एक न्यायपूर्ण समाज कैसे बनाएं? Rawls v/s Nozick Debate

क्या आपको पता है कि विश्व युद्ध और भारत के बंटवारे के बाद भी दशकीय जनगणना समय पर की गयी थी, जब की हालिया दशकीय जनगणना करने में देरी हो चुकी है। इससे शासन प्रणाली पर काफ़ी असर पड़ेगा क्योंकि हर एक जिल्ले में कितनी सरकारी सुविधा प्रदान की जाये ये जनगणना के हिसाब से निश्चित किया जाता है। जनगणना और जनसंरचना याने कि डेमोग्राफी एक दिलचस्प विषय है जिसको गहराई से समझाने के लिए हमारे साथ पुलियाबाज़ी पर जुड़े प्रोफ़ेसर शिवकुमार जोलद। सुनिए इस पुलियाबाज़ी को और समझिये भारत की बदलती जनसंरचना के बारे में।  Did you know that even after World War II and the partition of India, the decennial census was conducted on time? The recent decennial census has been delayed and it is a matter of concern  because this will have an impact on all levels of governance. This week on Puliyabaazi, Professor Shivkumar Jolad joins us to discuss the fascinating discipline of Demography. This is a Puliyabaazi with many TIL moments. Do listen in. We discuss:* The discipline of demography* Why is the census important?* History of census in India* Impact of caste census* How is India’s demography changing * Counting languages and state formationReadings: Articles by Shivakumar Jolad* India's Linguistic Diversity: How the Census obscures it * Pedagogical Problem of the Census* Demography in service of other social sciences * Perils of a Centralized State* Listen to related Puliyabaazi:जातीय जनगणना होनी चाहिए या नहीं? Pros and Cons of a Caste Censusभारत की जनसंख्या: विस्फोट या वरदान? Is India overpopulated?If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @shivakjoladTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

अक्सर हमारे नेता भारतीय शहरों को सिंगापुर जैसा बनाने का सपना रखते है। क्या है जो हमारे शहर सिंगापुर से सीख सकते हैं?  इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर सुनिए सिंगापुर यात्रा से प्रणय के अवलोकन। इस सफ़रनामा में बात खुले व्यापार से लेकर स्ट्रीट लाइट्स तक। सुनियेगा ज़रूर। Singapore is often seen as a model for development for Indian cities. This week, Pranay shares his observations from his recent visit to the city-state of Singapore. We discuss:* Should we make our cities as union territory?* 100 Singapores in India* Can Indian cities learn from Singapore?* Kids travelling alone* Churn in city centre* Administrative outlook* Import dependence and free trade* Energy intense economy* Smart DiplomacyPranay’s travelogue:https://publicpolicy.substack.com/i/144748014/global-policy-watch-a-singapore-summerListen to related Puliyabaazi:सफ़रनामा: अमरीका से थाईलैंड से केन्या तक। Travelogue from US, Thailand, Kenyaअमरीकी मैन्युफैक्चरिंग जगत का सफ़रनामा। US Travelogue - Trade Exhibitions, Saving Art, and Unisex ToiletsIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.substack: Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

क्या आपने कभी सोचा है कि एक न्यायपूर्ण समाज कैसा दिखता है? आज हम न्यायपूर्ण समाज की दो परिकल्पना को समझेंगे, जॉन रॉल्स और रोबर्ट नोज़िक के दृष्टिकोण से। जॉन रॉल्स करते हैं समानता की पैरवी, जब के नोज़िक रखते हैं स्वतंत्रता का पक्ष। इस पुलियाबाज़ी में हम दोनों पक्षों के तर्क को समझने की कोशिश करेंगे।  क्या इसमें कोई समाधान की आशा है? वो तो आप ही सुनिए, सोचिये और बताइये। In this episode of Puliyabaazi, we delve into the philosophical debate between John Rawls and Robert Nozick on what makes a just society. What is more important? equality or liberty?John Rawls proposes the "veil of ignorance" thought experiment, where individuals choose principles of justice for a society while not knowing their own social status. Robert Nozick, on the other hand, prioritizes individual liberty. His book Anarchy, State, and Utopia argues for minimal government intervention, emphasizing the right to keep what one has justly acquired. The Debate Heats UpThis episode is an exploration of these two differing points of view. We unpack their core arguments, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and delve into some real-world implications of their ideas.We discuss:* Is philosophy useful in crafting policy?* Rawls’ Theory of Justice* Greatest Equal Liberty Principle* Maximin Principle* Do we really believe in equality?* Nozick’s answer to Rawls* A patterned distribution will not workReadings:A Theory of Justice by John RawlsAnarchy, State and Utopia by Robert NozickListen to related Puliyabaazi:गांधी टैगोर की पुलियाबाज़ी. The Gandhi Tagore Debatesएक सवाल, कई जवाब: क्या सम्पत्ति कर आर्थिक असमानता से निजात दिला सकता है? Can wealth tax solve economic inequality?If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

भारत में भवन निर्माण कोड तो कई है, पर क्या वे सभी तर्कसंगत और व्यावहारिक है? समय के साथ जड़ हो गए बिल्डिंग कोड से भारतीय कंपनियों का कितना नुकसान हो रहा है? क्या है इसके दीर्घकालिक परिणाम? आज इस विषय को गहराई से समझेंगे भुवना आनंद और सरगुन कौर के साथ जिन्होंने स्टेट ऑफ़ रेगुलेशन रिपोर्ट में भारतीय फैक्ट्रियों के बिल्डिंग कोड का गहराई से अध्ययन किया है।  This week on Puliyabaazi, we discuss the State of Regulation Report on building standards with Bhuvana Anand and Sargun Kaur. Their report assesses building codes for factories across various states and finds that building codes in India are significantly more restrictive than other developing countries. Many codes are obsolete and archaic. What is the cost of such overly restrictive codes on firms in India?We discuss:* What are Building Regulations?* Regulations vs Safety* Historical context* Alternatives* Lessons from data and reality* Floor Area Ratio* Impact of excessive regulation* Regulations across sectorsReading recommendations by Sargun and Bhuvana:* State of Regulation Report by Bhuvana Anand, Sargun Kaur and Shubho Roy* How building laws lock India's factory land * Some academic references:* Building regulations are a barrier to affordable housing in Indian cities: the case of Ahmedabad by Bimal Patel, Sweta Byahut, Brijesh Bhatha* Measuring welfare gains from relaxation of land-use restrictions: The case of India’s building-height limits by Jan K. Brueckner and Kala Seetharam Sridhar* Land markets, government interventions and housing affordability by Alain Bertaud* Emergence of sub-optimal land utilization patterns in Indian cities by Sweta Byahut, Bimal Patel and Jignesh Mehta* Link to Prosperiti's substack to read more about state-level regulations in IndiaListen to related Puliyabaazi:श्रम कानून में सुधार कैसे लाया जाए? Reforming India’s Labour Laws ft. Bhuvana Anandभारत का भविष्य हमारे शहर तय करेंगे। Managing India’s Cities ft. Devashish Dhar, AuthorIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

हम सभी जानते है कि भारत की राज्य क्षमता यानी की state capacity सीमित है। इसका असर आम भारतीयों के जीवन पर भी होता है। प्राथमिक शिक्षा का उदाहरण लें तो यदि हम यथास्थिति बनाए रखते हैं, तो 2047 तक, हमारे पास अन्य 20 करोड़ बच्चे होंगे जो बुनियादी साक्षरता के बिना प्राथमिक शिक्षा पूरी करेंगे। लेकिन बड़ा सवाल यह है कि राज्य की क्षमता कैसे बढ़ाई जाए? सरकारी नौकरशाही के ब्लैक बॉक्स को कैसे सुधारा जाए? इन्हीं कुछ अहम सवालों के जवाबों की खोज प्रोफेसर कार्तिक मुरलीधरन की नयी किताब में। माफ़ कीजियेगा, ये किताब नहीं, ग्रंथ है। आज की पुलिया पर उसकी झांकी लीजिये, वो भी प्रोफ़ेसर साहब की सहज हिंदी में। हमें तो कई उत्तर मिलें। आप भी सुनिए, और कुछ सवाल हो तो हमें ज़रूर भेजिए। The Indian state takes up mighty goals, but fails to fulfil them due to its limited state capacity. This has disastrous consequences on the lives of ordinary Indians. Take the example of primary education—if we maintain the status quo, by 2047, we will have another 20 crore children that will finish primary school without basic literacy. But the big question is how to increase state capacity? How to tweak the black box of government bureaucracy to make it work better? In this puliyabaazi, we look for some answers from Prof. Karthik Muralidharan’s new book that combines scholarly research and practical insights to provide actionable, evidence-based strategies for better governance. Readings:Accelerating India’s Development by Karthik Muralidharan acceleratingindiasdevelopment.inListen to related Puliyabaazi:आर्थिक सुधारों की कहानी मोंटेक सिंह अहलूवालिया की ज़ुबानी। Backstage with Montek Singh Ahluwaliaबेलगाम संस्थाएं, जनता का नुकसान। Caged Tiger ft. Subhashish BhadraIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @karthik_econTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

इस हफ़्ते पुलियाबाज़ी पर हमारे दो बेंगलुरु निवासी होस्ट ‘कारे मेघा, कारे मेघा’ का आलाप लगाते पाए गए। पानी कब बरसेगा ये तो पता नहीं, पर इस पानी की समस्या में छिपे कुछ पब्लिक पॉलिसी के पाठ प्रणय ने ख़ोज निकाले। जब किसी संसाधन की कमी हो तो उसकी सही कीमत लगाने से  उसका सही उपयोग निश्चित किया जा सकता है, ये तो पुलियाबाज़ी के श्रोता जानते ही होंगे। आज की पुलियाबाज़ी में नज़र दौड़ाते हैं बेंगलुरु में मिल रहे पानी की सही कीमत और उसे कौन चुकाता है इसके बारे में भी। इसी साथ पब्लिक पॉलिसी समझने के एक फ्रेमवर्क विकसैलियन कनेक्शन को भी समझ लेते हैं। As the graph below shows, the silicon valley of India is experiencing a heat wave. This is going to exacerbate the ongoing water crisis. While many find the solution in drawing more from Kaveri, Pranay analyses the issue through the framework of Wicksellian Connection—a public policy framework that looks for an overlap between the three aspects of utilising a scarce resource. Who decides? Who gets the benefit? Who pays for it? How does Bengaluru’s water supply fare when tested on this framework? What are the consequences of such a Wicksellian Disconnection and how can it be resolved? This and more on today’s Puliyabaazi.We discuss:* A public policy view to water crisis* A Wicksellian Disconnection* Subsidising the elite* Water usage in Singapore* Solution based on this framework* Where to apply this framework?Readings:India Policy Watch #1: A Wicksellian Disconnection by Pranay KotasthaneWell Labs Bengaluru Urban Water Balance ReportBangalore Water Crisis: Marginal pricing of water, subsidies to poor may curb water woes by Anupam ManurListen to related Puliyabaazi:भारत: एक भूजल सभ्यता। India: A Groundwater Civilisation.कावेरी जल विवाद को कैसे सुलझाएं? Resolving the Kaveri water disputeIf you have any questions or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

आज़ादी के बाद भारत में जो राजनीतिक पार्टियां उभर कर आ रही थी उसमें से एक थी राजाजी द्वारा स्थापित स्वतंत्र पार्टी। उनकी कोशिश थी की आज़ादी के बाद के भारत में कांग्रेस की योजनाबद्ध व्यवस्था के सामने स्वतंत्र आर्थिक नीति के समर्थन में एक प्रतिपक्ष रखा जाये। क्या थी इस स्वतंत्र पार्टी की विचारधारा और उसकी राजनीति? जिस समय देश में समाजवादी विचारधारा का प्रभुत्व था उस समय अमरीका की लिबर्टेरियन विचारधारा से प्रभावित पार्टी कैसे उभर कर आ पायी? हमें तो ये कहानी एक गुत्थी की तरह लगी जो हमारे मेहमान आदित्य बालसुब्रमन्यन अपनी किताब और इस पुलियाबाज़ी में बख़ूबी सुलझाते हैं। हिंदी में बोलने के आदी न होने के बावजूद आदित्य ने हिंदी में बात करने का विशेष प्रयत्न किया उस के लिए उन्हें शुक्रिया। Join us in this conversation as we try to understand the origins and ideology of the Swatantra party, which was an attempt at offering effective opposition to Congress’s one party dominance in post-independence India. The party, founded by C. Rajagopalachari who famously formulated the term ‘Licence Permit Raj’, was influenced by libertarian thought and rallied behind the promise of a free economy in contrast to the planned economy of the erstwhile Congress government. But history is seldom that straightforward. This story and its characters also have many shades. Listen patiently as our guest Aditya Balasubramanian narrates a comprehensive picture of the Swatantra party and its politics. We discuss:* Understanding the roots of liberalisation* Emerging ideologies after independence* Free Economy vs Free Markets* Policy changes after independence* How did they gather electoral strength* Rallying around private property rights* C. Rajagopalachari’s involvement in Swatantra* Difference between theory and practice* The decline of Swatantra* The use of print public sphereReadings:Toward a Free Economy by Aditya BalasubramanianListen to related Puliyabaazi:भारत में बैंकिंग : हुंडी से सरकारीकरण तक. History of Indian Banking Part 1.आज़ादी की राह: स्वदेशी बनाम खुले व्यापार की १५० साल पुरानी बहस। Historical Debate on Swadeshi vs Free TradeIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @Aditya_BalasubTwitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

हाल ही में सौरभ अपने काम को लेकर अमरीका जाकर आए। तीन अलग अलग शहर एटलांटा, डेट्रॉइट और पालो आल्टो की मुलाकात ली। तो आइये जानते है कि अमेरिका में व्यापार प्रदर्शन कैसे होते है? कौन बचा सकता है एक दिवालिया शहर की कलाकृतियों को? और ऐसे कई अनोखे अवलोकन सौरभ के पिटारे से। This week, we get a peek into the world of manufacturing in the US as Saurabh shares his travel notes from his visit to Atlanta, Detroit and Palo Alto. We discuss:* Trade Exhibition in Atlanta* Detroit, a ghost city?* Innovative Robots* Do we need Humanoid Robots?* Hubs and VC funding* Globalisation in Supply Chain * Observations in Palo AltoReadings:* Alexis de Tocqueville* The Fight to Save Detroit’s Art Museum* California Proposition 47Listen to related Puliyabaazi:सफ़रनामा: अमरीका से थाईलैंड से केन्या तक। Travelogue from US, Thailand, Kenyaडिजिटल इंडिया का भविष्य कैसा है? India’s Digital Future ft. Nikhil PahwaIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeePuliyabaazi is on these platforms:Twitter: @puliyabaazi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/puliyabaazi/Subscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

ऐतिहासिक रूप से भारत-अमेरिका संबंध "कभी हां कभी ना" जैसा रहा है। हाल के वर्षों में बदलते भू-राजनीतिक परिदृश्य के साथ इसमें बदलाव आया है, लेकिन कुछ कारणवश हम आज भी अमरीका को थोड़ा संदेह के साथ देखते है। भारत-अमरीका संबंधों के विरुद्ध जो तर्क दिए जाते हैं उनमें कितना दम है? अमेरिका के साथ घनिष्ठ साझेदारी बनाने में भारत को क्या आर्थिक और तकनीकी लाभ होगा? इन सब सवालों पर विस्तार में चर्चा डिफेन्स क्षेत्र में विशेषज्ञ युसूफ उंझावाला के साथ। What will India gain by forming a closer partnership with the US? Can the US be trusted as a partner? Will this jeopardise India’s relations with her historic ally Russia? This week on Puliyabaazi, we discuss the arguments given against closer India-US relations with Yusuf Unjhawala. Yusuf is an Adjunct Scholar at the Takshashila Institution. He has a keen interest in defence and geopolitics and runs India's largest online discussion forum on defence and strategic affairs.We discuss* Recent changes in India-US relations* What are the military and political arguments against close India-US ties* Reliability of US as a supplier* Compromising our strategic autonomy* Relooking alliances with a new perspectiveReadings:Takshashila Discussion Document - Assessing Arguments Against Closer India-US Ties by Yusuf Unjhawala [link]Listen to related Puliyabaazi:कभी हाँ कभी ना। India-US Relations ft. Seema Sirohiभारत से यूरोप वाया सऊदी अरब। New Beginnings with India-Middle East-Europe CorridorIf you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @puliyabaazi @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeeGuest: @YusufDFIPuliyabaazi is on these platforms: Substack, Twitter, InstagramSubscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in

हाल ही में केंद्र सरकार द्वारा बिठाई गयी उच्च स्तरीय समिति ने भारत में समकालिक चुनाव पर अपनी रिपोर्ट पेश की। सरकार एक देश एक चुनाव को लेकर काफ़ी संजीदा है। तो क्या है इस समिति के सुझाव? क्या इनसे समस्या सुलझेगी या और उलझेगी? इसी बात पर सुनिए आज की पुलियाबाज़ी। This week on Puliyabaazi, we discuss the High Level Committee Report on simultaneous elections in India that has been released recently. What are its recommendations? What are the unintended consequences of such a drastic change to our election system? We discuss:* Disruptions due to Model Code of Conduct* Should uncertainty associated with elections be reduced?* Will this weaken federalism?* Will this undermine local issues?For your reading:High Level Committee Report [link]Pranay’s newsletter on One Nation One Election [link]:Listen to related Puliyabaazi:एक सवाल, कई जवाब: एक देश-एक चुनाव के बारे में कैसे सोचा जाए? How to think about One Nation-One Election?स्वतंत्र भारत में मतदान की कहानियाँ. How India Conducts Elections.If you have any questions for the guest or feedback for us, please comment here or write to us at [email protected]. If you like our work, please subscribe and share this Puliyabaazi with your friends, family and colleagues.Website: https://puliyabaazi.inHosts: @puliyabaazi @saurabhchandra @pranaykotas @thescribblebeePuliyabaazi is on these platforms: Twitter, InstagramSubscribe & listen to the podcast on iTunes, Google Podcasts, Castbox, AudioBoom, YouTube, Spotify or any other podcast app. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.puliyabaazi.in