The Birth Control Trials and Dr Helen Rodriguez Trias

The birth control pill revolutionized women’s independence in the US and so many places, but came at the cost of Puerto Rican women, who were experimented on without consent in the birth control trials of the 1950’s. One third of the island’s women were sterilized during these trials. And one woman stood out in the fight against this injustice, she was Dr Helen Rodriguez TriasIf you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity.This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now! https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Tr%C3%ADashttps://massivesci.com/articles/helen-rodriguez-trias-science-heroes/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1447119/https://web.archive.org/web/20031016140115/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_273.htmlhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1122157/https://archive.ph/qzv60https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/9/28/the-bitter-pill/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-puerto-rico-pill-trials/https://medium.com/the-lily/how-puerto-rican-women-were-used-to-test-the-birth-control-pill-7453a3b6ab73 https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/gregory-pincus-1903-1967/ https://womanisrational.uchicago.edu/2022/09/21/margaret-sanger-the-duality-of-a-ambitious-feminist-and-racist-eugenicist/ https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-dr-john-rock-1890-1984/ https://remezcla.com/culture/birth-control-testing-puerto-rico/ https://www.wbur.org/news/2023/05/24/oral-contraceptives-history-puerto-rico-testing-massachusetts-ethics https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/10/10029088/puerto-rico-sterilization-abortion-reproductive-rights-historyBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

For years, she was considered to be the only woman to have been legally hanged in the state of Texas, but today, this is not the case. And yes, she was Mexican. Her name was Josefa (Chipita) Rodriguez. Cristina tells Carmen about Chipita and then they do an update about El Salvador. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity.This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipita_Rodriguezhttps://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/rodriguez-josefa-chipitahttps://www.caller.com/story/news/columnists/2017/10/16/chipita-rodriguezs-unjust-hanging-haunts-texas/769883001/https://www.tshaonline.org/texas-day-by-day/entry/1035https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/san-patricio-txhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean-tohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Santanderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Revolutionhttps://www.southtexasnews.com/san_patricio_county/news/entertainment_and_society/chipita-s-ghost-lingers-on-in-san-patricio-on-156th-anniversary-of-hanging/article_82f2857c-0722-11ea-8bd4-13166f2a723d.htmlhttp://www.americancowboychronicles.com/2020/02/josefa-chipita-rodriguez-texas-bandit.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americashttps://beta.elfaro.net/el-salvador/hermanos-bukele-compran-tres-nuevas-propiedades-en-el-centro-historico-por-1-25-millonesBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Joe Arpaio was the Maricopa County Sheriff from 1993 to 2017. During his tenure, he enacted the worst racial profiling against Latinos, ruled over the county jails with abuse, misused funds, which led to numerous lawsuits, cost taxpayers millions of dollars and eventually led him to be convicted of criminal contempt of court. This is a behind the bastardos episode, Carmentells Cristina about her biggest opp and a true terror to the Latine community in AZ, Joe Arpaio.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity.This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Arpaiohttps://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arpaio-timeline-20170801-story.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150117161910/http://www.mcso.org/JailInformation/TentCity.aspx https://web.archive.org/web/20121023032303/http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/1997-09-18/news/human-plights/2/https://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/chain-gangs/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Seagalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Ferrigno https://www.investigativepost.org/2026/02/25/blind-refugee-abandoned-by-border-patrol-is-dead/ https://www.investigativepost.org/2026/02/26/timeline-burmese-refugees-arrest-to-death/ https://www.democracynow.org/2026/2/27/nurul_amin_shah_alam https://web.archive.org/web/20120505072757/http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/valleyfever/2011/12/sheriff_arpaio_oversaw_worst_r.php https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/348061-trump-pardons-arpaio/https://www.aclu.org/cases/ortega-melendres-et-al-v-arpaio-et-alBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

One of the largest school boycotts took place in NYC on Feb 3, 1964, almost half a million participated, calling for quality schools for Black and Latino students. It was called freedom day and despite being one of the largest civil rights protests of the 1960s, it has been left out of our history books.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgsourceshttps://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/nyc-school-children-boycott-school/https://nyccivilrightshistory.org/topics/boycotting-ny-schools/1964-boycotts/why-the-school-boycott/https://www.salon.com/2016/02/03/jim_crow_must_go_thousands_of_new_york_city_students_staged_a_one_day_boycott_to_protest_segregation_and_it_barely_made_the_history_books/https://www.gilderlehrman.org/ap-african-american-studies/unit-4/black-organizing-twentieth-century/boycott-cripples-city-schools-1964https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_school_boycotthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Galamison#Activismhttps://observer.com/2018/06/new-york-city-public-school-segregation/https://themetropole.blog/2017/11/29/the-new-york-times-and-the-movement-for-integrated-education-in-new-york-city/https://www.civilrightsteaching.org/resource/1964-nyc-school-boycotthttps://rethinkingschools.org/articles/the-largest-civil-rights-protest-you-ve-never-heard-of/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_New_York_City#World_War_II_and_The_Great_MigrationBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Now I Surrender radically recasts the story of how the West was “won.” In the contested borderlands between Mexico and the United States, a woman flees into the desert after a devastating raid on her dead husband’s ranch. A lieutenant colonel in service to the fledgling Republic, sent in pursuit of cattle rustlers, discovers he’s on the trail of a more dramatic abduction. Decades later, with political ambitions on the line, the American and Mexican militaries try to maneuver Geronimo, the most legendary of Apache warriors, into surrender. In our own day, a family travels through the region in search of a truer version of the past.Part epic, part alt-Western, Now I Surrender is Álvaro Enrigue’s most expansive and impassioned novel yet. It weaves past and present, myth and history into a searing elegy for a way of life that was an incarnation of true liberty—and an homage to the spark in us that still thrills to its memory.Preorder the book now, it releases March 3, 2026!Carmen and Cristina had the opportunity to read Now I Surrender by Alvaro Enrigue and talk with him about his new book. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Marcos Xiorro was an enslaved Black man who led an uprising against sugarcane plantation owners in 1821 Puerto Rico. Cristina tells Carmen about Marcos Xiorro and a brief history of slavery in PR. Then, they do Latin American news segment, with news about El Salvador, Chile and Costa Rica. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSources for this episode: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_Xiorrohttps://web.archive.org/web/20141228151319/http://slaverebellion.org/index.php?page=slave-resistances-in-latin-americahttps://guides.loc.gov/world-of-1898/abolition-slavery-puerto-ricohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbeanhttps://talkafricana.com/marcos-xiorro-the-african-slave-who-led-an-unsuccessful-revolt-in-puerto-rico-in-1821/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans#First_Africans_in_Puerto_Ricohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_settlement_of_Puerto_Rico#Landing_and_first_settlementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_GarridoSources for news segment:https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-chile-cecot-bukele-kast-3bbd44ff2c51ec0d54c8315e07e88cf0https://apnews.com/article/election-chile-kast-jara-boric-trump-05f915fd5eda909c13fd283f90f8d8e5https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/12/15/who-is-jose-antonio-kast-chiles-newly-elected-far-right-leaderhttps://www.c-span.org/clip/white-house-event/el-salvador-president-speaks-at-national-prayer-breakfast-about-crackdown-on-gangs/5191994https://english.elpais.com/international/2026-02-09/el-salvadors-attorney-general-freezes-a-moneylaundering-investigation-into-venezuelan-oil-funds-that-implicates-nayib-bukele.htmlBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Xica Manicongo was one of the first to be targeted by the Brazilian inquisition and a trans woman. At least, today she is seen as a trans woman. She’s also known as Franscisco or Fransisca . She was kidnaped from Congo in the 16th century and trafficked to Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now!  https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSources for this episode: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/slavery-brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionism_in_Brazil#Abolitionist_campaignhttps://library.brown.edu/create/fivecenturiesofchange/chapters/chapter-2/african-slavery/https://www.casaum.org/quem-foi-xica-manicongo-considerada-primeira-travesti-brasileira/https://biblioteca.fflch.usp.br/xicamanicongohttps://35.bienal.org.br/en/participante/xica-manicongo/https://capiremov.org/en/experience/xica-manicongo-transness-takes-the-floor/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MajorieBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

The 1950s were a time of turmoil all over Latin America, mostly because of the US. Let’s remember that during the 50's the US intervened all over Latin America; thus, it was no surprise when there were mass protests against Nixon when Eisenhower sent him on a goodwill tour of Latin America.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSubstack: https://substack.com/@historiasunknownHistorias Unknown is on YouTube now! https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bgSources for this episode: https://delanceyplace.com/view-archives.php?p=2098https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/theasa/theasa20/online_program_direct_link/view_paper/1647627/https://youtu.be/EHR1dBTJrRA?si=Y-QNXfQEd6lsC2UK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade#cite_note-pathe-2 https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/just-why-did-nixon-go-to-venezuela-in-1958-anywayhttps://www.politico.com/story/2014/05/vice-president-nixons-motorcade-attacked-in-venezuela-may-13-1958-106584 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/may-13/vice-president-nixon-is-attacked https://www.nytimes.com/1958/05/09/archives/nixon-is-stoned-by-peru-rioters-headed-by-reds-braves-student.html https://www.thefreelibrary.com/%22They+aren%27t+friendly%2C+Mr.+Vice+President%22%3A+the+Eisenhower...-a0315921747 https://www.berkshireeagle.com/nixon-riot-venezuela-1958/image_f781d32c-d211-11ec-a498-5310731e4f98.htmlBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

El linchamiento de Josefa tuvo lugar el 5 de julio de 1851 en Downieville, California, en el condado de Sierra. A lo largo de la historia, su nombre ha permanecido en el anonimato, se ha modificado o solo se ha mencionado su nombre de pila. Su nombre era Josefa Loaiza, pero con el tiempo se la conoció simplemente como Juanita. Fue la primera y única mujer mexicana linchada en California.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSourcesThe Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz MartinezUnspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

From June 3, 1943 to June 8, 1943, American servicemen attacked mostly Mexican American youth (but also Black and Filipino youth), identifying their victims by their outfit: the Zoot Suit. Hundreds were arrested, but probably not who you were thinking.In this epiosde, Cristina tells Carmen about this dark event in US history.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastBy joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagramFollow on social media:Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownSourcesZoot suit riots. (2002). In Infobase. Infobase. https://ezproxy.spl.org/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Faccess.infobase.com%2Fvideo%2F11960-zoot-suit-riots%3Faid%3D79331%26rak%3D1https://www.history.com/articles/zoot-suit-riotsMurder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race and Riot in Wartime LA by Eduardo Obregon PaganThe Woman in the Zoot Suit by Catherine S. RamirezThe Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation by Mauricio Mazohttps://www.latimes.com/california/list/zoot-suit-riot-timeline-sleepy-lagoon-murder-trialBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.