Examining Mortality Disparities by Sexual Orientation Among Female Nurses

Between 2019 and 2021, pediatric mortality rates had the largest increases in at least half a century. Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH, of Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Society and Health, joins JAMA Associate Editor Tracy A. Lieu, MD, MPH, to discuss how racial and ethnic disparities and specific causes have factored into these increases and what this means for policymakers and clinicians. Related Content: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth Injury Prevention Science and Firearm Injury in Pediatric Health

When initial treatment with varenicline or nicotine replacement doesn't work, does increasing dosage improve smoking cessation rates? Paul Cinciripini, PhD, of MD Anderson Cancer Center's Department of Behavioral Science, joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss guidance on the best strategies for smoking cessation following an initial quit attempt. Related Content: Smoking Cessation After Initial Treatment Failure With Varenicline or Nicotine Replacement

Extensive evidence documents health disparities for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women, including worse physical, mental, and behavioral health than heterosexual women. Sarah McKetta, ScM, MD, PhD, discusses these factors and their link to premature mortality with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS. Related Content: Disparities in Mortality by Sexual Orientation in a Large, Prospective Cohort of Female Nurses

Can real-time EHR–generated recommendations safely reduce antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with pneumonia or UTI? Shruti K. Gohil, MD, MPH, of the University of California-Irvine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, to discuss the INSPIRE randomized clinical trial. Related Content: Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection Harnessing the Electronic Health Record to Improve Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing

Climate action is an urgent public health imperative. Climate change is causing excess morbidity and mortality and posing an increasing threat to mental health and well-being. The US health care sector is a significant contributor to this problem. A. Eugene Washington, MD, of Duke University, discusses accelerating climate action with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content: Accelerating Climate Action Through Academic Health Systems

The utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer detection is impacted by detection of cancers with low risk of mortality. Editorialist Jeffrey J. Tosoian, MD, MPH, discusses a pragmatic approach to prostate cancer screening with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary L. (Nora) Disis, MD. Related Content: A Pragmatic Approach to Prostate Cancer Screening Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA, Kallikrein Panel, and MRI Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and 15-Year Prostate Cancer Mortality

Infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are difficult to treat with increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization, and health care costs. Author Susan S. Huang, MD, MPH, from the University of California Irvine School of Medicine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, to discuss a new study that used a regional intervention to prevent MDROs. Related Content: Reducing Hospitalizations and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms via Regional Decolonization in Hospitals and Nursing Homes

The US Supreme Court will soon decide a case challenging the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) approval of mifepristone. Author Holly Fernandez Lynch, JD, MBE, University of Pennsylvania, joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss the science and politics surrounding this significant case. Related Content: The FDA in the Crosshairs—Science, Politics, and Abortion Provision of Medications for Self-Managed Abortion Before and After the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization Decision Understanding the Impacts of the Supreme Court Case FDA v Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine

How did GPT-4 Vision, a model that can work with images and text as input, perform when answering clinical challenge questions from medical journals? Daniel Truhn, MD, MSc, of the University Hospital Aachen in Germany, joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss this topic. Related Content: Comparative Analysis of Multimodal Large Language Model Performance on Clinical Vignette Questions

An observational study by Lin Li, PhD, and colleagues, published in JAMA, found that pharmacotherapy was associated with reduced mortality in individuals with ADHD. Frances R. Levin, MD, of the Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, who wrote an accompanying editorial, joins JAMA Associate Editor Donald C. Goff, MD, to discuss the results of this article. Related Content: Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Matters