Ep 109: Part 2 - Resource Classification in Practice

With more than 35 years of industry experience, Bob Jankovic our Snowden Optiro Executive Consultant brings first-hand insights from both the mining and banking sides of the table - mining companies and the capital markets. Together, our General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Bob discuss the value investment banks add to project development, the skills technical professionals bring to finance, and how junior miners can attract the right kind of attention.  Whether you’re an executive, a consultant, or just curious about how major mining projects get funded, this episode has something for you. Key Moments 00:04 – Introduction and welcome 01:06 – What do investment banks actually do in mining? 02:58 – The technical expertise needed in investment banking 04:50 – The value investment banks bring to project development 06:30 – Equity vs. M&A: How banks support mining at different stages 08:00 – The link between technical confidence and funding success 09:04 – How junior miners can engage investment banks 10:35 – Do investors really understand mining? (Spoiler: Yes!) 12:00 – Lessons from working on both sides—operations and banking 13:15 – Final thoughts and why operational experience matters Enjoyed the episode? Don't forget to like, subscribe, and click the 🔔 notification bell to stay updated with more technical insights from the world of mining. If you would like to contact either Tarrant or Bob: contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro podcasts are available as audio on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Libsyn and all your favourite platforms - and also available as a video podcast on YouTube on our Snowden Optiro channel. Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ Training: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/ #MiningFinance #InvestmentBanking #MiningIndustry #FreshThinkingPodcast #SnowdenOptiro #JuniorMiners #MiningInsights #ProjectFunding #CapitalMarkets

In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, our General Manager Tarrant Elkington is joined by our Principal Consultant Matt Walker to explore what really goes into ASX announcements of Mineral Resource Estimates (MREs). They discuss the minimum reporting requirements under the JORC Code, the role of the Competent Person, and common red flags to watch for - such as unconstrained estimates, overuse of superlatives, and misleading imagery. Whether you're a geologist, mining professional, or investor, this episode offers practical insights into how MREs are prepared, reported, and interpreted - it will help you to... read between the lines! This podcast at a glance: 00:04 – Introduction and episode focus – MREs in ASX announcements 01:14 – Guest introduction: Matt Walker and his experience with MREs 01:47 – Minimum requirements for reporting an MRE under JORC Code 03:08 – ASX Listing Rules and mandatory disclosure elements 05:00 – Continuous disclosure and minimum vs best practice 06:23 – When and why MREs are announced 08:12 – Red flags and what geologists look for in MREs 10:10 – Peer comparisons, competent person styles, and report 'fingerprints' 11:00 – Internal vs external resource reporting 13:00 – Importance of resource constraint and economic extraction 15:05 – Reading resource classifications and visual representations 17:18 – Use of gram-metres and understanding deposit width 18:03 – Why classification matters – insights from the Parker Challenge 19:31 – Interpolation vs extrapolation in block models 21:00 – Classification confidence and converting to reserves 22:00 – Wrap-up and final thoughts If you would like to contact Tarrant or Matt: contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. This audio podcast is also available as a free YouTube podcast: https://youtu.be/mRu7ufdck78 Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at: https://snowdenoptiro.com Prodessional Development courses: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/

What do banks look for before funding a mining project? In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington is joined by our Executive Consultant Bob Jankovic to explore the technical side of mining finance. With over 35 years’ experience across North and South America, and deep expertise inside major banks, Bob offers a rare look behind the scenes of what lenders expect from feasibility studies, resource models, and risk assessments. Whether you're preparing to raise capital or just curious about the lending landscape, this is a must-listen for anyone involved in mine development. If you would like to contact Tarrant or Bob: contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. This video podcast is also available as a video podcast on YouTube: https://youtu.be/JfxD5z0QXZU?feature=shared Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at: https://snowdenoptiro.com Training: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professiona...

In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Senior Consultant Dr Gregory Zhang and Executive Consultant Ian Glacken explore more advanced mineral resource classification methods. Building on Part 1, they discuss the widely used 90/15 approach, delve into the role of scorecards, and discuss how classification should go beyond drill spacing alone. A practical conversation for geologists, resource modellers, and anyone involved in technical reporting.  This podcast at a glance:  00:45 – What is the 90/15 approach and how is it applied? 02:50 – Production volumes and how they link to confidence levels 05:00 – Why drill spacing alone isn't enough 06:50 – Conditional simulation and its role in classification 07:55 – Introduction to the scorecard method 10:50 – Strengths and subjectivity in the scorecard approach 11:45 – Real-world case study applying 90/15 and scorecards 13:00 – Final thoughts on classification beyond simple metrics If you would like to contact Ian and Gregory: [email protected] 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. This video version of this podcast is available on Snowden Optiro YouTube channel. Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at: https://snowdenoptiro.com Training: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professiona...  

In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Dr Tarrant Elkington Snowden Optiro's General Manager, speaks with Dr Leon Lorenzen about the critical role of metallurgical and processing due diligence in mining projects. They explore how process plants are evaluated, why throughput is often a hidden risk, and the challenges of forecasting performance in both operating and new mines. Whether you're reviewing an acquisition or building a new operation, this discussion provides valuable insight into identifying red flags and understanding the real-world complexity behind the numbers. This podcast at a glance: 00:20 – What due diligence really means in a processing context 01:30 – Using the process design baseline to evaluate plant performance 03:00 – Why high recoveries can be misleading without throughput context 04:50 – Common red flags: when ounces look good, but costs and feed rates don't 07:00 – The importance of test work and geological input in forecasting 09:30 – Case study: transition from open pit to underground and its impact on throughput 10:00 – Unique risks with new mines and the ramp-up phase 13:00 – Why expertise and independent evaluation are essential for sound investment decisions If you would like to contact Tarrant and Leon: [email protected] 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. This video podcast is also available as a free video podcast on Snowden Optiro's YouTube channel. Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more about Snowden Optiro: https://snowdenoptiro.com Professional Development Training: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/    

In this Fresh Thinking episode, we’re discussing one of mining’s toughest technical challenges: refractory gold ores. Dr Tarrant Elkington, Snowden Optiro General Manager sits down with metallurgical expert Dr Leon Lorenzen to explore why some gold refuses to come quietly, and the high-stakes processing paths needed to recover it. From pressure oxidation to bioleaching and ultrafine grinding, this episode uncovers the costs, complexities, and future of refractory ore treatment. If you're a geologist, metallurgist, or investor—this one's essential listening. This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Welcome & Introduction 00:45 – What is refractory gold? And why is it a problem? 02:30 – The role of geology and early detection 04:00 – How refractory ore impacts project economics 05:15 – Overview of processing methods: POX, BIOX, Albion, roasting 07:30 – How to choose the right processing path 09:00 – Real-world examples of refractory gold plants 11:00 – The future: centralised hubs and economic scale 12:30 – Final thoughts and advice for developers and investors If you'd like to connect with Tarrant and Leon: [email protected] This video podcast is also available as a video podcast on our Snowden Optiro YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@SnowdenOptiro 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ Professional Development courses: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/  #mineralprocessing #SnowdenOptiro #FreshThinking #gold #podcast

In Episode 106 of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultants Ian Glacken and Graeme Lyall discuss the practical realities of mineral resource classification. This episode explores current best practices and highlights the importance of combining data-driven methods with geological insight. Whether you're a junior or major, this conversation will help sharpen your classification strategy and confidence levels. This podcast at a glance: ⏱️ 00:15 – Why resource classification matters across global reporting codes ⏱️ 01:55 – Introduction to the 90-15 approach for confidence-based classification ⏱️ 04:00 – The dangers of the “spotted dog” effect and how to avoid it ⏱️ 05:21 – Calculating drill spacing the smart way: distance-to-holes technique ⏱️ 07:04 – Alternatives to drill spacing: kriging variance and its limitations ⏱️ 08:00 – Why close spacing doesn’t always mean high confidence ⏱️ 09:01 – The two-indicator approach: origins, application, and benefits ⏱️ 13:01 – Assumptions, limitations, and when to adjust the 90-15 rule ⏱️ 17:00 – When the two-indicator method doesn’t fit: deposit-style considerations ⏱️ 18:00 – What’s coming in Part 2: simulation and scorecard approaches If you would like to contact Ian and Graeme: [email protected] 🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking about the mining industry. This podcast is also available as a cideo on our Snowden Optiro YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/7CqcvRDi9Jw Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Find out more at https://snowdenoptiro.com Professional Development courses: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/ [email protected]  

In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken interviews Senior Mining Consultant Pedro Ladeira on a topic that’s often overlooked—but critically important: fixed costs in strategic mine planning.   This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Introduction: Why fixed costs matter in mine planning 01:00 – How variable costs are typically applied in mine plans 02:20 – What are conditional fixed costs and why they matter 03:50 – Impact of fixed costs on strategic planning and scheduling 05:10 – Reclaiming low-grade stockpiles and the role of fixed cost reduction 06:30 – Fixed vs variable costs in processing plants 07:45 – Stockpiling strategy and mine life optimisation 08:50 – When to start accounting for fixed costs in planning 09:30 – Final thoughts: Using fixed costs to optimise your NPV   This is a must-listen for anyone involved in mine planning, financial modelling, or operational strategy.   If you would like to contact Pedro or Ian: [email protected]   🔔 Subscribe for more Fresh Thinking on mining strategy, geology, and resource optimisation.   Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors.   We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves.   Find out more at https://snowdenoptiro.com https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/   #MinePlanning #MiningStrategy #FixedCosts #NPV #MiningPodcast #SnowdenOptiro #FreshThinking

In this episode of Snowden Optiro's Fresh Thinking podcast, host Pedro Ladeira (Senior Consultant) is joined by Hamish Guthrie (Managing Consultant, Mining Engineering) to explore the critical role of cut-off grades in mining. From defining what a cut-off grade is to explaining how it's applied across different operations and project stages, they discuss the strategic, economic, and technical factors that make this small number a big deal.   If you would like to contact either Hamish or Pedro: [email protected]   This Podcast at a Glance 🕒 0:21 – Why cut-off grade is a critical input in mine planning and production 🕒 0:51 – What a cut-off grade is and how it helps define economic inventory 🕒 1:56 – Differences in how cut-off grade is applied in open pit vs. underground mining 🕒 3:34 – How cut-off grades are used at different project stages: resources, planning, daily operations 🕒 4:18 – What goes into calculating a cut-off grade: revenue, cost, taxes, and recoveries 🕒 5:53 – Are cut-off grades fixed? When and why they change over time 🕒 7:00 – The importance of aligning cut-off grade strategy with orebody characteristics 🕒 8:13 – How mining method and processing route influence the cut-off grade 🕒 8:50 – Why cut-off grade is never static — and how operations review it regularly 🕒 9:29 – Final take: the cut-off grade as a key to both short-term gains and long-term sustainability   This video podcast is also available as a free video podcast on Snowden Optiro’s YouTube Channel.   Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors.   We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves.   https://snowdenoptiro.com https://snowdenoptiro.com/professiona...   [email protected]

Discover how Cornwall's rich mining history shaped the global mining industry. In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken chats with Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall about the legacy of Cornish mining. From tin and copper to tungsten, they explore the region’s innovations, the export of mining expertise worldwide, and what the future holds for mining in Cornwall. If you'd like to connect with Laurie Hassall and Ian Glacken, please email them: [email protected] This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Introduction to the episode and guests 00:48 – Why Cornwall became a mining hub and its early beginnings 01:50 – The peak of Cornish mining: key periods and metals 03:53 – Ingenious innovations from Cornish miners (steam engines, safety lamps & more) 05:54 – How Cornish mining practices spread worldwide 06:41 – The social and cultural impact of mining on Cornwall 07:29 – Tungsten’s role in Cornwall’s mining story and Laurie’s direct experience 08:39 – What’s next? The future outlook for mining in Cornwall 10:18 – Final thoughts and reflections This audio podcast is also available as a free video podcast on Snowden Optiro’s YouTube channel:  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZm0zjSNmpo27fX_tfI79Yzhxy3VXjvMt&feature=shared Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Snowden Optiro: https://snowdenoptiro.com Professional Development Courses: https://snowdenoptiro.com/professional-development/ [email protected]