grad school? 4:514. What about the GRE? 6:195. Try to plan your applications early 8:556. Choosing where to apply 11:187. Should I email faculty members? 13:308. What to put in personal statements 14:419. Getting letters of recommendation 17:5010. After your application is sent 21:33::More about this Video::► National Science Foundation (NSF) supported Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs in astronomy: https://www.nsf.gov/crssprgm/reu/list_result.jsp?unitid=5045 ► List of astronomy US/Canadian astronomy programs and their present requirements in regard to the GRE: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19UhYToXOPZkZ3CM469ru3Uwk4584CmzZyAVVwQJJcyc/edit► Information on the GRE test dates: https://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/register/centers_dates/► Application fee waiver information for Columbia Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (GSAS): https://gsas.columbia.edu/degree-programs/admissions/application-fee-waivers► Regarding Columbia University Department of Astronomy's fee waiver program, see http://www.astro.columbia.edu/grad/intro.► Columbia University Department of Astronomy's application information: http://www.astro.columbia.edu/grad/admissions► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes► Blooper real music by Bernard Hermann "Taxi Driver Theme"::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQATabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStarScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

An amazing experience I had to share with you all...Written & presented by David Kipping, edited by Jorge Casas→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://crowdmade.com/collections/cool-worlds→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to M. Daniluk, M. Cartmell, E. Garland, M. Saint, M. Nimmerjahn, M. Daughaday, M. Morrow, M. Herman, M. Vystoropskyi, R. Borbidge, M. Williams, M. Lee, M. Edris, W. Ruf, M. Larter, M. Stewart, M. Schreiner, M. Schiff, M. Morrison, M. Brownlee, M. Canning, M. Smith, M. Borisoff, M. Huch, M. Corwin, M. Lee, M. Patterson, M. Brooks, M. Bottaccini, M. Williams, M. Johnston, M. Zajonc, M. Kruger, M. Adler, M. Chaffee, M. Hansen, M. Thomsen, M. Bryant, M. Murray, M. Souter, M. Singh, M. Fitzsimmons, M. Venzor, M. Bylinsky, M. Vaal, M. Langley, M. McMillan, M. Donkin, M. Muriuki, M. Bassnett, G. Belsak, M. Rockett, M. Armstrong, M. Howard, M. Czirr, M. Shamp, M. Hoffman, M. Danielson, M. Ford, M. Aron, M. Reese, M. Gillette, M. Sanford, M. Ortiz, M. Provost, M. Farabee, M. Lovely, M. Fullwood, M. Sattler, B. Gaalen, M. Elliott, M. Seay, M. Ross-Lee, M. Kennedy, M. Gonzalez, S. Shardool, M. Schoen, C. Fitzgerald, M. Popovski, M. Hedlund, M. Everest, M. Bueche, N. Offor, M. Cunningham, M. Matters, L. Deacon, M. Metts, M. Stevenson, M. OBrien, M. Alley, M. Kochkov, M. Haan, M. Smith, M. Frederick, M. Devermont, M. Johnston, M. Kingston & M. Murphy.MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist. You can see all of our past music here: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0Bu2UQlKDb0KaeliLZUOZnScott Buckley - StarfireAtlas - Waking UpHill - When Darkness is No Longer Dark#TravelByYouTube #CoolWorlds #Artemis Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Visit our sponsor, Brilliant.org: https://brilliant.org/CoolWorldsNew research! Join us today as we discuss a new research paper just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from our team - The Red Sky Paradox.→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters T. Widdowson, D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, Z. Star, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, J. Patrick-Saunders, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, K. Clawson, M. Sanford, P. Matos, S. Hannum, T. Jawad, T. Schnipper, T. Donkin, T. Moss, K. Myers & M. O'Brien.::Links::► Kipping, D. (2021), "Formulation and resolutions of the red sky paradox", PNAS, 118 (26) e2026808118: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.11207► Our video "The Odds of Life and Intelligence": https://youtu.be/iLbbpRYRW5Y► Our video "Why we might be alone in the universe": https://youtu.be/PqEmYU8Y_rI::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist► Joachim Heinrich - Arrival► Falls - Life in Binary► Joachim Heinrich - Y► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Two► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Five► Indive - Fusion::Video clips::► The Thinker clip by Great Art Explained► Tea sitirring clip by Chirag Kalelkar► Cosmology simulation by ESO/L. Calçada/Microsoft WWT► Sun videos by NASA/SDO► TRAPPIST-1 animations by ESO/L. Calcada/spaceengine.org► Roulette clip by steveh552► Galactic colonization animation by Jonathan Caroll-Nellenback► Easter Island clips by Easter Island WTM► Proxima Centauri b animations by ESO/Konstantino Polizois/Nico Bartmann► Planet formation animation by NCSA, NASA, A. Boley► Jupiter clip by NASA/SwRI/MSSS/G. Eichstadt/S. Doran► M-dwarf planet animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser► HabEX animation by NASA/JPL► Outro video by ESO/L.Calcada/spaceengine.org::Film clips used::► The House (2017) - Warner Bros► Noah (2014) - Paramount Pictures► Avatar (2009) - 20th Century Fox::Thumbnail::► Created by Helena Valenzuela Widerström: https://helenavw.artstation.com::Chapters::00:00 Prologue00:39 Paradoxes03:05 Red Sky Paradox05:05 Resolution I10:39 Sponsored section11:24 Resolution II12:40 Resolution III13:38 Resolution IV16:19 Outro and credits#RedSkyParadox #Astrobiology #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Answers to your questions on our recent Earth Twins (https://youtu.be/1eJnZncyAyM) and Exomoons (https://youtu.be/S3VQ0PdoR3M) videos. Sorry for the poor sound on this one, new camera setup caused some issues but should be fixed next time!::More about this Video::► "Where are the Exomoons?" Cool Worlds video: https://youtu.be/S3VQ0PdoR3M► "How Unique is the Earth?" Cool Worlds video: https://youtu.be/1eJnZncyAyM► Kipping et al. (2015), "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): V. A Survey of 41 Planetary Candidates for Exomoons": http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05555► Canup & Ward (2006), "A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7095/full/nature04860.html► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lately there has been a growing push-back from the exoplanet community for astronomers to stop using the phrase "Earth-like". In this video, we get into the arguments being made and some reasons why I am personally finding the movement unpalatable. This is a topic ripe for public discussion so please watch through then let us know in the comments section what your opinion is! Thanks for your time!::More about this Video::► Miriam Kramer (2016), "If we keep using 'Earth-like' to describe alien planets, it will become meaningless", Mashable: http://mashable.com/2016/08/28/earth-like-planets-proxima-b/► Moore et al. (2017), "How habitable zones and Super-Earths leads us astray", Nature Astronomy: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0043► Nathaniel Scharping (2016), "What's the difference between Earth-mass and Earth-like?", Astronomy: http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/10/whats-the-difference-between-earth-mass-and-earth-like► Elizabeth Task (2017), "Let's Lose the Term 'Habitable-Zone' for Exoplanets", Scientific American: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/lets-lose-the-term-habitable-zone-for-exoplanets/► Kipping et al. (2014), "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M-Dwarfs", ApJ, 784, 28: https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1210► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQATabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStarScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This semester I taught "Exoplanets & Astrobiology" at Columbia and decided to do something a bit non-traditional and ask my class to make outreach videos in any style they want about a topic we covered in class. This video, by Elliotte Jun Beom Lee, Natalie Gaisser & Huiying Zhang was voted the class favorite and so I decided to upload it on the Cool Worlds channel to share with everyone! Let us know what you think and if you have any questions about habitable-zones.You can check out some of the other great videos made by class here:► "What is a Planet by the Left-Handed Sneutrinos" by Leah Hays, Greg Humphries & Kaitlyn Loftus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4U9kd9NjaA► "Sipping with Kipping" by Jeff Xie and Gabrielle Englemann-Suisse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4U9kd9NjaA► "Astrometry & Exoplanets" by Shreyas Vissapragada and Briley Lewis: http://www.showme.com/sh/?h=7osiO8m::More about this Video::► Kopparapu et al. (2013), "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates": https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.6674► Ramirez & Kaltenegger (2014), "The Habitable Zones of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars": https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1764► Ramirez & Kaltenegger (2016), "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars": https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04924► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! ヅ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Could we learn to "speak planet"? Computational linguistics is now found in your smart phone, car and speakers, making sense of our speech and text. Could these same algorithms make sense of exoplanets? Join us today as we explore a radical new research idea recently published by the Cool Worlds Lab. Written and Presented by Dr Emily Sandford. This research was made possible through funding from the Data Science Institute’s Seed Fund Award.→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters T. Widdowson, D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, Z. Star, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, J. Patrick-Saunders, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, A. Critchley, A. DeRuiter, B. Sando, J. La Plante, M. Freydl, N. Popp, T. Gross, M. Nielsen, G. McLean, J. Black, P. Ainsworth & E. Moyle.::Links::► Sandford, E., Kipping, D. & Collins, M. (2021), "On planetary systems as ordered sequences", MNRAS, 505, 2224: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09966► Brown et al. 1992, "Class-Based n-gram Models of Natural Language": https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J92-4003.pdf►McAllester 2018, "Information Theoretic Co-Training": https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07572► Stratos 2019, "Mutual Information Maximization for Simple and Accurate Part-Of-Speech Induction": https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07849::Music::Music licensed via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)► Joachim Heinrich - Stjärna► Indive - Trace Correction::Video clips::► Exoplanet animations by ESO/L. Calçada/spaceengine.org https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2102c/; ESO, L. Calçada, V.Romanyuk https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1837a/; ESO, M. Kornmesser, L.Calcada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1737c/; ESO/L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1035e/; ESO/L. Calçada/spaceengine.org https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1706g/; ESO/L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1410g/; ESO/L.Calçada/spaceengine.org https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2005c/; ESO/L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1035b/; ESO/L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2102b/; ESO/L. Calçada/spaceengine.org https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso2102c/; ESO/L.Calçada/M.Kornmesser https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1621a/; ESO/M. Kornmesser/Nick Risinger https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1517b/; ESO, M. Kornmesser, L.Calcada https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1045b/► TESS animation by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20260#60680► Kepler animation by NASA/Kepler mission/Dana Berry https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/1002/kepler-beauty-shot/► Planet formation simulation by Sean Raymond: https://youtu.be/oBQqwfNLHug► Hydraulic press videos by Crazy Hidraulic Press:https://youtu.be/QYqOMjoz_i8 and https://youtu.be/MObYpxKG9XI► Animated solar system animation by Steven Howe:https://youtu.be/08J_MI0KSqA::Film/TV clips used::► Arrival (2016) - Paramount Pictures► The House (2017) - Warner Bros. Pictures► Star Trek: The Next Generation - Paramount Television► Saturday Night Live - NBS::Chapters::00:00 Prologue01:42 Exopatterns07:25 Computational Linguistics10:40 Brown Clustering19:25 Planetary Linguistics29:52 Outro and credits#PlanetaryLinguistics #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For 72 hours, enjoy 15% OFF on all Hoverpens with code COOLWORLDS, or click on the link https://noviumdesign.shop/CoolWorlds - Free shipping to most countries. Also on Amazon: https://noviumdesign.shop/1HrMzsWe've all the heard headlines of scientists claiming evidence of alien life, but time and time again it turns up bust. Why does this keep happening? And will we ever be able to break out of this cycle? Our new research paper tackles this profound question, and outlines a possible way out...Written & presented by David Kipping→ Support our research: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get merch: https://crowdmade.com/collections/cool-worlds→ Check out our podcast: www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsPodcastTHANK-YOU to S. Shardool, M. Seay, M. McMillan, M. Popovski, M. Singh, M. Elliott, M. Donkin, M. Zajonc, M. Czirr, M. Williams, M. Daughaday, M. Muriuki, M. Cartmell, M. Ford, M. Devermont, M. Hedlund, M. Patterson, M. Murphy, M. Bassnett, M. Lovely, M. Schiff, M. Bylinsky, C. Fitzgerald, M. Danielson, M. Morrow, M. Corwin, M. Schreiner, M. Metts, M. Stevenson, M. Vystoropskyi, M. Brownlee, M. Shamp, M. Sattler, M. Ross-Lee, M. Bueche, M. Fitzsimmons, M. Borisoff, M. Larter, M. Cunningham, M. Williams, M. Alley, M. Adler, M. Murray, L. Deacon, M. Kruger, M. Bryant, M. Lee, P. Johnston, M. Sanford, N. Offor, M. Saint, R. Borbidge, M. Reese, M. Langley, M. Howard, M. Stewart, M. Morrison, M. Kennedy, M. Aron, M. Rockett, M. Kingston, M. Daniluk, M. Schoen, M. Lee, M. Huch, M. Chaffee, M. Simmons, M. Herman, M. Vaal, M. Canning, M. Kochkov, M. Fullwood, G. Belsak, M. Bergman, M. Armstrong, M. Bottaccini, M. Farabee, B. Gaalen, M. Haan, M. Hoffman, E. Garland, M. Everest, M. Venzor, M. Frederick, M. Peraza, W. Ruf, M. Matters, M. Smith, M. Hansen, M. Edris, M. Souter, M. Smith, M. OBrien, M. Provost & M. Nimmerjahn.PAPERCheck out my paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02969MUSICLicensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], Artlist.io, via CC Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) or with permission from the artist. You can see all of our past music here: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0Bu2UQlKDb0KaeliLZUOZn0:00 Falls - Life in Binary1:52 Sid Acharya - Searching for Answers5:06 Atlas - Waking Up6:28 Brad Hill - World of Wonder7:46 Chris Zabriskie - Music from Neptune Flux 018:28 Scott Buckley Dragon’s Lullabye10:33 Hill - It Wasnt Mine To Begin With14:10 Hill - Don’t Think20:20 Hill - When Darkness is No Longer Dark23:44 Hill - Mourning WakesCHAPTERS0:00 The Cycle of False Hope1:53 A Century of Alien Claims5:07 Why This Keeps Happening6:28 Novium7:47 It’s all Aliens!8:28 -A Claim of Last Resorts10:33 Unknown Unknowns11:59 The Phosphine Case Study18:04 A/B Testing21:15 High Stakes Experiments23:45 Final Thoughts24:32 Outro#Aliens #Astrobiology #CoolWorlds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We recently announced the discovery of the first Jupiter-like planet seen to transit its star. Thanks to all of you who watched our last video (link below!). There were some great questions posted in the comments and elsewhere, so in this video the discovered, Prof Kipping, answers your questions directly!::More about this Video::► Our video announcing the discovery of Kepler-167e: https://youtu.be/ZTKVC2zBElA► Kipping et al. (2016), "A Transiting Jupiter Analog": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.00042► Centauri Dreams blog article: http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=35135► Bryan et al. (2016), "Statistics of Long Period Gas Giant Planets in Known Planetary Systems": http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07595► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk::Playlists For Channel::Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorldsCool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearchGuest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuestsQ&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQAScience of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies::Follow us::SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribeCool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.eduTwitter https://twitter.com/david_kippingInstagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worldsTHANKS FOR WATCHING!! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Visit our sponsor, Brilliant.org: https://brilliant.org/CoolWorlds.Astronomers are on a quest to search for life in the Universe. Two different pathways lay ahead for this hunt, biosignatures and technosignatures. Today, we discuss the arguments for and against each and consider that intelligence could be a far more persistent phenomenon that we might naively think - with important consequences for astronomers...Written and presented by Prof David Kipping of Columbia University→ Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support→ Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-storeTHANK-YOU to our supporters T. Widdowson, D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, Z. Star, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, J. Patrick-Saunders, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black & R. Ramezankhani.::Music::Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist► Joachim Heinrich - Stratosphere► Brad Hill - A Slowly Lifting Fog [https://open.spotify.com/track/0GgkyL3y22kFslT6wUsKlt?si=35f82c623b9f486d]► Chris - Cylinder Five► Falls - Life in Binary► Chris - Cylinder Five► Falls - Ripley► Chris - The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow► Joachim Heinrich - Y► Indive - Trace Correction::Video clips::► Iceland footage by Louis Houiller► Canada footage by Florian Nick/Arc'teryx► Starry timelapse by Kuba Jurkowski► Earth zoom-out by ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser► Flask burning video by Science Skool► Plankton bloom by Planet Ocean► Wildfire footage by Meese Engine and The Atlantic► Space debris animation by ESA► JWST footage by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center► HabEx animation by NASA/JPL/Caltech► LUVOIR animation by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center► The Thinker by Great Art Explained► Rotating planet animation by Space Telescope Science Institute’s Office of Public Outreach► Paranal timelapse ESO/S. Guisard► Oumuamua animation by ESO, M. Kornmesser, L.Calcada► Colonization animation by Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback ► Sun evolving animation by ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)► K2-18b animation by ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser► Earth methane animation by NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio► Greenhouse gas animation by djxatlanta► Curiosity animation by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory► Stomatalites by Ed Austin► Chlorophyll video by Sci- Inspi► Bacteria videos by Nikon Small World 2020► Radio animation by Saturday's World► NYC timelapse by the TV Series Metropolis► Antartica base footage by the Smithsonian Channel► Tristan de Cuna footage by Redfern Natural History Productions► Easter Island drone footage by Michael Kohen► Amazonian tribe footage by the BBC► Hunting humans reconstruction by NHK WORLD-JAPAN► Chimpanzee footage by BBC► Earth in 4k by NASA/ESA/M.Kornmesser► RCP 8.5 simulation by NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA Center for Climate Simulation► Solar farms footage by VISION► Wind farm footage by Jamie Jenkins► Pyramid footage by Explore&Share► Easter Island footage by EasterIslandWTM► Stonehenge timelapse by Stonehenge Dronescapes► Supercomputer footage by Verge Science► Dancing robots by Boston Dynamics► LUVOIR unfolding by AURA::Film/TV clips used::► Papillon (2017) Bleecker Street► Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017) Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures► Ad Astra (2019) 20th Century Fox► Gravity (2013) Warner Bros. Pictur Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices