Parasomnia and Jules Lowe

In this week, the final episode of the season! Join Tiggy and James for the last time in 2026 as they explore bias, tell a story about Tiggy's dad and learn exactly how a dangerous serial killer was caught by a plumber. https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/hindsight-biashttps://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2025-76722-001.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/pii/S2009382925000025https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2025-22412-001https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368113000028https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn09ekv194wohttps://www.forcesnews.com/heritage/history/serial-killer-dennis-nilsen-and-his-career-armyhttps://medium.com/behind-local-news-uk/remembering-the-victim-not-the-killer-weeklys-special-front-marks-tragic-events-of-1978-2e43ea9c836chttps://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/mar/28/theobserver.uknews4https://crimeandcoffeecouple.com/2022/08/08/serial-killer-dennis-nilsen/https://crimeandcoffeecouple.com/2022/08/08/serial-killer-dennis-nilsen/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Nilsenhttps://www.biography.com/crime/dennis-nilsenhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/dennis-nilsen-seemed-normal-taught-serial-killers-can-look-sound/https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/Dennis_Nilsenhttps://www.businessinsider.com/denis-nilsen-cranley-gardens-muswell-hill-flat-on-sale-for-300000-2015-6

This week, Tiggy and James talk about the amygdala, the band Biffy Clyro and a case that just baffles everyone around them. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24894-amygdalahttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6640871/https://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/criminal-mindhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-20668100https://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/news/crime/22535305.father-cannot-understand-sons-hammer-attack-wife-home-arminghall/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-21198156https://www.dailymail.co.uk/lifestyle/article-14546689/heartbreaking-true-story-inspired-Ask-Angela-campaign.htmlhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd6v1e224x0ohttps://www.edp24.co.uk/news/crime/21100489.arminghall-murder-trial-husband-calm-killing-wife-angela-crompton/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-20733450

In this week's episode, a sensitive topic that we feel needs to be talked about more in today's culture. Misogyny is still rife, and by telling this story, we might convince even one person to take action where they might otherwise have not. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/misogynyhttps://medium.com/@mario_ferrera/the-psychology-of-female-self-doubt-and-internalized-sexism-11211b307736https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8207292/https://victimscommissioner.org.uk/document/women-and-equalities-committees-inquiry-misogyny-the-manosphere-and-online-content-evidence-submission/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prevent-duty-guidancehttps://metro.co.uk/2025/08/21/southport-killer-axel-rudakubana-wins-back-prison-perks-attacking-guard-boiling-water-23959062/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2025-05-12/calls-for-kettle-prison-ban-after-southport-killer-alleged-attackhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5y7g01682gohttps://www.cps.gov.uk/mersey-cheshire/news/teenager-jailed-killing-three-children-dance-class-and-trying-kill-tenhttps://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/axel-rudakubana-cardiff-banks-rwanda-liverpool-crown-court-b1205932.html#:~:text=The teenager who carried out,death, it has now emerged.https://www.nationalreview.com/2025/07/scene-from-a-horror-film-the-southport-stabbing-spree-one-year-later/amp/https://basw.co.uk/about-social-work/psw-magazine/articles/extremism-or-violent-misogyny-social-work-response-axelhttps://www.ourstreetsnow.org/blog/violent-misogyny-at-the-heart-of-the-southport-attacks-is-still-being-ignored#:~:text=Culture

On today's episode, experience a blow by blow of the UK riots back in 2011, and find out how it links to the concept of deindividuation. https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-deindividuation.htmlhttps://www.tutor2u.net/psychology/reference/aggression-evaluating-deindividuation?srsltid=AfmBOoo7pbqHaxchQ5KajUfzs8MroS6bd5d99oPpK5A4dUUBCavenDRw#:~:text=This research demonstrates that when,likely to undertake aggressive acts.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167286122005https://achology.com/psychology/the-dark-side-of-human-behavior-the-impact-of-the-zimbardo-deindividuation-study/?srsltid=AfmBOooUuMffo1X91Z9JMxNfaZUpIYJu8yxH1ayCUoIt0M51DeYU9OnOhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9339540/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378720625001144https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-killing-of-mark-dugganhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-18612054https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14436499https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-58058031https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06099/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-18901922https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/dec/07/twitter-riots-how-news-spreadhttps://ciceros.org/2021/11/06/the-england-2011-riots-when-britain-descended-into-anarchy/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/08/mark-duggan-mother-speaks-of-anger

This week, listen to the harrowing tale of Shafilea Ahmed, and find out how this links to the concept of the Level of Moral Reasoning. https://www.verywellmind.com/kohlbergs-theory-of-moral-development-2795071#:~:text=Key Takeaways,ethical reasoning about universal principles.https://kar.kent.ac.uk/36177/1/Moral Reasoning Theory and Illegal Behaviour by People with Intellectual Disabilities.pdfhttps://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.2044-8333.1998.tb00363.xhttps://www.imdb.com/title/tt11167422/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19480160https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-18144095https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/03/shafilea-ahmed-life-death-timeline#:~:text=and death – timeline-,This article is more than 13 years old,taken in by social services.https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2012-08-03/a-timeline-of-key-events-in-the-death-of-shafileahttps://www.westyorkshire.police.uk/advice/relationships/national-day-remembrance-honour-based-violence-shafilea-ahmed-story/national-day-remembrance-honour-based-violence-shafilea-ahmed-storyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Shafilea_Ahmedhttps://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Judgments/alesha-ahmed-sentencing-remarks-16112012.pdfhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19068490https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/search/2/film?phrase=shafilea+ahmed&tracked_gsrp_landing=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.co.uk%2Fvideos%2Fshafilea-ahmed

This week's episode focuses on the concept of Disinhibition and the strange case of Stefan Pakeerah. James gets vocal about the role of video games in violent behaviour, and Tiggy nods a lot. https://www.tutor2u.net/psychology/topics/disinhibition-aggression?srsltid=AfmBOoqcfGyzI-ghcbvLI7pbOHYU7W_-bk3kVioJ_BzAhlEU9rdXt5rMhttps://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.htmlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257832/https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1459696/fullhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3700923/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/sep/03/ukcrimehttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-51723031https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/murder-game-withdrawn-6968880.htmlhttps://murderpedia.org/male.L/l/leblanc-warren.htm#google_vignette

Enjoy James' editing skills as you listen to the start of this episode! We cover the concept of Fight or Flight and the extraordinary tale of Susan Kuhnhausen. https://www.simplypsychology.org/fight-flight-freeze-fawn.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780128009512000042https://www.betterup.com/blog/what-is-the-fight-or-flight-responsehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001181#:~:text=In the context of anti,improving the effectiveness of policing.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335055070_Fight_or_Flight_Integral_emotions_and_violent_intentionshttps://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2014/06/portlander_who_hired_hitman_to.htmlhttps://www.wweek.com/news/2016/08/17/a-hit-man-came-to-kill-susan-kuhnhausen-she-survived-he-didnt/https://allthatsinteresting.com/susan-kuhnhausenhttps://blurredbylines.com/articles/susan-kuhnhausen-walters-survivor-hitman-portland/https://blurredbylines.com/articles/susan-kuhnhausen-walters-survivor-hitman-portland/https://morbidology.com/susan-kuhnhausen-killed-the-hitman-sent-to-kill-her/

On this episode of Case By Concept, Tiggy and James discuss the concept of parasomnia, and how it has affected multiple people in the real world. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/parasomniashttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6402728/#:~:text=Introduction and background,than in the adult population.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079224001473https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12133-parasomnias--disruptive-sleep-disorders#symptoms-and-causeshttps://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/parasomnias-what-psychiatrists-need-knowhttp://resource.download.wjec.co.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/vtc/2016-17/16-17_1-7/wjec/eng/unit3-substantive-law/criminal-law/defences/Insanity Sleepwalker Case WJEC.pdfhttps://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/5791564.accussed-told-of-finding-fathers-battered-body/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/84/body/enacted?view=plainhttps://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/mar/19/janeperrone?CMP=gu_comhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/the-minds-of-sleepwalking-killershttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11998813https://murderpedia.org/male.F/f/frasersimon.htmhttps://news.sky.com/story/i-was-sleepwalking-can-you-kill-someone-while-youre-asleep-13141346https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11998813.amphttps://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11998813.amphttps://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11998813.amp

Today's concept comes from the world of attachment theory. Tiggy and James discuss whether maternal deprivation is somewhat outdated and the horrors of a truly intense case. https://www.tutor2u.net/psychology/reference/bowlbys-theory-of-maternal-deprivation?srsltid=AfmBOopWe-6sruPOo4DXiGB_WqaUI-BjWi8in_YvwzL9P_xkZ4hNP9Xbhttps://www.tutor2u.net/psychology/reference/attachment-romanian-orphan-studies?srsltid=AfmBOop3W-55cyjaW0s9c1uqEzntrCx5ngWhIyDO5l7xVNHXv61YPgVEhttps://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=msjcjhttps://www.biography.com/crime/samuel-little#early-lifehttps://www.dps.texas.gov/news/new-details-released-unsolved-samuel-little-murdershttps://www.dps.texas.gov/news/new-details-released-unsolved-samuel-little-murdershttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-46384197.amphttps://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/national/samuel-little-serial-killer/part-two/

This week's episode has a slightly different concept, in the sense that it is medical. However, researchers in the psychology field have found it super fascinating and are using fMRIs to figure out all sorts of questions surrounding the brain. We relate fMRIs to the strange case of Brian Dugan, who was the first to use this type of scan in a criminal case. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/25034-functional-mri-fmrihttps://www.med.wisc.edu/news/psychopaths-brains-differences-structure-function/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763424003737https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/divisions/fmrib/what-is-fmri/introduction-to-fmrihttps://academic.oup.com/scan/article/1/2/158/2362915https://murderpedia.org/male.D/d/dugan-brian-james.htmhttps://law.stanford.edu/2009/12/14/neuroscience-and-sentencing-diminished-culpability-and-capacity-for-change/https://www.science.org/content/article/fmri-evidence-used-murder-sentencinghttps://www.criminallawlibraryblog.com/fmri_evidence_used_in_murder_sentencing/https://www.dailyherald.com/20091105/news/strange-mind-of-a-killer-researcher-says-dugan-rare-psychopath/https://www.steme.org/post/science-behind-psychopathyhttps://www.nature.com/articles/464340a