Spanish Route

We will talk about the use and pronunciation of the letter R and the digraph rr. Also of the letter L and of the LL. And finally of the letter Y also called Greek i that is sometimes used to represent a sound or vowel phoneme and at other times it is used to represent a consonantal sound.

Spanish Route episode TEN. Your guided route to Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to SpanishRoute. The program, the podcast, to learn and improve your Spanish. My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer. And I speak to you from Spain.This is the tenth program, your tenth stage on your way to Spanish.Today we continue with the series of programs on the pronunciation and use of the letters of the Spanish alphabet. In the previous program we talked about the letters G and J, and in this program we will learn to use and differentiate the letters C, K, Z, S, X and also the digraphs Qu and Ch.The sounds or phonemes for which we are going to use these letters are: the phoneme / θ / (zzz), the phoneme / s / (ssss), the phoneme / k / and the phoneme / tʃ / (ch).But as always, I recommend you to follow the class through the transcription and the text you will find on my website: spanishroute.com, since we are focusing on the written form of Spanish. It is advisable to read the words to differentiate when each of these letters is used.On the web you can also expose your doubts and if you wish to book private sessions by Skype, to improve your pronunciation.Remember: spanishroute.com. And now, yes, let’s start with the class.As some of the letters we are talking about today can represent several different phonemes, let’s start by differentiating these phonemes and indicating when each letter should be used. And finally we will see how to pronounce the letter X in Spanish. pronunciation ce, z qu, k The phoneme / K / in Spanish The sound or phoneme / k / can be represented in Spanish written by the letters K, Q / q, and C. In words such as house (which is written with c-), kilo (which is written with k-) or cheese (which is written with q-). The letter k of the Spanish alphabet The letter K is always used in Spanish to represent the sound / k /. But the words with this letter are unusual in Spanish. It only appears in some words of Greek or foreign origin: It can be accompanied by any vowel: ka, ke, ki, ko, ku.kilo, Kilómetro, kamikace, vikingo  (kilo, kilometer, kamikaze, vikingo). The letter Q/q and the digraph Qu / qu in Spanish The letter Q/q of the Spanish alphabet is always used for this phoneme /k/, but only accompanying the vowel -e and the vowel -i. So it can only represent the sound –que- and the sound -qui-. In addition, the letter Q / q is always written accompanied by the silent vowel -u (without sound) forming the digraph Qu / qu: For example:Queso, quince, quinientos, alquilar, quemar, quieto. (Cheese, fifteen, five hundred, rent, burn, quiet). The letter C of the Spanish alphabet. When does it represent the phoneme / k /? The letter C of the Spanish alphabet is used to represent the sound / k / when it accompanies the vowel -a: Casa (house); to the vowel -o: Coche (car); and the vowel -u: Cuadrado (square). When the letter C is followed by the vowel -e or the vowel -i, it is read with another sound, with the sound / θ / (zzz), forming the syllables -ce, -ci. As discussed below.The letter C is also used to represent the sound / K / to end words: bloc, clic, bistec (bloc, click, steak).And when it is followed by the consonant -l and by the consonant -r:Clase, crisis, cruel, crema, cliente, cristal (Class, crisis, cruel, cream, customer, crystal). The phoneme / θ / (zzz) and the seseo in Spanish The sound or phoneme / θ / (zzz) can be represented in Spanish by the letters Z and C, but there are Spanish-speaking regions that do not have this phoneme and what they use instead is the phoneme / S / (sss). It is what is known as «seseo». Words like Zapato (Shoe) or Cereza (cherry). With «seseo» they are pronounced Zapato *, Cererza * (* Observe the pronunciation in the audio)The «seseo«, as we saw in chapter four of the podcast, is a particularity of the regional pronunciation of Spanish, admitted as correct. It occurs throughout Spanish-speaking America and in regions of Spain such as Andalusia and the Canary Islands. It consists of changing the phoneme / θ / (zzz) by the phoneme / S / (sss).It should not be confused with the words that are written with the letter S and that are also pronounced with the sound / S / (sss).This is complicated at first, since it can cause spelling errors when writing with S words that really should be written with C or with Z.Although both forms of pronunciation are correct, we recommend that Spanish students learn and practice pronunciation without «seseo» to avoid making mistakes in written Spanish. But if you speak frequently with native Spaniards who pronounce with «seseo» it is correct that you also speak with seseo and it is normal that their way of speaking is contagious.Therefore the phoneme / θ / (zzz) (or / S / (sss) when there is seseo), can be written with Z or with C as follows: The letter Z of the Spanish alphabet The letter Z of Spanish is always used to represent the phoneme / θ / (zzz) (or / S / (sss) when there is seseo) and can appear with any vowel: za, ze, zi, zo, zu, but the Z with the vowel -e and the Z with the vowel -i is very rarely used in Spanish.With the vowel -a: Zapato (Shoe), abrazar (hug). With seseo: Zapato, abrazar (* is written with z even if pronounced with s)With the vowel -e: zeta. With seseo: zeta (* is written with z although pronounced with s).With the vowel -i: zinc. With zinc seseo (* is written with z although pronounced with s).with the vowel -o: Zona, zorro, brazo (Zone, fox, arm). With seseo: Zona, zorro, brazo (Zone, fox, arm) (* is written with z although pronounced with s).With the vowel -u: juice, left-handed. With seseo: juice, lefty (* is written with z although pronounced with s).To end words: Pez, paz, feliz, (Fish, peace, happy). With seseo: Pez, paz, feliz, (fish, peace, happy) (* is written with z although pronounced with s).Remember that the syllables with ze and zi exist in Spanish but in words of infrequent use and, although the Z is pronounced with seseo, its writing must be with the letter Z and not with S. The letter C in Spanish for the phoneme / θ / (zzz) or / S / (sss) The letter C is used in Spanish to represent the phoneme / θ / (zzz) (or / S / (sss) (when there is seseo) if it is followed by the vowel -e and of the vowel -i. (Forming the syllables ce, ci) Examples:With the vowel -e: Cerdo, Cebra) (Pig, zebra). With seseo: Cerdo, cebra (Pig, zebra) (* is written with c even if pronounced with s).With the vowel -i: Cigarro, cien (Cigar, One hundred), with seseo Cigarro, cien (Cigar, one hundred). (* is written with c even if pronounced with s).Remember that although pronounced with seseo these words are written with C and not with S. The letter S of the Spanish alphabet and the «ceceo» (lisp) The letter S of the Spanish alphabet always reads with the sound / S / (ssss). There is only a regional variation in some areas of southern Spain, where this phoneme is replaced by the sound / θ / (zzz). Words like: Casa (House) you can hear it as a Casa (house) * (* is written with s although pronounced with z). Remember: The sound or phoneme / S / (sss) is written with the letter S, except in words pronounced with seseo and that must be written with C or with Z. And the sound or phoneme / θ / (zzz) can be written with Z with any vowel, or with C when accompanied by the vowel -e and the vowel -i (ce, ci). And it is written with S when it is caused by lisp (ceceo). Both «seseo» and «ceceo» (lisp) are identified with practice, listening to these regional varieties of the language. You do not have to learn them, just identify them when you hear them so you can understand them and not make mistakes in writing. It must also be taken into account that when seseo or lisp occurs, homophonies can be produced with words that are written with S. That is, words that are pronounced with seseo but that are written with C or with Z sound like words that are they write with S, but they have a different meaning. For example: The word zeta (the name of the letter) if pronounced with seseo sounds the same as the word seta, which is a mushroom. The word casa (house), if pronounced with lisp, sounds the same as caza (hunting), which means searching or chasing animals to kill them. Therefore, the meaning of the words pronounced with seseo o ceceo (lisp) must be deduced by the context of the sentence. How do you pronounce letter X in spanish? The letter X of the Spanish alphabet can also be used to represent different sounds or phonemes.As we saw in the previous chapter of the podcast, the letter X can be pronounced as the J/j (jota) (with the phoneme / j /) in place-names such as Mexico or Texas (which are written with X) or surnames such as Ximenez (which is also written with X) ).The letter X can also be pronounced as a / S / when it goes to the beginning of the word:Xilófono (Xylophone), Xenofobia (Xenophobia).But the most common is to pronounce the letter X as the sum of the phonemes / ks /. Words like: Taxi, Claxon, boxeo, nexo, examen (Taxi, horn, boxing, nexus, exam). But sometimes, for reasons of regional accents, an informal way of speaking or talking too fast the sound of the X may sound more like a / S /. The phoneme / t∫ / (ch) in Spanish After studying the different ways of writing the phonemes / θ / (zzz), / K / and / S / (ssss), and the pronunciation of the letter X, let’s now also see the use and pronunciation of the digraph / ch /.The letter H/h is almost always silent in Spanish. But when it goes along with the letter C it forms the digraph to represent the phoneme / tʃ / (che).with the vowel -a: charlar (chat)with the vowel -e: noche (night)with the vowel -i: chicle, chile (bubble gum, Chili or Chile)with the vowel -o: chocar, chorizo (crash, chorizo)with the vowel -u: lechuga, chulo (lettuce, cool or pimp) In summary… Very good. In this class we have raised the level of difficulty a little....

Spanish Route episode nine. Your guided route to Spanish Hello! How are you, Spanish student? Welcome to SpanishRoute. The program, the podcast, to learn and improve your Spanish.My name is Sergio and I speak to you from Spain. This is the ninth program, your ninth stage on your way to Spanish.Today, we continue with the series of programs abaut the Spanish alphabet. In the previous program we focus on the letters be (b), uve (v) and uve doble (w).Today we are going to focus on the letter jota(j) and ge (g). And the digraph formed by the letters gu.The letters ge and jota can be a source of confusion for Spanish students, but with these small instructions that I present here today, it will be much easier to differentiate them.I recommend you to follow the class through the transcript that you will find on my website, SpanishRoute.com, since we are focusing on the written form of Spanish and it is advisable to read the words to differentiate when using G and when using the J. On the web you will also have access to a very easy written test to practice and memorize the concepts we are talking about today.And now. Let's start with the class. The letter "jota" of Spanish The letter "jota" is always pronounced the same. It is a sound that is produced by the approach of the back of the tongue and the back of the palate. Scraping the throat. jjjj (/x/)It is used with the five vowels: Ja, je, ji, jo, ju. With the vowel a: Jamón (ham)With the vowel e: Jefe (boss)With the vowel i: Jirafa (giraffe)With the vowel o: Jota (jota)With the vowel u: Jueves (Thursday)  The letter j can also appear to end words: Reloj (clock) The letter g in Spanish The letter g can be pronounced basicly in two ways in Spanish. And for that, we divide them according to the vowels that they accompany. G pronunciation same as J The g with the vowel e and the g with the vowel i are pronounced the same as the j: with a strong sound from the throat. Ge / Gi. With the vowel e: Gente (People). With the vowel i: Girar (Rotate).My name, for example. It is written with g and pronounced with the sound equal to the j. Sergio.The reason for the use of j or g for the same sound has to do with etymological reasons and the way in which Spanish evolved from Latin and also by the incorporation into Spanish of words from other languages such as Arabic. Soft g sound The other sound for the letter g is /g/. Also with the throat but softer: Without scraping. And it can be: ga, gue, gui, go, gu.But, I said earlier that the g with the e and the g with the i are pronounced like the j. Therefore to write the words that are pronounced gue and gui, we use a vowel u between the g and the vowels e or i.For example: Guerra (War). Guerra is written: g-u-e-r-r-a. The u is silent, it is not pronounced. Guerra. Guitarra (guitar): Guitarra is spelled: G-u-i-t-a-r-r-a. The letter u is not pronounced, remember. Guitarra.Examples of words with the letter g and the rest of the vowels for this phoneme:With the vowel a: Gato (Cat).With the vowel o: Gota (Drop).With the vowel u: (gustar( (to Like or to love) The umlaut (diéresis) in Spanish But this can still be complicated a bit more.There are words in Spanish with the letter g that are pronounced güe and güi. How are these words written then? In the Spanish written to indicate that we must pronounce this letter, we use the umlaut (diéresis). Which are two horizontal points on the letter u of this syllable.For example: With the vowel e: Cigüeña (Stork), with the vowel i: Güisqui (Whisky). If we do not use the umlaut when reading these words we would say: cigueña or guisqui. and this is wrong. if we do not put neither the umlaut nor the u read: cigeña or gisqui. And that is also wrong. The letter g with the consonants l and r in Spanish: Gr / Gl In addition to the syllables formed by the letter g plus a vowel, the letter g can be accompanied by the consonants L/l and R/r, forming different syllables with each vowel. With the L/l: gla, gle, gli, glo, glu. And with the R/r: gra, gre, gri, gro, gru.Examples of words with gr: Grande (large), gris (gray), grueso (coarse).examples of words with gl: Globos (Balloons), arreglar (to fix, to arrange). Pronunciation of the letter X/x as the J/j Finally, we are going to talk about the phoneme jjj but that is written with the letter X/x.This is found in the toponym of Mexico and Texas. They are written with X but they are pronounced as if it were a J.The same thing happens in other place names of pre-Columbian America, such as Oaxaca and in some Spanish surnames such as Ximenez. They are written with X but is pronounced like the j.Listen to the audio from the top! Review about the pronunciation of the g and the j in Spanish Let's review: the j with any vowel is always the same: ja, je, ji, jo, ju.With the vowel a: Jabalí (boar)With the vowel e: viaje (trip)With the vowel i: jinete (jockey)With the vowel o: rojo (red)With the vowel u: juicio (judgment)With the letter g: we pronounce: ga, gue, gui, go, gu, but to write gue and gui we must add a mute u after the letter g.With the vowel e: Hamburguesa (hamburger): With a mute u interspersed between the g and the eWith the vowel i: Guía (guide), águila (eagle). Also with a mute uinterspersed between the g and the i.Already without the u, with the vowel or: Golpe (knock, shock), abrigo (coat).And with the vowel u: Gusto (taste), alguno (some).The letter g with the vowel e and the letter g with the vowel i are pronounced the same as the j when they do not have that muted u in the middle: General (general), gigante (giant).And when we want to pronounce that u between the g and the vowel e and between the g and the vowel i we use the umlaut (diéresis): Vergüenza (shame), pingüino (penguin).The set of letters g plus u is called a digraph: as we said in the previous episode. Other digraphs in Spanish are the double R (rr), the c plus the h (ch), the double L (or elle) (ll), and the q plus the u (qu). Orthographic rules of the g and the ja in written Spanish There are some words that when you hear them you will not know if they should write with g or j. This can happen when you hear words with the syllable ge / je or the syllable gi / ji.The orthographic rules to know when to write with g or j are very broad and have many exceptions. This is also a difficulty for native Spanish speakers. Keep in mind that these rules are necessary to learn written Spanish and not so much for spoken Spanish. To master these rules you must practice them little by little and especially read a lot in Spanish.Next, I will explain these orthographic rules of written Spanish for the letters g and j. This is for students of Spanish at an intermediate or advanced level. You will listen to a more advanced vocabulary. Do not worry if you're still not at this level. Follow me as far as you can.It is written with g after the syllable -al- and the consonants n or r:Words like: Álgebra (Algebra), álgido (algid), ángel (angel), anginas (anginas), evangelio (gospel), margen (margin), emerger (emerge), surgir (arise).There are exceptions to this rule. They are written with j: Monje (monk), extranjero (foreigner), aljibe (cistern), canjear (exchange).The words that contain the syllable -gen- are usually written with g: General (general), generación (generation), genial (great).There are also exceptions. They are written with j: Ajeno (alien), berengena (eggplant), jengibre (ginger). The word jengibre is written first with j (jen) and the second with g (gi): jengibre.The words that contain the syllable -geo- are written with g: Geografia (geography), apogeo(apogee), geólogo (geologist).Words that start with legi- or gest- are also written with g: Gestión (management), legítimo (legitimate), legible (legible), legión (legion).There is an exception to this rule. The word lejia (lye). Lejía is written with j.They are written with g the conjugation of verbs that end in -ger and -gir. Whose infinitive is also written with g: From the verb recoger (to collect) is said nosotros recogemos (we collect), (in the present) or nosotros recogimos (we collected) (in the past). From the verb dirigir (to direct) is said, for example, ellos dirigen (they direct) (in the present), or ellos dirigieron (they directed) (past).The exceptions to this rule are the conjugation of the verbs tejer (to knit) and crujir (creak). That are written with j. The infinitives of these verbs are also written with jota. Tejer, crujir. Are written with g the words that contain the groups of letters -igi -, - age- or agi-: Página (page), exigir (demand),  rígido (rigid), , frágil (fragile), contagio (contagion).As an exception to this rule we have the verb forms of irregular verbs whose infinitive has neither g nor j. For example, from the verb decir (to say), that the infinitive has neither g nor j, there is the conjugation: Yo dije (I said) or nosotros dijimos (we said) (in the past). These verbal forms are written with jota.Are written with g, also, the words that end in -gía, -ginal, -gico, Words like: Alergia (allergy), energía (energy), marginal (marginal), original (original), lógico (logical), biológico (biological), nostálgico (nostalgic).There are exceptions to this rule. Is written with jota: lejía (lye) (which we mentioned earlier) or bujía (spark plug), , herejía, (heresy), paradójico (paradoxical).The words ending in -gio, -gion, -gional, -gionario or -gioso are also written with g. For example: Colegio (college), religión (religion), región (region), regional (regional), legionario (legionary), contagioso (contagious). Many of these words are derived from others that are also written with g according to the gifts we saw earlier. as a legionario (legionary), which derives from legión (legion). Contagioso (Contagious), which derives from contagio (contagion).Are written with g also the words ending in -geno and -gero: Óxigeno (oxygen),...

Spanish Route episode EIGHT your guided tour to  Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to SpanishRoute. The program, the podcast, to learn Spanish the easy and fun way. My name is Sergio and I speak from Spain. This is the eighth program, your eighth stage on your way to Spanish. Today we will talk about the the Spanish alphabet and focus on the letters be (B / b), UVE (V / v) and uve doble (W / w). Their different names, their pronunciation and words with different meanings and are spelled differently but pronounced the same. But first, as always, I want to remind you that on my website, spanishroute.com you can follow the written transcription of this audio.  And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com And now. Let's start with the class. Before focusing on the pronunciation of the letters be (B / b) and EUV (V / v) I'm going to pronounce the complete Spanish alphabet. In later programs we will focus on the pronunciation of other letters that can submit questions for students of Spanish. As the C/c and Z/z, the G/g and J/j, or the I/i and Y/y. The alphabet in Spanish The alphabet (alfabeto y abecedario: these two words are synonymous) is currently made according to the official grammar of the Spanish language by 27 letters. 5 vowels and 22 consonants. 5 digraphs are also recognized: they are sequences of two letters representing one sound. This is how the alphabet sounds in Spanish: A / a, B / b, C / c, D / d, E / E, F / f, G / g, H / h, I / i, J / j, K / k, L / L, M / m, N / n n / N, O / o, P / P, Q / q, R, r, s / s, T / T, U / u, v / v, w / w, X / x, Y / y, Z / z The five vowels appear in this alphabet are: A / A, E / e, I / i, O / o, u / u The five digraphs are: the letters c + h, the double L (ll), double R (rr), the letter q + vowel u, and letter g + vowel u . We also discuss these digraphs on these programs. And today we will talk about the letters be (be), vee (uve), double vee (uve doble) in Spanish. The letters be (B/b)  and uve (V/v) in Spanish: Names and pronunciation Letters be and vee may pose a little difficulty for those starting to study Spanish. The letter be (B / b)  is the second letter of the Spanish alphabet and has its origin in the letter of the Greek alphabet beta. In America it is also known as be alta o be larga (high be, or be long). Vee letter (V / V) is the twenty - third letter of the Spanish alphabet and has its origin in the letter Upsilon Greek alphabet. From which also derive the vowel u and the letter (Y/y), also known as "i griega" (Greek i). Other names for V are: uve baja, uve corta o uve chica. "Chica" in this case is synonymous with small. Not to be confused with the guy or female person young age (girl). Although both letters can be used different names the current rules of the Spanish language recommended to always use the names "be" and "uve". The letters B and V currently represent the same phoneme in Spanish. The bilabial sound / b / The stocks of two different letters for the same phonemes is due to the Latin origin of language. Since, at the beginning and until the Middle Ages these two letters did represent different phonemes. But little by little these differences were lost. Sometimes you can hear a Spanish speaker pronounce vee with labial dental / f / phoneme. Instead of "viento" (wind) you can hear "/ f / iento.  But this is due to pronunciation or regional accent of Spanish. The right thing at present is to pronounce the sound / b / bilabial phoneme: Viento (Wind). The phoneme / b /. In words that are written to (B/b) as words that are written with V/ve you may have a different intensity or loudness depending on the position of the phoneme in the phrase or word. For example: usually a sound / b / stronger when the phoneme is the beginning of a word or after the letters "m" and "n". Hombre, bien, viento, vaso, invierno, bote (Man, Good, wind, glass, winter, boat). The phoneme / b / is usually pronounced weaker when positioned between vowels or consonants after they are neither " m" and " n" . Debil, suave, cerveza, caveza (weak, soft, beer, head). Do you notice the difference? Do not worry. Nor it is very important this differentiation. Homophones words with B/b and V/v in Spanish. In Spanish there are words with the same pronunciation but different meaning and writing. With letters B/b and V/v there many. For example: Baca / Vaca (roof rack / caw) Baca with B: site on top of the cars where luggage is placed. Vaca with V: horned animal that produces milk. Female bull. Barón, Varón (Baron / male). Baron with B:  a peerage. Varón with V:  person male. Bello / Vello (Beautiful / hair) Bello con B: synonymous with beautifu Vello with V: synonymous with hair. Rebelar / Revelar (to rebel / to reveal) Rebelar whith B: sublevar or disobey (to rebel). Revelar with V : discovering something hidden (secret, for example) or make visible the image of a photographic film. Botar / Votar (throw / vote) Botar whith B: throw, throw or cast out. Vote with V: means making a vote or approval by vote. To write these words that are pronounced the same must differentiate by context. If you want to practice reading and writing of such words in Spanish I propose a written test that you can find on my website accompanying the entry of this chapter in the podcast. Also you can find in the section Quiz the web. The double vee (W / w) in Spanish. Double vee is the name of the twenty - fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet. In Latin America, this letter you may also call:  doble uve, ve doble, doble ve y doble u. But the Royal Academy of the Spanish language proposed uve doble, as a unique name for this letter. In Spanish the double vee (W / w) is very rare. Only it appears in words of foreign origin. Mainly German, English and Oriental languages. It can be pronounced in several different ways. You can pronounce the double Vee as the vowel U. In words like: Twist, Newton. But the most common is to pronounce it as consonant plus the vowel u- forming -gu when forming diphthong with another vowel. Wifi, web, HAWAII, Waterpolo, taiwan. In proper names and their derivatives of Visigoth and German origin the double vee is pronounced as a / b / wagner, wolfram, Wenceslao, vagneriano. Some foreign words originally had the double vee letter (W / w), eventually his writing was adapted to the Spanish phonetics. So, the word váter (toilet), with vee, which means toilet or bathroom, originates from the English word water (agua in Spanish). Váter in Spanish is written with v:  Váter. Vatio: Is the power unit with symbol double vee uppercase (W). It is written with vee in Spanish and derives from the English word Watt: Vatio. the word whiskey, the distilled beverage of Scottish origin,  at present it is written with g and u with dieresis (gü) (Umlaut sign). The spelling: Güisqui: G-Ü-I-S-Q-U-I Dieresis or umlaut sign is two horizontal points on a vowel to indicate that it must be pronounced... because sometimes in Spanish, there are silent vowels after certain consonants. As the case of u after the letter g. In this case, the word güisqui has a umlaut in u to indicate that it must be pronounced. In the next program we will talk in depth about the umlaut in Spanish and the pronunciation of the letters G / g and J / j. Up to here the program today. Remember that on my website, www.SpanishRoute.com, you can find the transcription and English translation of this class. And you can make your questions and suggestions. And if you want to practice your pronunciation book a session via Skype me. Thank you very much for listening, for subscribing, by positive and "likes" ratings and see you in the next program. Next stage of your guided route to Spanish. Goodbye!Book your free session Spanish Route episodio OCHO  tu ruta guiada al español. Buenos días, buenas tardes o buenas noches. Bienvenido o bienvenida a SpanishRoute el programa, el podcast, para aprender español de la manera más fácil y divertida. Yo me llamo Sergio y te hablo desde España. Este es el Octavo programa, tu octava etapa en tu camino al español. Hoy vamos a hablar del alfabeto o abecedario del español y nos centraremos en las letras be(B/b), uve ( V/v) y uve doble (W/w). De sus diferentes nombres, su pronunciación, y de palabras con un significado diferente y que se escriben diferente pero se pronuncian igual. Pero antes, como siempre, quiero recordarte que en mi página web spanishroute.com puedes seguir la transcripción escrita de este audio. Y si quieres mejorar tu pronunciación puedo ayudarte a practicar tu español con sesiones de conversación por Skype. Recuerda SpanishRoute.com Y ahora sí. Empecemos con la clase. Antes de centrarnos en la pronunciación de las letras be (B/b) y uve (V/v) voy a pronunciar el abecedario o alfabeto de español completo. En programas posteriores nos centraremos en la pronunciación de otras letras que pueden presentar dudas para los estudiantes de español. Como la ce (C/c) y la ceta (Z/z), la ge (G/g) y la jota (J/j) o la i (I/i) (o i latina) y la ye (Y/y) (o y griega). El alfabeto en español El alfabeto o abecedario (estas dos palabras son sinónimas) está formado en la actualidad según la gramática oficial de la lengua española por 27 letras. 5 vocales y 22 consonantes. También se reconocen 5 dígrafos: que son secuencias de dos letras que representan un solo sonido. Así suena el abecedario en español: A/a, B/b, C/c, D/d, E/e, F/f, G/g, H/h, I/i, J/j, K/k, L/l, M/m, N/n Ñ/ñ, O/o, P/p, Q/q, R,r, S/s, T/t, U/u, V/v, W/w, X/x, Y/y, Z/z Las cinco vocales que aparecen en este alfabeto son: A/a, E/e, I/i, O/o, U/u Los cinco dígrafos son: las letras c+h,...

Translation to Engl​ish Spanish Route episode SEVEN. Your guided tour to Spanish Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. I'm Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. And as you know if you've heard earlier chapters I speak from Galicia in northern Spain. This is the seventh program, your seventh stage on your way to Spanish. Today let's talk about the Camino de Santiago (the way of Saint James). I'll tell you a little about what is the way of Santiago and practice the basic vocabulary you need to know if you want to come to Spain to perform this pilgrimage route. If you want to do the Way of Saint James (Camino de Santiago) I recommend you look further information on the internet, also in your language, because in this program will just basic approach. We can go deeper on the "Camino de Santiago in upcoming programs. And if you have any questions you can write to [email protected]. But first of all, as always, I would also like to remind you that you have the transcription and translation into English of this class on my website spanishroute.com.  And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype sessions or other online video conference program.   And now. Let's start with the class The Way of St. James to learn Spanish ​Visiting Spain to do the "Camino de Santiago" is a good idea for many reasons.. It's also a good excuse to practice your Spanish. While on the road you will find many foreign pilgrims are mostly Spanish. You can also talk to the inhabitants of towns and cities and with hostels workers and volunteers. I have done the "Camino de Santiago" twice. And I've met foreign pilgrims who knew nothing of Spanish and is fun to teach vocabulary for "El Camino". Okay, if you've never heard of the Camino de Santiago I'll explain briefly. The Camino de Santiago is a Christian pilgrimage route that from the 10th century crosses Europe to the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Where, supposedly, the Apostle James is buried.  The city of Santiago de Compostela is in Galicia. A Spanish region of northwestern Spain. Its cathedral is Romanesque but has later additions. Its main facade (in the Plaza del Obradoiro) is baroque. Of the eighteenth century. The Camino de Santiago has many possible routes and today are marked with "flechas amarillas" (yellow arrows) and with other signals such as the drawing of the "concha de vieira" (scallop shell) . You know what that means "flechas amarillas" and "concha de vieira"? Very good. Mainly, the Camino de Santiago is on foot (andanddo, a pie) or by bicycle. The verb "andar" (to walk) has another synonym that is "caminar". Which it originates at the root of the word "camino" (way). In fact the first person present indicative of the verb walk is "yo camino" (I walk). Like the noun: "el camino" (the way). The rest of the conjugation of the verb "caminar" (to walk) in the present indicative is:  Tú caminas. El, ella o usted camina. Nosotros/as caminamos. Vosotros/as camináis. Ellos/as (o ustedes) caminan. (You walk. He, she walk. , We walk. You walk. They walk). The verb "andar" in the present indicative is: Yo ando. Tú andas, El, ella o usted anda. Nosotros/as andamos. Vosotros/as andáis. Ellos/as o ustedes andan. To say that you travel by bicycle or that you go by bicycle it is said: "montar en bicicleta" (to ride a bicycle). Yo monto en bicicleta (I ride a bike). The sport of riding a bicycle is "el ciclismo" (cycling). ​You can also do the Camino de Santiago "montado a caballo" (on horseback, by horse) but today there are very few pilgrims who do the Camino by horse. As you can see, to indicate that you are riding a bicycle or riding a horse, we use the verb "montar" (to ride) in Spanish. montar en bicicleta, montar a caballo (to ride a bike, to ride a horse). It is also used for motorcycle. Yo monto en moto (I ride a motorbike). "Moto" is short for "motocicleta" (motorcycle). Me gusta montar en moto (I like to ride a motorcycle). From the noun "peregrino" (pilgrim), we have words derived from the same root ... we have the verb "peregrinar" (pilgrimage) , and other substantive as "peregrinación" or "peregrinage",  which are synonymous and mean action and effect of "peregrinar". Where does the "Camino de Santiago" start? The Way of Saint James can start anywhere. In fact, in ancient times, each pilgrim began his way from the door of his house. Today there are many routes signposted as "Camino de Santiago". But the most famous is "El Camino Francés" (the French way). That from France, enters Spain by Roncesvalles, in the Pyrenees, and for almost 900 km crossing the Iberian Peninsula through the regions of Navarra, Castilla y Leon and Galicia. El Camino Francés (The French way) is the most frequented by pilgrims from around the world, especially in the summer months. But there are other routes well known as El Camino del Norte" (the Northern Way), which from Irun (also almost 900 km) on the border of the Basque Country with France, runs along the north coast of Spain. El Primitivo (El Camino Primitivo) (The Primitive) starts in Oviedo (capital of Asturias) and crosses the mountainous interior of Asturias and Galicia in about 320 km. El Camino Portugues (The way Portuguese) is also well known and starts in Portugal. Porto is a common departure point on this route and crosses the neighboring country from South to North. Each pilgrim can start your way at the point of the route choice, depending on the available days for walking and schedule where you want to reach Compostela. There are also many pilgrims on the road sections. And every year on vacation for a few days run through several stages of the chosen route. In the Camino de Santiago there are many albergues (hostels) to sleep. They are Hostels with bunk beds only for pilgrims. The word "hostel" is also beginning to be used in Spain, but it is a word of English origin which must be translated by "albergue". The word "hostel" can also be translated by hostal" (in Spanish)l, but in Spain "los hostales" are usually single or double rooms and "albergues" have bunk beds for more guests. ​But not required to sleep in "albergues". There are many pilgrims who sleep in "Hoteles, hostales o pensiones". These are the three most common words in Spanish to designate establishments where you can host a traveler. The "Hoteles" (hotels) are larger and more expensive. The "hostales y pensiones" (inns or guest houses) are lesser establishments and also lower price. The word "hostal" or "pensión" may be considered synonymous since there are few differences between these two types of accommodation.    As for the hostels on the road to Santiago, there are public and private ones. Publics are usually cheaper and are managed by local councils or associations. Some only charge (ask for) a donation for maintenance. To be able to sleep in a "albergue público" (public hostel) and in some private only for pilgrims need to have the "Credencial del Peregrino" (credential of the pilgrim), which is a document such as a passport with your information, you should go stamping (sellando, sellar, sello) every day for each town and hostel you go. Useful question: ¿Dónde está el albergue? (Where is the hostel?) This credential with all seals also allow you to apply the "Compostela" which is the diploma that accredits you've done the Camino de Santiago. This diploma is given to those pilgrims who have traveled more than 100 km on foot or over 200 km bike. Is requested at the end of the road at Pilgrim Office is in Santiago de Compostela. The Camino de Santiago is a Christian pilgrimage route, but, today, many pilgrims walk the route for tourist, cultural or sporting reasons and not so much by a religious feeling. But the Camino de Santiago always tries to pass near the most representative Christian churches and draws the attention of art lovers and religious architecture. Different names for Christian churches in Spanish. The cathedrals are larger churches. There are in cities where a bishop resides. Chapels, are the smallest churches. It is also called the minor altars chapels in cathedrals or churches. Hermitages are very small chapels and temples at the foot of the road or in very small populations. Words with similar meanings: On the way you walk by santiago by trails in the forest and from plantations where crops do not run motor vehicles. Sometimes if you walk on roads little busy especially in the entrances and exits of towns and cities. Usually it is a route through the rural areas of the Spanish geography. Where the natural landscape has its main value. The Camino de Santiago is a very safe route. Just usually no problems or incidents. In hostels there is usually no thefts but be a little careful with belongings . Especially in the largest hostels in the cities. The volunteer staff or worker hostels will help you in everything you need. Also if you have foot injuries. When you have an accident or are seriously ill you have to go to hospital. I want to go to hospital. Where is the hospital? In the Middle Ages pilgrims' hostels hospitals were called, hence the word derives hospitalero , which is in charge of a hostel. And the words hospitality and hospitable . Other words like inn, hostel accommodation and also have the same origin. Feet and footwear The foot is one of the most important parts of the body for pilgrims. They are walking many hours and kilometers. Try not carry much weight in the backpack . Do not carry tent if you go to sleep in shelters and cooking utensils. With a sleeping bag is enough. You know what the sleeping bag ? And tent ? Very good. Choose a good shoe . Footwear ... What shoes? Shoes, sneakers, boots, tennis ... they are names for different types of footwear. The sneakers are also known in Spain with the word tennis ,...

https://open.spotify.com/episode/6htxNUwqNwXfY4uKwIHxks?si=b242bee2113b4d77 Spanish Route episode SEIS your guided tour to  Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. My name is Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast where every week you hear me speaking in Spanish about my language and my culture and practice your ear and your understanding of Spanish. I remind you that on my website  SpanishRoute.com can read the transcript and English translation of this class while listening to the audio. Here you can also contact me to answer your questions. And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com  Very good! Today is the sixth program, the sixth stage on your way to Spanish. I will summarize what we discussed in the first five chapters if you have not heard yet, they may be of interest. In Chapter 1 , we have learned to introduce ourselves and say hello : ¡Hola! ¡buenos días! Me llamo Sergio y soy de España (Hi good morning, my name is Sergio and I am from Spain). We also spoke of the cardinal points in Spanish, demonym and other expressions and phrases such as "por favor" (please), "disculpa" (sorry), "gracias" (thanks you)... In Chapter 2 we talked about the gender of nouns in Spanish and the difference between "bien" (well) and "bueno" (good). In Chapter 3 we treat personal subject pronouns, especially the use of "Tú" and "usted"(you)  and the conjugation of verbs "ser" and "estar" (to be). In Chapter 4 we talk about regional differences in Spanish : phonetic differences, specific vocabulary, "voseo" and the use of "ustedes" . In Chapter 5 we try specific vocabulary often used in internet and computer , such as la arroba (at @), almohadilla (hash #) or barra inclinada (/ slash) . Very good. You know you have the list of all the chapters of the podcast on my website spanishroute.com/the-podcast with transcription and translation into English. Today we will talk about "el tiempo (the time and the weather) in Spanish. The word "tiempo" has multiple uses and meanings in Spanish. Today we will focus on two of them. "Tiempo" as a way to measure the sequence of events (time) and "tiempo" as atmospheric state or climate of a region at a particular time (weather). "El Tiempo" (The time) allows us to organize events and setting a sequence of events past, present and future. To measure it we use units of time. "El segundo" (the second), "el minuto" (the minute) or "la hora" (the hour). Also other major as "el día" (the day), "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year). To measure time we use "el reloj" (the clock) and "el calendario" (the calendar). We use the clock (el reloj) to know the moment of the day we are in. La hora y el minuto (The hour and minute). But to measure the time we can also use "el cronómetro" (the chronometer) that serves to measure how long a specific event lasts, such as a race. There are many types of clock. There are "reloj de pulsera" (watches) , which are what we in the arm. There are "reloj de pared" (wall clocks), which are hanging on the wall inside the house and we also have a clock on the mobile. -Yo hace mucho tiempo que no tengo reloj de pulsera porque utilizo siempre el reloj del móvil. (I have not had a wristwatch for a long time because I always use the mobile phone clock). "Las horas" (the hours) can be written in the format of 12 or 24 hours. When we use the twelve-hour format in written language we can use the abbreviation AM or PM to indicate whether it is morning or evening. But when we speak in Spanish as usual, it is to use the 12-hour format and add if it is "por la mañana" (morning), "por la tarde" (afternoon), "por la noche" (evening) or "de madrugada" (early morning). For example. I can say: Hoy llegué a las once (today I arrived at eleven). If I say nothing else is understood that I arrived at 11:00 "de la mañana"  or 11:00 PM. To indicate that arrived at 23:00 or 11:00 PM I should say: Hoy llegué a las once de la noche (today I arrived at 11 pm). We use the term "de madrugada" (early morning) to indicate the hours from twelve o'clock until sunrise, more or less. I can say:  Esta noche me desperté a las cuatro de la madrugada (tonight I woke up at four in the morning). In the hours from noon to sunset, we accompanied the hours with the words "de la tarde" (evening) . Llegué a casa a las cinco de la tarde. (I arrived home at five in the afternoon). "El mediodía es a las doce en punto" (Noon is at twelve o'clock). Although sometimes we can talk about twelve o'clock in the morning and you could even hear saying "una del mediodía" (one o'clock in the noon) instead of "una de la tarde" (one o'clock in the afternoon).​ To mark the hours we use the numbers from 1 to 12. They are: Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once y doce. (One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve). "La hora" or "las horas" (The hours), is a feminine word, as we saw in chapter two of the podcast , and therefore bears the feminine article "la" or "las" . When we refer to a specific hour also we used the feminine article "la" or  "las" una, dos, tres ... etc. "La una" is the only hour that has feminine form and is different from the number. The number is "uno" (masculine), the hour is "una" (feminine). The remaining hours are said as the number but with the feminine plural article "Las". Like asking "the time" in Spanish. To ask the time of day when we meet, we "preguntamos la hora" or "pedimos la hora". The right question is: "¿Qué hora es?" (What time is it?). We do not say: "¿Qué tiempo es?" No, that's not right. But to be a little more polite to a stranger, for example, we can say: Perdona, ¿puedes decirme la hora? (Excuse me, can you tell me the time?) Or with the "usted": Perdone, ¿puede usted decirme la hora?, por favor. (Excuse me, can you tell me the time ?, please). A informal way we can also use the expression: "¿Tienes hora?" (Do you have time?) When we want to specify a particular time, without passing minute, we use the term "en punto" (o'clock) . As we have said before: "Son las doce en punto" (it's twelve o'clock),  which means they are twelve zero zero or twelve and zero minutes. When we tell time with his minutes, we can use the corresponding number of minutes: - Son las tres y diez (3:10) - Son las ocho y cuarenta (8:40) When someone asks us the time and we tell them we do not have to specify if it is in the morning, in the afternoon or at night, because the other person is supposed to know at the time of the day we are in. We usually specify the time of day accompanying the time past or future events. - El concierto empezará a las diez de la noche (10:00 pm).  When they spend fifteen (15) minutes of the hour, we say that "son y cuarto" :   "Son las tres y cuarto" (it's three and a quarter) , is the same as saying "son las tres y quince minutos" (it's three and 15 minutes) . It is said "y cuarto", because the hours, which last 60 minutes, are divided into four quarters of fifteen (15) minutes each. when passing "treinta"  (thirty) (30) minutes of time, we say  "son y media" ;  "Son las tres y media" (it's half past three). Is the same as saying "son las tres y treinta minutos" (it's three thirty minutes). When it is less than thirty (30) minutes for the next hour also we say the next hour less minutes remaining: So at 12:50 we say: "Es la una menos diez" (It is ten minutes to one)". Because there are ten minutes until one. At 12:45 we say: "Es la una menos cuarto" (It is a quarter to one) . because a quarter of an hour for a foul. The calendar in Spanish "El calendario"  (The calendar) used to know the time of year when we meet, or to indicate past or future events. Are "las fechas" (the dates). In Spanish we write dates pointing first "el día" (day) , then "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year) end.  Hoy es lunes, 18 de junio de 2018 (Today is Monday, June 18, 2018). Normally we use "calendarios de un año" (one year calendars) when they are on paper. But in digital calendars we can have calendars with many years. The calendar is divided into 12 months, and every month in weeks and days. The names of the days of the week and months of the year in Spanish In Spanish the days of the week are: Lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado y domingo. (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday). In Spain, the first day of the week is Monday. And Saturday and Sunday we call "fin de semana" (weekend). The names of the 12 months of the year are: Enero, febrero marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre y diciembre (January, February March, April, May, June, July , August, September, October, November and December). The weather in Spanish The other use of the word "tiempo" we want to talk on the agenda today is the weather, or climate of a place at a particular time. The word "clima" (climate) refers to the meteorological characteristics of a region because of its geographical situation. For example: El clima que predomina en España es el mediterráneo templado, lo cual propicia veranos secos e inviernos con temperaturas equilibradas. (​The climate  prevailing in Spain is the temperate Mediterranean, which favors dry summers and winters with balanced temperatures). And "tiempo" refers to the weather situation at a particular time.  - El tiempo de hoy en en Santiago de Compostela es lluvioso. (Today's weather in Santiago de Compostela is rainy). Frequent expressions to talk about the weather in Spanish - ¿Qué tiempo hace hoy? (How is the weather today?)  - Hoy hace buen tiempo, hace sol,...

Translation to Engl​ish Spanish Route episode FIVE. Your guided route to Spanish Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to SpanishRoute. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish the easy and fun way. My name is Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. How are you going to study Spanish? Are you practicing every day? Very good! Today is the fifth program, the fifth stage on your way to Spanish and will talk about the vocabulary of computer and Internet (Spanish Internet Vocabulary).  But first, as always, I want to remind you that on my website spanishroute.com have the transcription and translation into English of this class. Also, from SpanishRoute.com/contact, you can write with doubts and questions to resolve in the program.  And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com. And now. Let 's start with the class. Spanish Internet Vocabulary Because the Internet is a very modern technology, many of the words we use come from English. Why is this language which was used for the first time. They are therefore Anglicisms. But as we saw in the previous chapter the use of Anglicisms still uses and geographic customs. The word Internet is often used without an article but also can be used with both male and female article. "El Internet" or "La Internet". The word "online": how do you say in Spanish? The word online is translated into Spanish by "en línea" when we perform any task connected to the Internet. But the English form online is also very common among those who speak Spanish. Another word is widely used in Internet mail or email. Spanish is commonly used in the English form but the right thing is to use the Spanish translation: "correo" or "correo electrónico". For example: I can say you: Mi dirección de correo electrónico es: [email protected] As you can hear, the email address we have a new word that is "arroba". The "arroba" is a letter or rather a symbol of ancient origin that was recovered in the Internet age for use in email addresses. It is written between the user name and the domain name, server or provider mail account. In English "arroba" is said "at".  The "arroba" symbol @ in Spanish The "arroba" symbol is a letter "a" locked in an open circle. In Spanish the word "arroba" also means old unit weight and volume variable value according to regional differences. When we say an e-mail also added the word "punto", as in the domains or URLs to add the termination of domain or mail account provider. "Punto" is the punctuation mark that ended with sentences and paragraphs in Spanish. English "dot" is said. URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) in Spanish On the Internet there are also the addresses of web pages or web sites. Also known URLs acronym, which stands for the English words in Spanish means Localizador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Locator), so the acronym should be LUR, but still use the orignial English acronym URL). You can also listen to the English form website, but the right thing is to use the Spanish translation "sitio web" or "página web". Urls usually start with three double-ues. (WWW). Followed by a dot (punto), and the domain name. After another dot and finally a extenson or termination, which can be com, net, es, etc. Double-u letter (Uve doble) in Spanish can be called in several ways depending on the geographical origin of the speaker. In Spain it is usually called "Uve doble" and Latin America is often called "doble u" or "doble ve" seen since in those countries the letter "uve" (v) also called "ve baja".  We will review the names of the letters of the alphabet in Spanish in upcoming programs. Since there are more letters that can be difficult for students of Spanish. Therefore the urls with the structure of the three double-ues, the domain name and extension are usually "pagina de inicio del sitio web"  (home pages of a website). What in English is known as the Home. You can also hear talk of "home" to a Spanish speaker to refer to the homepage of a website. Bar, hyphens and underscore in Spanish For other pages of a website URL uses the sign / ("barra" or "barra inclinada"). In English slash or forward slash, to add content to the web address after the extension. When the content between bars of a URL is made up of more than one word they are usually separated by "guiones" (Hyphens in English) not to be confused with "la raya" or "gión largo" (that English is Dash). "El guión" is also on the keyboard minus (or subtraction in math). "La arroba" we saw earlier is not only used for email addresses. Currently also they used to indicate usernames on Social Media. User names on social media are written with the @ followed by the username. No spaces or other intermediate signs. Social Networks in Spanish The two main social networks I use are Twitter and Facebook. The names of social networks are not translated into Spanish but if your pronunciation vary by geographic region of the speaker. The name of my facebook page is www.facebook.com/spanishroute and my username on Facebook is @spanishroute. On Twitter (in case you want to follow) my username is @spanish_route ¿"guión bajo"? What does "gión bajo" mean? You're wondering ... "El guión bajo" is the sign that English is called underscore. It is a horizontal line at the base of the writing line. Unlike the hyphen that goes in the midline of the accompanying letters. The underscore was formerly used in typewriters for underlined. Currently, it is used in internet and computer to separate words that programming needs can not be separated. Although the names of social networks are not translated into Spanish if new words have emerged due to its use.  In Spanish there is "tuitear" verb (which already recognizes dictionary Spanish) and means "to communicate via tweets" or "send something through a tweet." "El tuit" or "los tuits" are messages that are written to twitter. There is also the word "tuiteo", which is the action or effect of "tuitear". How to write these new words have been adapted to Spanish phonetics and writing. It is not used, therefore, neither W nor the two T Twitter name.  "Tuitear" is written with the following letters: T-U-I-T-E-A-R On Twitter and other social networks we use the sign # (almohadilla) which in English is hash, to introduce hashtags. Which has no translation into Spanish. It could be translated by "etiqueta" (tag) and therefore this English word is used although it does not exist in the Spanish dictionary. More vocabulary computer and internet in Spanish (Spanish Internet Vocabulary) When using social networks like Facebook or Twitter, we have a "usuario" (user) and a "perfil" (profile). "El usuario" is the name we give to know on the internet and "el perfil" is the information you give to know on the internet and other users can see you. There is also "el muro" that English is said wall or timeline, which is the activity of other users and pages that follow in this social network. When writing an email we can attach documents (images, pdfs, and audio). We can send mail just write or forward to someone else via e-mail just received. Both in our email and on our computer we have "carpetas" (folder, in English) where we store documents. One of them, which is called "papelera" (trash, in English) is where we want to remove documents or documents trash. Software help us perform many tasks on the computer. On the mobile phone, these programs are called (applications) or apps (with two P, as in English) Cloud, upload, download ... in Spanish Although currently many tasks can be done "en linea"(online) even save your documents in "la nube". "Nube" is called "claud" in English. And when we keep something in the cloud, we use the verb "subir" (to rise, to upload), or the verb "colgar" (to hang). On the contrary, we use "bajar" o "descargar" (to download), when we retrieve a document from the cloud. For example, I can say: “Acabo de subir el pdf a mi cuenta de google drive. Te mando el enlace por correo electrónico para que lo puedas descargar” "I just uploaded the pdf to my Google drive. I send the email link so you can download ". In this phrase I use the word "enlace" instead of the "link" English form.  When using internet, we "navegamos" surf the Internet, the program to connect to the Internet is "el navegador" (the browser), such as Explorer, Chrome or Firefox. The text box where you enter the URL or website address you want to visit is called "barra de navegación" (the navigation bar). The browser tabs (pestañas del navegador") open to have more than one webpage open. How "pestaña" is said in English? "Pestaña", in English "pestaña" is tab. In Spanish "pestaña" is the same word we use to name long hairs we have on eye lids.  "La ventana" (window in English) is each of the programs or folders that are open on our computer. Same browser can be opened more than once in different windows and each window to have more than one tab open. You understand, right? Sometimes we want to update or refresh a page to reload. The button where we will click ("clicar" what means to click or to enter) is an open circle with an arrow on one end. Many new words have hispanicized literally translating the English word. It is what happens to "refrescar"translated to refresh. Types of computers in Spanish In Spanish it is called "ordenador" to computer we use to connect to the Internet, but it can also be called "computador". When it is smaller and easily transportable called "portatil" also "ordenador portatil". In some Latin American countries often use the English form laptop.  Smaller and touchscreen are "tabletas" or tablets. English tablet form is often used both in Spain and Latin America....

Translation to Engl​ish Spanish Route episode FOUR. Your guided tour to Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish the easy and fun way. I'm Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. And I speak from Galicia in northern Spain. This is the fourth program, fourth stage on your way to Spanish. Today we will talk about geographical differences of Spanish spoken and you have to keep in mind if you're traveling to a Spanish speaking country. But before and I always want to remind you that on my website SpanishRoute.com have the transcript and English translation of this class. Also, from SpanishRoute.com/contact , you can write with doubts and questions to resolve in the program. And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions at a very low price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com . And now. Let 's start with the class. Differences between the Spanish of Spain and Latin American Spanish Spanish differences because of its geographical situation applies not only between Spain and Latin America but there are also differences between regions within the same country. For example, there phonetics and intonation between north and south differences here in Spain and is also very particular accent of the Canary Islands. The fact that there are regional differences in language does not mean you need to learn them all, but it's good to have a general idea. Some words or regional expressions are admitted as correct use in Spanish and appear in the dictionary, but others are considered slang or foreign words and do not appear in the Spanish dictionary. If you learn to speak a common neutral or Spanish, as we speak here, you can be understood by any Spanish speaker from anywhere on the planet. The hardest thing is that you understand when someone speaks to you with a very marked or using typical vocabulary your region or country accent. So if you're wanting to travel to a particular place in Spain or Latin America, you should investigate some kind of accent or specific vocabulary used there. In general, geographical differences oral Spanish can be grouped into the following characteristics: Accent and intonation Each country or region has a different accent or intonation, this feature of Spanish spoken can hinder your understanding if the other person also speaks too fast. Phonetic differences Related stress and intonation is the different pronunciation of some letters or deletion or substitution of phonemes. This feature already difficult a little more understanding, and it may also cause more mistakes when writing in Spanish, because it tends to write like you talk committed. For example, in Spain we pronounce the letter "z" as English th (θ). It is the same phoneme that when "c" goes before the vowels "e" or "i". For example: "Zapato", "ceniza". As in Latin America and parts of Spain this phoneme sounds more like a "s" but you can not write with "s": sapato, Senisa. It is what is known as "seseo". Concrete vocabulary There are also different words for the same purpose: for example "coche" (car) (in Spain) "carro" or "auto" in Latin America. In Spain we say "ordenador" (computer) Latinomaérica say computador. Móvil (mobile phone) say in Spain, celular say in Latin America. Another example: The word "dinero". The word "dinero" is common to all Spanish-speaking countries but in Argentina they say "plata" (silver), in Mexico they call "lana" (wool). And the money, influence of English also called "cash" or "money". Although these last words do not appear in the dictionary and are Anglicisms. We will include, therefore, this section all Anglicisms as "cash" or "money": they are words of English origin who join the Spanish, sometimes with some variation that can be both pronunciation and writing. In Spanish there are many words that have their origin in the English language, such as "futbol" (football), CD, or the previous example of "mony" and "cash" but this influence of English is not homogeneous. Words of English origin that if used in all Spanish-speaking countries such as futoboll and others that are only used in a country or region. This is because there are more influenced by the English geographic areas because of their geographical proximity and incorporate more vocabulary to their speech, such as Spanish in Mexico. Words like "Jeans" in Spain they say "pantalones baqueros". Also within this group of specific vocabulary we can include many colloquialisms. And here the variety is immense, because each region has its own.  Voseo Voseo occurs in several Latin American countries and is very typical of Argentina and Urugay. Is to replace the pronoun "tú" o "usted" by "vos" and also changing the verb conjugation to a particular form. Thus the way of saying "tú eres" an Argentine is "vos sos". Another example. With the verb have. Instead of saying "tú tienes," the Argentine said ... "Vos tenés". The use of "ustedes" As we saw in the previous chapter on the personal pronouns and the difference between "tú"and "usted" and "vosotros" and "ustedes" note that "usted" and "ustedes" use more formal and polite manner. While "tú" and "vosotros" for more informal situations. This is correct, but in Latin America is hardly used the plural "vosotros". Almost always used "ustedes", with the verb also in the third person plural, even for informal use. In Spain we say: "Vosotros viajáis mucho" In Latin America they say: "Ustedes viajan mucho" As you see the variety of Spanish is very large and you may find yourself in situations where you do not understand very well what you are hearing. It is very difficult to learn all geographic variants of Spanish so I recommend that you clear your goals in learning this language. If you are interested or curious about the use of Spanish in any country or region in particular, because you will soon go on a trip, for example, you can ask me through my website and I'll try to help you. Phrases that can help you Now I'll tell you about some phrases you can learn to use when you do not understand very well somebody: You can use the words "por favor", before or after the following phrases: - ¿Puedes hablar más despacio?  ("Can you talk slower?") - ¿Puede (usted) hablar más despacio? "(Can you speak more slowly?") You know what this phrase means? Do you understand the difference between the two variants? Very good. You can also ask them to explain something to the next question, which you have to add the word you do not understand. For example: - ¿Qué significa____________?  (What does __________ mean ?) - ¿Qúe es ______________?  (What is ______________?) Another useful question is: - ¿Puedes repetir? (You can repeat it?) - ¿Puede (usted) repetir? (You  can repeat it? And finally you can find someone else and ask ... - ¿Hablas inglés? (Do you speak English?) - ¿Habla (usted) inglés? (Do you speak English?) In today's program I propose a very easy exercise. You have to search through the Internet (eg YouTube videos) five words or expressions typical of a country or region that speaks Spanish. They may be all the same place or different places each. If you want you can focus on the country you'd like to visit or who are planning a trip. You can write it in three columns: the first column write the word or local expression in the second generic or common expression in Spanish and in the third the translation into English or your language. As in the following example: LOCALSPANISH COMMONYOUR LANGUAGEPlata (Argentina)moneymoneyLana (Mexico)moneymoney If you want you can send me the exercise by email to the following address: [email protected] and discuss the program. And now end up with class today ... What do you think? Are you thinking of traveling to a Spanish speaking country? Are you afraid not well understand the language? Do not worry. Spanish is really fun and I'm sure you will have great on your trip. Remember that you can find on my website spanishRoute.com for your queries and ask your questions. And if you want to practice your pronunciation you can book a Skype session with me. Thank you very much for listening, for subscribing, by positive and "like" ratings and see you at the next show, the next stage of your guided tour to Spanish. Bye! BOOK YOUR SESSION ON SKYPE Spanish version: Transcription (in Spanish) Spanish Route episodio CUATRO  tu ruta guiada al español. Buenos días, buenas tardes o buenas noches. Bienvenido a Spanish Route. El programa, el podcast para aprender español de la manera más fácil y divertida. Yo soy Sergio y soy tu entrenador personal de español. Y te hablo desde Galicia en el norte de España. Este es ya el cuarto programa, cuarta etapa en tu camino al español. Hoy vamos a hablar de las diferencias geográficas del español hablado y lo que tienes que tener en cuenta si vas a viajar a algún país de habla hispana. Pero antes como siempre quiero recordarte que en mi página web SpanishRoute.com tienes la trascripción y traducción al inglés de este clase. También, desde SpanishRoute.com/contact, puedes escribirme con dudas y preguntas que resolveremos en el programa. Y si quieres mejorar tu pronunciación puedo ayudarte a practicar tu español con sesiones de conversación por Skype a un precio muy reducido.   Recuerda SpanishRoute.com. Y ahora sí. Empecemos con la clase. Diferencias entre el español de españa y el español de Latinoamerica Las diferencias del español por su situación geográfica no solo se aplica entre España y Latinoamérica sino que también existen diferencias entre regiones dentro de un mismo país. Por ejemplo, aquí en España existen diferencias fonéticas y de entonación entre el norte y el sur y también es muy particular el acento de las islas Canar

Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way. In case you still do not know me, I'm Sergio and I'm your personal Spanish trainer. And this is already the third program, third stage on your way to Spanish. Today we are going to continue with a little more grammar. I will explain the subject's personal pronouns, especially the difference between "Tú"and "usted"; and between "vosotros" and "ustedes". Then we will treat the conjugation of the verbs "ser" and "estar", which in other languages use a single verb for their different uses but Spanish uses two verbs.  But first I want to remind you that on my website: SpanishRoute.com, you have the transcription and translation into English of this class and a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today. Also, from spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program.  And if you want to improve your pronunciation I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions at a very reduced price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com And now Let's start with the class. Subject's personal pronouns They are the pronouns with which we conjugate the verbs. They replace the name or noun that forms the subject of the phrase. In Spanish, subject personal pronouns are: Yo (I), tú (you), él (he), ella (she), usted (you), nosotros, nosotras (we), vosotros, vosotras (you), ellos, ellas (them) ustedes (you).   For example: Juan habla español (Juan speaks Spanish) . I can replace the subject " Juan " with the pronoun "él": Él habla español ( He speaks Spanish). Los chicos hablan español (The boys speak Spanish). I can replace the subject "los chicos" (the boys)  with the pronoun "ellos" (them): Ellos hablan español (They speak Spanish). As we saw the personal pronouns are the words that accompany the verb and allow us to know what or who we are talking about. They represent the grammatical person. In Spanish there are three grammatical persons of the singular and their corresponding persons of the plural. and Some have a feminine form. But not all. We will continue with the example of the verb "hablar" (to speak). "Hablar español" (speak Spanish). For the first person of the singular we use "Yo"(I).   It refers to the person who speaks.   Yo hablo español (I speak Spanish) In the plural: Nosotros for the masculine and nosotras for the feminine( we). It refers to the group to which the person speaking belongs. Nosotros hablamos español / Nosotras hablamos español (We speak Spanish / We speak Spanish). The feminine form is used when the whole group belongs to the female sex. If in the group there are people of both sexes, the masculine form can be used in a general way, it is what is called "generic masculine", as we saw in the previous class, remember? The same happens for the rest of the cases in which there are masculine and feminine personal pronouns. The second person of the singular: Tú (You). It refers to the person to whom the speaker is speaking. Tú hablas español. (You speak Spanish) The second person in the plural is vosotros for the masculine, vosotras for the feminine (you). It refers to the group to which the speaker is speaking. Vosotros habláis español / Vosotras habláis español (You speak Spanish / Vosotras you speak Spanish). The third person of the singular is: Él, ella y usted (He, she and you) (Él, masculine / ella feminine). Él and ella refer to a person who is neither the speaker nor the listener. It is neither first person nor second person. Él habla español / Ella habla español (He speaks Spanish / She speaks Spanish) And what happens to "usted"? Usted (you) are grammatically a third person pronoun that is why it is used with the verb in the third person, but semantically it is used to refer to the second person, that is, to refer to the listener, the person with whom we are speaking. It is used as a more courteous way, showing respect or distancing. It is for a more formal use, while for normal or informal use we will use the second person pronoun  "Tú". Usted (You speak Spanish). There are no different ways for masculine and feminine. Examples of the use of "usted" can be when we address a police officer, a judge, our boss, or an older person and when we want to be extremely polite and formal. The plurals of the third person are: Ellos (m), ellas (f) y ustedes (They and you). Ellos hablan español / ellas hablan español (They speak Spanish). Ustedes hablan español (You speak Spanish). It is necessary to know what these pronouns are because we will use them continuously in the examples, but you have to know that in many occasions in normal conversations of Spanish, this subject pronoun is usually omitted, since in the conjugation of the verb the person is already implied grammatical to which we are referring. For example, I can say: En España hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish). In the conjugation of the verb "hablar" (to speak), we see that it is in the first person of the plural. Therefore, the subject pronoun "nosotros" (we) does not have to appear . The two sentences are correct. Both... En España nosotros hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish) and,,, En España hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish). Verb Ser y Estar Now that we have clear the different personal pronouns for the subject we will conjugate the verbs "ser y estar" (to be) and to be and we will treat their different uses. Remember: Yo soy tu entrenador personal de español y yo estoy muy feliz de hablar contigo          (I am your personal Spanish trainer and I am very happy to talk to you). Can you see the differences between "ser" and "estar" in this phrase? Yo soy tu entrenador personal de español y yo estoy muy feliz de hablar contigo          (I am your personal Spanish trainer and I am very happy to talk to you). The conjugation of the verb "Ser" (to be) The verb "ser" (to be) is an irregular verb. This means that its conjugation is a bit more difficult than regular verbs, since it does not follow any rule to change its form according to grammatical persons. The conjugation of the verb to be in the indicative present is: Yo soy (I am)Tú ere (You are)Él / Ella / Usted es (He / She is  / You are Nosotros / Nosotras somos (We are)Vosotros / Vosotras sois (You are)Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes son (They / You are The conjugation of the verb "Estar" The verb "estar" (to be) is regular. It means that its conjugation is done using the root of the infinite " estar, " that is est-, with the corresponding ending to each grammatical person. These endings are common for regular verbs (which we will see in upcoming programs, do not worry). In this way, the conjugation of the verb estar is the following: Yo estoy (I am)Tú estás (You are)Él / Ella / Usted está (He / She is  / You are Nosotros / Nosotras estamos (We are)Vosotros / Vosotras estáis (You are)Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes están (They / You are Do you see the difference between a regular and an irregular verb? Very good and... When do we use the verb "Ser" and when do we use the verb "estar"? Well, as a general rule we use the verb "ser" (to be) to describe, point or talk about the permanent or unalterable qualities of people or things. Of its characteristics that never change. And we use the verb "estar" (to be) to talk about temporal states or characteristics of people and things that can change over time.  But as always there are also exceptions. We see it better with examples. The verb "ser" is used to indicate permanent states:   > We use it to indicate the nationality or place of origin of the persons: Yo soy español, soy de España (I'm spanish. I am from Spain) Ella es francesa, es de Francia (She is French. He's from France). > It can also be used to indicate the name of a person. As you know, it is usually said:  Me llamo Sergio (My name is Sergio). But I can also say ... Soy Sergio (I'm Sergio). El se llama Juan, su nombre es Juan (His name is Juan,  he is Juan). > In professions: Yo soy profesor (I am a teacher), Ella es profesora (she is a teacher).  Remember that the verb does not change depending on the gender of the subject. It is said: Él es profesor (he is a teacher) , ella es profesora  (she is a teacher).  > To indicate religion or political ideas: Yo soy católico (I am Catholic), Ellos son ecologistas (they are ecologists). > To describe things in relation to their shape, size and material. Characteristics that do not change, for example:  La mesa es cuadrada (The table are square) El elefante es grande (The elephant is big) La camisa es de seda (The shirt is silk) > The verb ser is also used to indicate possession and relationships between people: Tú eres mi amigo (You are my friend) Juan es mi hermano (Juan is my brother). El libro es de María (The book is of Maria) > To indicate dates and times and periods of time: Hoy es lunes (Today is Monday) Son las tres de la tarde (It's three o'clock). Es de noche (It's night)  Es verano (It's summer). In this last example, you might think that dates and times change over time and you should use the verb "estar" but in Spanish the verb "ser" is used to indicate periods of time. Although there is also an exception: You can use the verb "estar" in the first person plural plus a preposition to talk about the passage of time in relation to us: For example. We can say: Estamos en verano (We are in summer) , instead of "es verano". Estamos a lunes (We are on Monday) , instead of "es lunes". The verb "estar" is used as we said before to indicate temporal characteristics or that can change over time. ...

/ Spanish Route episode TWO your guided route to  Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way. My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer. This is the second program, second stage on your way to Spanish. And it will also be very easy. Today I will deal with the subject of the genders of the names or nouns in Spanish, which is a characteristic of the languages ​​of Latin origin. I will also explain, as I said in the previous class, the differences between "bueno" and "bien" and between "malo" and "mal" . That can be a bit confusing for those who start learning Spanish. But first I want to remind you that on my web page  spanishroute.com  you have the transcription and translation into English of this class. And a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today. Also, from  spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program. And if you want to access Skype conversation sessions with me at a very low price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com And now Let's start with the class... Genre of the nouns in Spanish Today we are going to talk about the genre of nouns. In Spanish, the names and nouns have a gender. These words are masculine or feminine, whether referring to people or animals (with male or female sex) or referring to objects and concepts without biological sex. This characteristic of the language is due to its Latin origin and it shares it with other languages ​​that derive from Latin like French or Italian. El niño / la niña (The boy / The girl) " El niño " is a masculine noun. "La niña" is a feminine noun.  El perro / la perra (The dog / The bitch)  "El perro" is masculine noun and  "la perra" is the feminine noun. El león / la leona (The lion / The lioness) "El león" is masculine. " la leona" is the feminine one. They are names of things and concepts without sex words like: El libro, la casa, el amor, la amistad (The book, the house, love, friendship). The word libro ("el libro") is masculine, although it does not have sex. The same goes for "la casa" (feminine word), "el amor" (masculine noun), "la amistad"  (feminine noun). Therefore, the names of people and animals can change according to sex, but the names of things and concepts that are not animals or people never change. Gender concordance When a name or noun is accompanied by an article and an adjective these have to be used in the same genre as the noun. It is what is known as "concordance ". This is the reason for the existence of certain articles " El" and "La" and the indeterminate  "un"  and "una"  and the variations of the adjectives for the case that describe masculine or feminine nouns. El coche rojo / Un coche rojo (The red car / a red car)  La casa blanca / una casa blanca (The white house / a white house) Differences between masculine and feminine gender Generally, the names ending in -o are masculine and the names ending in -a are feminine. For example: Masculine:  El piano, el mundo, el camino, el perro, el gato (The piano, the world, the road, the dog, the cat) They are feminine: La casa, la playa, la montaña, la silla, la mesa (The house, the beach, the mountain, the chair, the table) As you can see in the examples, we have two articles, "EL" to accompany masculine names and "LA" to accompany feminine names. There are masculine words ending in -a , therefore, they must be accompanied by the masculine article El , for example: El día, el planeta, el mapa, el idioma (the day, the planet, the map, the language). There are also feminine words ending in -o (but they are very few):   La mano, la moto (The hand, the motorbike). which is actually the abbreviation of motorcycle (feminine noun ending in -a , la motocicleta (the motorcycle). The reason that there are masculine words ending in -a is due to the evolution of Spanish from Latin. These words were masculine but did not end in  -a , as they evolved into Spanish they conserved the masculine gender but their ending changed. For example: Día (Day) derives from the Latin Díes (masculine) and in Spanish evolved to día (day), conserving the sort but changing the termination. The word feminine mano (hand) comes from the Latin manus . when evolving into Spanish the ending " -us" was transformed into "-o" but it conserved the feminine gender. This is why there are no specific rules to know if a word is masculine or feminine, for it would be necessary to go to the study of Latin and also of Greek, or even Arabic, from which many words of Spanish derive. The only thing we can point out are general rules and exceptions that we must learn from practice. They are also masculine: The names related to geography: the names of rivers, seas, mountains... El Everest, el Mediterraneo, el Amazonas (The Everest, the Mediterranean, the Amazon) Months and days of the week: El lunes (Monday), el (pasado) diciembre (the (past) December. The cardinal points (as we saw in the last episode):  El norte, el sur, el este...(The north, the south, the east ...) The numbers: El uno, el dos, el tres, el cuatro... (the one, the two, the three, the four...) the colors: El azul (blue), el rojo (red) They are feminine: The letters: La A, la B (be), la C(ce), la R(erre),   The abbreviations of feminine words (as we saw before): La moto (the motorbike) la motocicleta (the motorcycle) ,  la foto (the picture) la fotografía (the picture and photography). In Spanish there are words that can be masculine or feminine with a totally different meaning in each case: El cura (The priest), who is a priest. Or La cura (the cure),  which is synonymous with healing or treatment. La cabeza (The head), which is the upper part of the human body. Or El cabeza (the head) , which is the leader. El capital (The capital): Amount of money or economic goods. La capital (The capital): Main city of a country. Nouns that end in a consonant or in other vowels that are not "-a" or "-o" can be masculine or feminine. They are masculine: El taxi, el coche, el café, el té, el televisor, el violín, el ordenador, (the taxi, the car, the coffee, the tea, the television, the violin, the computer) They are feminine nouns: La nube, la leche, la ciudad, la señal, la sal (the cloud, the milk, the city, the sign, the salt). As I said earlier, all names or nouns have a gender. But we must differentiate the names of objects or concepts without sex that are always fixed as "the book, the house, love, friendship." Of the names and nouns that refer to animals and people, which may vary according to sex: I will now focus on the latter. Nouns such as: el perro, la perra; el niño, la niña; el león, la leona (the dog, the bitch; the boy, the girl, the lion, the lioness). They change depending on the biological sex that is reversed. Also in professions such as: El medico, la medica (the doctor), el profesor (the teacher) There are some general rules to know how to form the feminine of a masculine noun for the gender of people and animals.  In general, if the masculine name ends in -o the feminine name ends in -a. El niño / la niña; el perro / la perra; el médico / la médica (the boy / the girl; the dog / the bitch; the doctor) El alumno / la alumna; el camarero / la camarera (the student; the waiter / the waitress) ​There are masculine names that do not end in -or form their feminine by adding an -a Señor / Señora (Mr. / Mrs); el doctor / la doctora (the doctor); el león / la leona (the lion / the lioness); el juez / la jueza (the judge) Or replace the last letter with an -a: El jefe / la jefa (the boss) Other nouns form the feminine with endings such as:  -ina, -ena, -isa or -iz El rey / la reina (The King / the Queen) ; el héroe / la heroina (the hero / the heroine) ; el príncipe / la princesa (the prince / the princess) ; el conde / la condesa (the count / the countess). El poeta /la poetisa (the poet /the poetess). Although in this case you can also say "la poeta" to refer to women who write poetry. El sacerdote / la sacerdotisa (The priest / priestess); el actor / la actriz (the actor / actress); el emperador / la emperatriz (the emperor / the empress). Common gender There are nouns that end in -o are used for both male and female: El modelo / la modelo (The model); el soldado (the soldier); el testigo / la testigo (the witness. Therefore, they can be accompanied by the feminine article as well as the masculine article according to the case. There are other words that do not end in -o are also used for both genders. For example: el periodista / la periodista (the journalist); el estudiante / la estudiante ( The student); el psiquiatra / la psiquiatra (the psychiatrist); el paciente / la paciente (the patient); el gerente / la gerente (the manager). These nouns are called common gender. The same word with the corresponding masculine or feminine article. Generic masculine In Spanish, when we want to refer to a group in which there are people or animals of both sexes we use the masculine one since it is considered "gender not marked". It is called generic masculine. For example: Los alumnos fueron de excursión (The students went on a field trip), it can also be said: los alumnos y las alumnas fueron de excursión. It seems very difficult truth. I think so. That Spanish is very difficult. But do not worry much. You are doing it very well. It's just a matter of practice. Now we are going to complicate it a little more. Genus epiceno (In Spanish) There are some words that have a grammatical gender, that is to say, they are used with their masculine or feminine article but they can be referred to as much for the