Essentials: The Neuroscience of Speech, Language & Music | Dr. Erich Jarvis

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Erich Jarvis, PhD, a professor and Head of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language at Rockefeller University and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). We discuss the brain circuits and genes underlying spoken language and why the ability to learn and produce vocalizations is extraordinarily rare in the animal kingdom. We also explore why song likely evolved before language, how gesture and movement share deep neural roots with speech, the neurobiology of stuttering, why childhood is the optimal window for language acquisition, and how physical movement — including dance — may help preserve speech and cognitive function across a lifetime. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Speech & Language (00:00:23) Speech vs. Language; Brain Pathways for Communication (00:01:57) Gesture, Hand Movement & Speech Evolution (00:04:31) Sponsor: Function (00:05:59) Innate Vocalizations vs. Learned Speech (00:08:01) Evolution of Spoken Language; Neanderthals & Vocal Learning (00:09:29) Birdsong & Human Speech; Brain Circuit Parallels (00:13:22) Hummingbirds; Vocal Learning Species & Complex Traits (00:14:32) Critical Periods & Learning Your Native Song (00:16:50) Pidgin Language & Cultural-Genetic Convergence (00:18:36) Sponsor: AG1 (00:20:01) Genes Specialized in Speech Circuits (00:23:05) Critical Period for Language Learning; Multilingualism (00:25:17) Music, Emotion & Semantic vs. Affective Communication (00:28:14) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (00:29:49) Facial Expression & Speech Circuitry (00:31:07) Written Language & Neural Pathways (00:32:47) Stuttering; Basal Ganglia & Neurobiological Basis (00:35:03) Texting & Language Evolution (00:36:36) Tool: Movement, Dancing & Singing to Maintain Cognitive Health (00:38:43) Recap Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Marc Brackett, PhD, is founding director of the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence and a professor in the Child Study Center at Yale University. We discuss the science of emotion regulation and practical tools to increase your emotional intelligence. Dr. Brackett clarifies exactly how to do that both in the context of relationships, but also things that you can do on your own to become more emotionally intelligent to later serve you in the context of relationships, work, school, etc. We also discuss how your childhood experiences influence your relationship with emotions, with particular emphasis on how boys and men are socialized around emotional processing and expression. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Lingo: https://hellolingo.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Marc Brackett (00:02:55) Emotion Regulation (00:05:53) Emotion Mindset, Anxiety; Good or Bad Emotions? (00:11:25) Sponsors: Joovv & Lingo (00:13:54) Permission for Happiness; Gender, Emotion Suppression (00:22:13) Young Men, Vulnerability, Incapable; Gay Men (00:31:00) Boys & Men, Crying; Emotion Socialization (00:37:34) Sponsor: AG1 (00:38:58) Physical Interaction; Rough/Tumble Play, Teaching Emotion Regulation (00:46:47) Emotion Calibration, Tools: Leaders & Being a Role Model; Meta-Moment (00:56:15) Meditation & Stress Tolerance, Tool: Label Emotions; Childhood (01:03:12) Sponsor: LMNT (01:04:32) Understand Your Assumptions, Tool: Intentional Co-Regulation (01:12:09) Vocabulary & Rethinking Emotion, Tool: Reframing (01:15:49) Emotional Intelligence Training, Self-Evaluation (01:22:15) Living with Discomfort & Emotional Intelligence (01:27:01) Marc's Work & Criticism; Emotion "Leakage" & Switching Mindset (01:34:19) Sponsor: Rorra (01:35:32) Excitement, Positive Emotion; Modern Concerns, AI & Disconnection (01:45:11) Major Societal Challenges & Everyday Progress (01:54:38) Physical/Emotional Identity & Envision Best Self, Tool: Meta-Moment (02:05:33) Emotional Intelligence (02:12:46) Curiosity & Compassion; Reflection, Identity (02:19:32) Point of Connection Game (02:25:02) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how memories are formed and how key neurochemicals, such as adrenaline, can be leveraged to enhance memory formation. I also share science-based protocols to enhance learning, strengthen memory recall and reduce the number of repetitions needed to retain new information. In addition, I discuss how exercise supports cognitive function and memory and explore unique memory phenomena such as déjà vu. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Memory (00:00:21) Sensory Stimuli & Memory Bias (00:01:54) Associations & Memory; Tool: Repetition (00:05:00) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (00:06:18) Stress, Adrenaline & Strengthening Memories (00:11:10) Caffeine & Stimulants, Tool: Timing to Enhance Learning & Memory (00:14:39) Tool: Naps & Sleep for Learning & Memory (00:16:56) Sponsor: AG1 (00:18:19) Increase Adrenaline to Enhance Learning & Memory, Chronic Stress (00:21:56) Adrenaline Boosts Memory: Centuries-Old Practice (00:24:03) Tool: Cardiovascular Exercise & Brain Health, Neurogenesis (00:26:11) Exercise, Osteocalcin, Hippocampus & Memory (00:29:37) Sponsor: LMNT (00:31:09) Tool: Photographs, Mental Snapshots & Improved Memory (00:34:08) Déjà Vu (00:36:22) Tool: Brief Meditation Practice to Enhance Memory (00:38:38) Recap Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Natalie Crawford, MD, is a double board-certified OB-GYN and reproductive endocrinologist. We discuss how to improve hormone health at any age and the importance of fertility markers not just for pregnancy, but as a powerful window into overall health, vitality and longevity. We discuss hormone replacement therapy, egg freezing, IVF, and what biomarkers like AMH really indicate. Plus, how anti-inflammatory diets and specific supplements can be beneficial and the impact of microplastics and certain fragrances on hormones. We also discuss lesser-known factors that deplete male and female fertility, vitality and health. This conversation highlights how better understanding of hormones and your reproductive markers can empower better informed choices at every stage of life. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Natalie Crawford (00:02:26) Fertility as a Health Marker, Infertility (00:05:34) Perimenopause, Menopause, Hormone Replacement Theory (00:11:01) Sponsors: David & BetterHelp (00:13:35) Hormone Therapy, Extending Ovarian Lifespan (00:19:11) Plastics, Toxins & Fertility (00:22:02) Does Prior Pregnancy Make Conception Easier?, Secondary Infertility (00:29:02) Testing Sperm; Pregnancy Loss & Conceiving Again, Fertility Testing (00:38:17) Sponsor: AG1 (00:39:40) Menstrual Cycle, Egg Number & Quality, AMH Test (00:48:17) Tool: AMH Test; Fertility Education & Patient Choices (00:53:13) Tool: Tracking Ovulation; Ovulation Disorders (00:55:11) AMH Test Cost; Genetic Testing & Patient Choice (01:01:13) Does Egg Freezing Cause Early Menopause?, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) (01:05:29) Egg Freezing, IVF, Ethical Concerns; Embryo Banking (01:15:21) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (01:16:39) Egg Freezing, Cost & Patient Choices (01:21:22) Concieving After Hormonal Birth Control, IUD or Depo-Provera (01:27:17) Pregnancy Termination & Concieving Again (01:29:28) Support Egg Quality, Tools: Ovulation & Avoiding NSAIDs; 5 Lifestyle Non-Negotiables (01:34:03) Sleep, Melatonin; Cold Plunge (01:38:41) Curcumin, NAD/NR, CoQ10, Supplements for Prenatal Care & Sperm Health (01:42:05) Sponsor: Function (01:43:16) Fertility Research into Supplements & Lifestyle Factors (01:48:21) Inflammation, Red Light (01:53:12) Cannabis & Detriments to Egg & Sperm Health (01:58:57) Nicotine, Smoking, Egg Health & Sperm Count; Healthy Lifestyle Practices (02:02:21) GLP-1s, PCOS, Endometriosis; Human Growth Hormone (02:10:58) Platelet-Rich Plasma; Paternal Age & Sperm Quality; Biotin (02:17:27) Endocrine Disruptors, Fragrances, Receipts, Tool: Fragrance-Free (02:22:48) Patient Education & Empowerment; Inflammation, Celiac Disease (02:25:40) Anti-Inflammatory Diet, Protein, Fiber, Red Meat (02:33:25) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. David Anderson, PhD, a professor of biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). We discuss the brain circuits that underlie how emotions emerge and shape behaviors, including the neural control of fear, aggression and pain. We also explore how hormones and neuromodulators influence these emotional states, and why understanding these hidden internal processes is essential for improving future mental health treatments. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) David Anderson (00:00:20) Emotions vs States (00:01:53) Emotion Qualities: Persistence & Generalization (00:04:04) Aggression (00:06:39) Sponsor: BetterHelp (00:07:41) Evolution of Fear & Aggression, Offensive vs Defensive Aggression (00:09:57) Homeostatic Behaviors & Hydraulic Pressure (00:12:58) Testosterone, Estrogen & Aggression (00:14:51) Female vs Male Aggression (00:16:48) Sponsor: AG1 (00:18:13) Mating Behavior & Aggression; Sexual Violence (00:21:48) Periaqueductal Gray, Pain Control & Fighting (00:26:03) Sponsor: Function (00:27:15) Tachykinin, Pain, Social Isolation & Aggression (00:31:47) Emotions & Somatic Feeling; Vagus Nerve (00:36:27) Acknowledgements & Future Direction Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Dacher Keltner, PhD, is a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a leading expert on the science of emotions and human connection. We discuss the science of awe—what evokes it and how to access it. Dr. Keltner explains how awe helps us frame our experience of life and who we are both as individuals and collectively. We also discuss the role of humor in social bonding, dispel common myths about the biology of emotions and review the lesser-known factors that strengthen or inhibit relationships and communities. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr Dachner Keltner (00:01:55) Emotions, Awe; Facial Expressions & Culture (00:08:11) Sponsors: Joovv & Helix Sleep (00:11:05) Emotion, Motor Movement & Language (00:15:36) Measuring Emotion; Studying Awe (00:24:10) Horizons, Small to Vast, Shifting Perspective (00:29:27) Tool: Awe Walk (00:33:53) Time Perception, Tool: Space-Time Bridging Meditation; Chimps, Vastness (00:42:13) Sponsor: AG1 (00:43:37) Consciousness, Collective Experiences & Brain Synchronization (00:50:04) Music, Concerts & Awe; Sparring, Transcendence (01:01:28) Joe Strummer (01:06:04) Inhibitors of Awe, Self-Focus & Narcissism (01:12:41) Sponsor: Function (01:13:52) Sports, Collective Effervescence (01:19:03) Social Media & Online Life, Social Community (01:29:51) Designing Cities & Places for Awe (01:34:29) Sponsor: Our Place (01:35:44) Embarrassment, Teasing; Collective Values (01:43:05) Male Friendship, Teasing (01:47:50) Isolation, Loneliness, Reemergence of Community (01:54:33) Psychedelics, Awe, Treating Trauma; Microdosing (02:01:18) Looking Forward, Awe Design (02:08:36) Campfires, Connection, Red Light (02:13:34) Life After Death; Acknowledgments (02:17:19) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Andy Galpin, PhD, Executive Director of the Human Performance Center at Parker University and an expert in building strength and muscle size (hypertrophy). We cover the core principles and protocols for building strength and muscle, including science-based guidance on reps, sets, frequency and rest intervals. We also discuss how breathing and mental focus can enhance training and how post-workout downregulation can speed recovery. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Subscribe to Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin at performpodcast.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Andy Galpin (00:00:39) 9 Exercise Adaptations; Progressive Overload (00:03:53) Progressive Overload, One-Rep Max, Soreness, Tool: Modifiable Variables (00:08:39) Sponsor: LMNT (00:10:12) Full-Body Workout, Exercise Selection (00:12:44) Training Intensity, Repetitions, Sets, Rest Intervals, Supersets (00:16:24) Sponsor: AG1 (00:17:48) Hypertrophy vs Strength Training Recovery (00:20:03) Training Volume & Frequency for Hypertrophy (00:21:56) Hypertrophy Rep Ranges, Frequency & Recovery; Cell Mechanisms (00:25:28) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (00:26:46) Tool: 3 x 5 Protocol; Power vs Strength (00:28:23) Mental Awareness in Training; Mind-Muscle Connection (00:31:25) Activating Muscle Groups, Awareness, Tool: Eccentric Overload (00:33:40) Perform Podcast: Season 3 (00:34:04) Tool: Resistance Training Breathing & Post-Training (00:38:20) Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Marc Breedlove, PhD, is a professor of neuroscience at Michigan State University and an expert on how hormones shape brain development and sexual orientation. We discuss how prenatal testosterone impacts whether someone is romantically attracted to men or women later in life, and what correlates of sexual orientation — such as finger-length ratios — tell us about the role of hormones in brain and psychological development. We also discuss why the number of older brothers a male has biases sexual orientation. Throughout, we explain how nature and nurture interact to shape male-female differences, behavior, and romantic partner choice. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Marc Breedlove (00:03:24) Hormones & Sexual Orientation (00:07:37) Prenatal Testosterone, Finger Ratio, Men & Women Differences (00:14:08) Sponsors: David & Rorra (00:16:46) Finger Ratios, Prenatal Testosterone, Gay & Straight Men/Women (00:23:57) Mice & Sex Differences, Androgens (00:26:54) Brain Differences & Sexual Orientation (00:33:52) Group vs Individual Differences, Height Analogy; Bisexuality (00:36:57) Brain Development, Hormones & Behavior; Brain Plasticity (00:42:52) Sponsor: AG1 (00:44:16) Sexual Behavior, Libido (00:51:37) Gay Rams, Brain Differences (00:58:00) Aversion Pathway, Men vs Women, Same-Sex Partner (01:06:58) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Intersex Phenotypes (01:13:55) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) (01:18:14) Sponsor: Function (01:19:25) Gay Men & Older Brothers, Maternal Immunization Hypothesis (01:32:55) CAH Carriers, Advantage, Stress Tolerance (01:35:41) Birds & Sexual Differentiation, Gynandromorphs (01:41:32) Anabolic Steroids, Hypersexuality; Adult Brain Plasticity (01:45:31) Age & Testosterone Decline; Sexual Orientation & Activities (01:53:14) Marc's Academic Journey, Ozarks, Luck (02:02:35) Exploration; Kids & Sex Differences (02:08:47) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how salt (sodium) affects mental and physical performance, as well as cellular health. I describe how the brain monitors sodium levels to regulate thirst and fluid balance, and why salt needs can vary depending on activity level, stress, blood pressure, and diet. I also explain how to determine the right sodium intake for your individual needs and discuss why some people may benefit from increasing salt and other electrolytes. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Salt (00:00:37) Brain & Monitoring Salt (00:02:33) Thirst, Osmotic Thirst & Salt (00:05:35) Hypovolemic Thirst & Blood Pressure (00:06:59) Sponsor: Function (00:08:39) Fluid Balance, Kidney & Urine Regulation (00:11:53) How Much Salt Do You Need?, Blood Pressure, Dizziness & Postural Syndromes (00:17:29) Replenish Salt for Performance, Tool: Galpin Equation & Exercise (00:19:15) Sponsor: LMNT (00:20:46) Stress & Craving Salt (00:22:29) Electrolytes: Magnesium & Potassium; Low Carbohydrate Diet (00:25:19) Salt & Sweet Taste, Sugar Cravings, Processed Foods (00:29:37) Finding Your Ideal Salt Intake, Tool: Unprocessed Food Diet (00:31:25) Sponsor: AG1 (00:32:50) Neurons, Salt & Action Potentials; Ingesting Too Much Water (00:34:51) Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Rhonda Patrick, PhD, is a biomedical scientist and public science educator. She shares the exercise, nutrition, supplementation and lifestyle practices linked to better health and lower disease risk including specific cardio and resistance training routines, when and why to do intermittent fasting, ways to lower visceral fat, omega-3 sourcing, creatine for brain and muscle and peptides such as BPC-157. It’s broad and thorough coverage of how to build a total health program tailored to your goals and individual biology. Read the show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Lingo: https://hellolingo.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Mateina: https://drinkmateina.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Rhonda Patrick (00:02:40) Competition, Jumping Rope, Rope Flow (00:06:49) Rhonda's Exercise Routine, Cardiovascular & Resistance Training (00:12:30) Cognitive & Physical Benefits of Exercise, Serotonin & Impulse Control (00:14:40) Sponsors: Our Place & Lingo (00:17:03) Phones While Training? (00:18:45) Rhonda's Strength Training, Low-Reps, Modifications, Mental Resilience (00:27:00) Daily Protein Intake, Intermittent Fasting, Processed Carbohydrates (00:33:32) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Gut Permeability, Gluten; Cardiovascular Health (00:42:58) Sponsor: AG1 (00:44:21) Tight Junctions, Gut, Neuroinflammation (00:47:26) L-glutamine, Immune System, Cancer Risk (00:54:55) N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Vitamin E; Antioxidant Balance, Reductive Stress (01:00:08) Starch, Tool: Bedtime Fast & Cardiovascular Health (01:03:36) Cortisol, Intermittent Fasting Benefits (01:08:09) Cortisol, Train Fasted?; Hormones, Visceral Fat (01:13:35) Visceral Fat, Perimenopause/Menopause, Insulin Resistance in Brain & Body (01:21:13) Sponsor: LMNT (01:22:33) Cortisol & Sleep (01:25:42) Intermittent Fasting, Metabolic Switch, Ketones, Muscle Loss? (01:36:47) Tools: Logic-Based Habits; Daily Metabolic Switch; Exercise, Autophagy (01:45:06) Exercise After Poor Sleep?; Training Breaks (01:52:47) Tool: "Exercise Snacks"; Sedentary Lifestyle & Cardiorespiratory Fitness (02:03:31) Sponsor: Function (02:05:16) Creatine, Dose, Resistance Training, Cognitive Function (02:17:43) Biology; Creatine; Supplement Safety (02:25:18) Omega-3s, Inflammation, Cancer Risk, Vitamin D; Trans Fat (02:36:52) Magnesium Threonate vs Bisglycinate, Sleep, Cognitive Benefit; Vitamin D (02:45:46) Supplement Types, Multivitamin, Coenzyme Q10, Urolithin A, Sulforaphane (02:55:10) Microplastics (02:57:26) Sponsor: Mateina (02:58:28) BPC-157, NMN, NR, Tool: Evaluating Supplements, Safety, Sources (03:06:28) L-Carnitine, Alpha-GPC, Nicotine, GABA & Ketogenic Diet (03:15:20) Nattokinase; Microplastics, Water Bottles; Seed Oils (03:22:21) Sauna, Creatine for Kids?, Bananas, Tool: Evaluating Studies (03:28:37) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices