Deep Breath In

The BMJ's long running "10 minute consultation" series is being questioned - can you do everything we suggest in 10 minutes? Can GPs really do any meaningful consultations in 10 minutes? That's the question that our three guests have been asking - and they join Tom Nolan, to discuss what they found.   Our guests; Alice Harper is a GP trainee in Bristol and an academic clinical fellow at the University of Bristol Carol Sinnott is a GP in Ireland, and a senior clinical research fellow at THIS institute at the University of Cambridge Jess Watson is a GP NIHR clinical lecturer in general practice at the University of Bristol   Reading list; Great expectations? GPs’ estimations of time required to deliver BMJ’s ‘10 minute consultations’ The BMJ's 10-Minute Consultation      

Is cancer screening worth it, and how can GPs have that conversation? This episode of Deep Breath In explores the intricacies of assessing risks and benefits of cancer screening, featuring Michael Bretthauer's insights from a JAMA Internal Medicine study. That meta-analysis combined efficacy of various cancer screening studies - and found most screenings showed minimal gains in extending overall life expectancy, though some slightly reduced cancer-specific mortality. That leaves GPs with the challenge of communicating these nuanced findings to patients. Michael explains how he tries to convey complex concepts to patients, despite the societal inclination toward extensive testing despite low risks.   Reading list; Jama paper - Estimated Lifetime Gained With Cancer Screening Tests A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials The BMJ analysis  - Current policies on early detection of prostate cancer create overdiagnosis and inequity with minimal benefit

As news about the climate breakdown hits, it's hard not to feel the stirring of climate anxiety. One way to mitigate that is by taking action, but it's hard to know where to start, and what GPs themselves can do. In this podcast, we hear about 5 ways in which you can start bringing a sustainable outlook to primary care, and engage colleagues and patients in making a difference.   Our guests; Tamsin Ellis, director of Greener Practice, and a GP in London Fran Cundill, chair of the south Yorkshire Greener Practice group, and GP in Sheffield.   Resources; Find out about how some clinical staff are starting to push their healthcare systems to be greener in The BMJ's podcast series Planet Centred Care For all the BMJ's coverage on tackling the climate emergency https://www.bmj.com/campaign/climate-emergency        

There have been so many conflicting views in the media lately on the management of menopause, and HRT has barely been out of the press at all in the last couple of years. As a result of the myriad uncertainties around menopause, many women are left feeling like they’re having to fend for themselves, and that their concerns are not being heard by their doctors. Taking segments from The BMJ’s webinar in May on known unknowns of menopause, we discuss the controversies around HRT; how we can give women balanced and realistic information about menopause and managing their symptoms; and how we can reframe the messaging around the menopausal transition in a more positive and hopeful way, in order to help empower women in navigating this normal life stage.   Our guests:  Martha Hickey is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Melbourne. Her clinical and research interest is around menopause. Margaret McCartney is a GP in Glasgow, and a freelance writer & journalist.   Resources: ‘Therapy for the effects of menopause’ (webinar) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hQX2SGlcvY ‘ Normalising menopause’ BMJ 2022;377:e069369

There's never enough time in the day to be a GP, but it's still hard to say no to that one patient, or to a colleague who is asking for your help. In this episode of Deep Breath In, we'll hear from Rachel Morris, about why it's so hard to so hard to say no, particularly for doctors. She'll challenge us to think about what the real effects of piling on more work are, and give us some strategies to help us say no in our every day lives.   Our Guest; Rachel Morris trained as a GP, before leaving the profession to become a coach for GPs, and other medics. Her work focusses on burnout, and how to take practical steps to stop the process. She also hosts the You Are Not A Frog podcast.   Links;   www.youarenotafrog.com www.shapestoolkit.com ***Click here for a bonus resource on how to design your ideal working week***

Common themes for discussion on this podcast include overdiagnosis, approaches to the testing, the ins and outs of explanations, as well as other issues facing GPs who are overburdened, and have limited time and resources to treat patients. A topic which draws all of these themes together is prostate cancer screening. The BMJ recently published a feature which asked whether the UK is ready to roll out a nationwide prostate cancer screening programme, and the linked analysis paper, authored by Dr Andrew Vickers and colleagues, argued that the current model of screening, which determines testing by shared decision making, is the worst approach for detecting prostate cancer. We spoke to Andrew Vickers to discuss this further, and our second interview was with Dr Sam Merriel, regarding the emerging evidence that suggests that taking an MRI scan prior to biopsy could decrease harms associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer.   Our guests: Andrew Vickers is an attending research methodologist in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. Sam Merriel is a GP, and a researcher on cancer diagnostic testing at the University of Exeter.   Further reading: ‘Is the UK really ready to roll out prostate cancer screening?’ BMJ 2023;381:p1062  ‘Current policies on early detection of prostate cancer create overdiagnosis and inequity with minimal benefit’ BMJ 2023;381:e071082   

While the pandemic has officially declared over, the ongoing effects of a covid-19 infection are still being felt in the community. In this Deep Breath In, Jenny, Tom, and Navjoyt are joined by two leading experts on long covid.  They discuss the changing profile of people being referred to specialist clinics, the way in which different strains may have different long term outcomes, and what can be done to limit the risk of developing long covid.   Our guests: Trish Greenhalgh is a former GP of 30 years who is now Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences at the University of Oxford.  Harsha Master is the GP lead in COVID rehabilitation at Hertfordshire Community Trust, and helped design the long covid clinical pathway there.

Talking about sexual health may be common-place with younger patients, but the sexual wellbeing of older adults is often neglected in a consultation. However it's important for doctors to be aware of changes to patients sex lives, given the link between intimacy and wellbeing. In this podcast, the team discuss how to create that culture of openness that encourages older adults to share problems they may find embarrassing, what signs may indicate that it's worth initiating a question about sexual health, and making sexual function a routine part of the discussion about the effects of medication. Our guests; Sharon Hinchliff is a professor of psychology and health at the University of Sheffield. Rebecca Mawson is a GP in Sheffield. Resources; Practice Pointer How to support the sexual wellbeing of older patients www.agesexandyou.com www.ageoflove.org www.joanprice.com 

The theory that depression is caused by serotonin deficiency has become embedded in our practice over the years, and can be a persuasive explanation of the condition for patients considering starting antidepressants. We talk to Tony Kendrick about the evidence (or lack thereof) to support this hypothesis, and what that means for the efficacy of antidepressants, particularly SSRIs. Later on, we speak to Mark Horowitz to discuss how to come off antidepressants safely, and manage withdrawal symptoms, and how to advise and support our patients as they gradually reduce, then stop, their medication. Our guests: Tony Kendrick is a retired GP, and NICE committee member for the 2022 guideline update on depression in adults. He is also a professor of Primary Medical Care at the University of Southampton. Mark Horowitz is a training psychiatrist, working as a clinical research fellow at North East NHS Trust, and as an honorary clinical research fellow at UCL, he is also the co-founder of outro.com. Further reading: ‘Antidepressants and the serotonin hypothesis of depression’. BMJ 2022;378:o1993 https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj.o1993 ‘Stopping antidepressants’. Royal College of Psychiatrists. 2020. https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/stopping-antidepressants

How long would it take GPs to enact all of the guideline recommendations that they might be expected too? Far more GP hours than exist in any healthcare system, but as medicine has turned its attention to primary prevention, and expanded the populations whose health we seek to improve, those guidelines are taking up more and more time. A recent analysis in The BMJ has proposed the concept of “Time Needed to Treat” and implores guideline makers to take account consultation time as a precious, finite, resource when thinking about their recommendations. In this episode of Deep Breath In, we’re joined by Minna Johansson, family doctor and director Global Center for Sustainable Healthcare, who co-authored that analysis to talk about how the concept has gone down, and what it might mean for rethinking what primary care is supposed to do. Reading list: Guidelines should consider clinicians’ time needed to treat https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072953