Whose Values Shape AI?

We tell AI what to do, write a text, solve a problem, answer a question. But what if it developed a purpose of its own? In this episode, Selene Báez Santamaría from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam joins us to explore AI systems that learn through dialogue, build structured memories, and even recognise what they don’t know. Together with Professor Catholijn Jonker, we ask: what happens when AI moves beyond obedience and starts to reflect, question, and grow?Selene explains how her conversational agents learn not just from people, but with them, asking questions, spotting contradictions, and expanding knowledge responsibly. Yet this evolution raises profound ethical questions: if AI mirrors our thoughts and perspectives, are we ready for such an honest reflection of ourselves? And when machines begin to learn through connection, what responsibility do we carry for what they become?

In this episode of Hybrid Society, we spotlight AI negotiation researcher Bram Renting (Leiden University & Delft University of Technology). Together with hosts Joshiya Mitsunaga and Catholijn Jonker, Bram takes us inside the cutting edge of AI systems that don’t just schedule meetings—but actively negotiate complex human preferences.Bram shares how his research uses advanced techniques like deep reinforcement learning to build AI that can handle layered, value-driven negotiations—from coordinating busy agendas to optimizing energy distribution at a societal level. He explains why even a “simple” calendar appointment hides complex trade-offs, and how scalable, human-in-the-loop systems can keep negotiations transparent, fair, and aligned with our values.Can AI truly understand what matters to us? And how do we ensure it negotiates with us, not for someone else? Bram offers practical insights, recent breakthroughs, and a compelling vision for hybrid intelligence—where humans and AI negotiate better together.

When citizens share their views on local projects, we expect every opinion to count, but does it, when AI joins the discussion? In this episode, Michiel van der Meer from Leiden University explains how artificial intelligence processes human opinions and what it takes to make sure every voice is represented. Together with Professor Catholijn Jonker, we explore how hybrid intelligence can make digital democracy more inclusive and transparent.The conversation takes a critical turn when AI’s role in democracy raises tough ethical questions: Can we trust algorithms to handle personal opinions responsibly? How do we prevent bias, manipulation, and echo chambers when technology amplifies only the loudest voices? Michiel and Catholijn discuss how hybrid intelligence can protect diversity and fairness, reminding us that human responsibility must remain at the core of any democratic system.

Robots that help children learn, play, and feel better, dream or reality? In this episode, we talk with Mike Ligthart, researcher of social robots in education and healthcare. Together with Professor Frank van Harmelen, we explore how intelligent these robots should actually be. From simulated empathy to storytelling, Mike explains how robots can build real connections with children, and where the ethical boundaries lie.But what happens when smart technology falls into the wrong hands? How do we prevent misuse while still developing systems that can genuinely improve education and healthcare? Mike highlights the importance of responsible design and collaboration, while Frank explains how hybrid intelligence can help maintain those ethical boundaries.

From facial recognition to predictive policing, technology is increasingly being used to support legal decision-making. But how far do we want to go? Could AI replace a judge? Is AI the answer to miscarriages of justice?In this episode, Cor Steging, researcher in Explainable AI and a critical voice on the reliability of AI in legal decision-making, joins the discussion. Also with us is Frank van Harmelen, Professor of AI and specialist in hybrid intelligence, here to shed light on the balance between AI and human decision-making.

AI is advancing at lightning speed, transforming economies, politics, and the way we trust information. But what happens when we begin to trust AI more than ourselves? In this episode of Hybrid Society, we dive into the foundations of AI trust, flawed data, misinformation, and the growing concentration of power. With insights from Siddharth Mehrothra, expert on the risks of overreliance, and Professor Catholijn Jonker, leading advocate for Hybrid Intelligence, we explore whether transparency, collaboration, and decentralization can truly keep AI in check. From the promise of safety through centralized projects like “Stargate” to the dangers of global misinformation control, this conversation confronts the paradox at the heart of our AI-driven future: Do we control AI, or does AI control us?

What happens when artificial intelligence learns our values, or ignores them completely? In this episode of Hybrid Society, hosts Joshiya Mitsunaga and Catholijn Jonker talk with researcher Enrico Liscio about the promises and risks of hybrid intelligence, the clash between freedom and regulation, and what it means when machines start negotiating human values.