What we've learned about how change happens | Rethinking Humanitarianism

The humanitarian system isn't short on identity crises, soul-searching, and reform promises. So why does a system so good at diagnosing its problems struggle to change? This final episode of Rethinking Humanitarianism and Start Network's collaborative series examines the financial and political roadblocks preventing change, why diversifying who humanitarians feel accountable to could lead to progress, the reality that change is already happening in myriad ways outside the sector's reform attempts, and what humanitarians might learn from activist movements. Guests Kia Howson, researcher at Start Network Irwin Loy, senior policy editor at The New Humanitarian Key moments [04:40] – Why keep diagnosing the system if nothing changes?  [16:01] – "Aid is not a cause" – survival and dignity are [17:26] – From a humanitarian system to an ecosystem [22:43] – Diversify who humanitarians feel accountable to [32:11] – Who's filling the void? Local groups, private actors, and competing narratives [41:01] – What should be supported as the formal system recedes?  [55:44] – Listening and finding common ground in a polarised sector  [1:08:11] – "Change is an action," not just a commitment Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism.  This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

Can embracing activism inspire public support for aid, and rejuvenate humanitarianism itself? Today's guests explain why – and how – humanitarians should go from advocacy to activism. Chloé Fiona Ludden resigned from a United Nations job and joined activists aboard The Handala, one of the dozens of vessels that tried to break Israel's blockade on the Gaza Strip.  "When we think about activism, it's usually something that is depicted at the fringes, when for me, the flotilla is… actually enacting international humanitarian law," she says. Ludden and research fellow Philip Proudfoot join hosts Tammam Aloudat and Christina Bennett to examine the humanitarian system's activist roots and whether it should return to them. Guests Chloé Fiona Ludden, scientist and former United Nations staff; international coordinator for the Global Sumud flotilla Philip Proudfoot, Research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies and the co-founder of the Accountability Archive Key moments [10:12] – Activism vs. advocacy  [15:15] – Leaving the UN to join the Gaza flotilla [28:43] – Why the system won't change  [35:40] – Is it humanitarianism or a protest? [51:30] – Solidarity and the need to redistribute sacrifice [1:01:30] – Is this the end of humanitarianism, or the beginning of a new one? Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism. This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

In the previous episode, Fogbow CEO Brook Jerue questioned why the aid sector was so "infatuated" and critical of his company – a small private American firm delivering aid in high‑conflict contexts like South Sudan and Gaza. In this follow‑up discussion, Beatrice Lindstrom – co‑author of a recent policy brief on the rise of privatised, militarised, and politicised aid actors – puts Fogbow in the larger context of these emerging actors, and examines why their growing "subsumption" of humanitarian roles is worth paying attention to. Guests Beatrice Lindstrom, senior clinical instructor at Harvard Law School's International Human Rights Clinic; co-author of "The New Humanitarian Actors: Politicization, Corporatization, and Militarization in the Aid Sector" Key moments [04:54] – Private companies taking over core humanitarian roles [07:08] – Profit motive, militarisation, and neutrality concerns [10:41] – "Grey zone of accountability" [13:05] – Access vs. impact [18:31] – Efficiency is not enough [23:58] – Legal guardrails and accountability gaps [32:57] – At the cusp of an "aid for profit" trend Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism.  This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

When private companies employ former military personnel and work with controversial political actors in the name of humanitarian aid, should they still follow humanitarian principles? And who holds them accountable? This episode tackles the rise of privatised, militarised, and politicised players in the humanitarian landscape. Guests Brook Jerue, CEO of Fogbow Key moments [06:31] – What makes Fogbow different from traditional humanitarian actors? [15:09] – The Gaza maritime corridor and US backing. [18:47] – "I don't think you can operate in a vacuum without political or economic pressure on any aid" [38:41] – "We're a private company . We're not an NGO." [45:57] – Fogbow's finances [51:06] – Did people refuse aid airdropped by Fogbow in South Sudan? [56:50] – "Why is everybody so infatuated with Fogbow?" Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism. This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

For Fanta Toure, community-led crisis response efforts like mutual aid are not an emergent movement as some in the international aid system see it, but rather a return "to the way things are supposed to be". Toure, along with Hajooj Kuka of Sudan's emergency response rooms (ERRs) and Bashair Ahmed of Shabaka, joined co-host Christina Bennett to discuss the diversity of grassroots aid efforts, and to challenge the formal humanitarian system to adopt a more humble and supportive position towards locally-led action "What the system can do is to move from leading by default to actually supporting by design," says Ahmed, who points out that diaspora remittances dwarf foreign investment and international aid combined.  Kuka, meanwhile, offers a picture of a lifesaving network of volunteers who lean on flexibility, solidarity, and even joy to keep each other alive.  "What the ERRs did is showing that if the system collapses, we'll be okay," says Kuka. "The system is not what's holding us together; it's our humanity." Guests Fanta Toure, CEO of Resilio Fund Hajooj Kuka, External communications officer for Sudan's Emergency Response Rooms Bashair Ahmed, Founder of Shabaka Key moments [06:35] – Inside Sudan's 800 decentralised mutual aid groups [11:45] – Diaspora remittances are bigger than foreign aid [16:57] – Community-led aid means going back to way things are supposed to be [20:25] – The 'permafrost' of the aid system [32:21] – Flexibility, joy, and dreaming: Lessons from feminist movements  [45:44] – When localisation gets co‑opted  [58:59] – 'Mutual aid is here to disturb the system' [01:14:50] – What if 20% of foreign aid was given directly to communities? [01:19:00] – 'Move from leading by default to supporting by design' Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism.  This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

For Abdihakim Ainte, a senior Somali government official, the international humanitarian system's sudden contraction has been both a "cataclysmic" shock – with devastating immediate consequences – and a reckoning that could ultimately accelerate Somalia's path towards greater self-reliance. Last week's episode explored how shifting power, money, and politics in traditional donor countries is reshaping the humanitarian landscape from the top down. In this follow-up episode, Ainte shares his perspective from the point of view of a country that traditionally receives aid. Guest Abdihakim Ainte, senior adviser for food security and climate change in the office of Somalia's prime minister Key moments [05:28] – Who really controls aid in Somalia? [10:47] – How UN agencies sideline the state in crises [18:24] – "It's very grim": What happened on the ground when donors walked away? [20:28] – Plan B: Private sector, diaspora, and domestic revenues [29:45] – Aid diversion and mutual accountability [37:58] – "The aid cut could be a blessing in disguise" [45:00] – The Türkiye model of donor relations Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism.  This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better.

Less than a year ago, Colum Wilson left his position at the helm of the humanitarian department in one of the world's largest donor governments. After more than two decades with the UK government, Wilson concludes that "the world's become a colder and crueller place where realpolitik tends to trump humanitarianism". In this second collaborative episode between Rethinking Humanitarianism and Start Network, Wilson joins hosts Tammam Aloudat and Christina Bennett to unpack how humanitarianism is being reshaped from the top down. They discuss the rise of populism and transactional humanitarian policy, the quiet "insurgency" of local responders getting on with change outside the formal system, the potentially disruptive power of middle-tier donors, alternative financing models, and new centres of humanitarian power. Guest Colum Wilson, former Head of the Humanitarian Department for the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO); senior humanitarian policy advisor Key moments [11:35] – National interest versus humanitarianism [14:29] – "The world's become a colder and crueller place" [17:13] – An insurgency from below [20:24] – Interest in maintaining the status quo [24:24] – "The moral argument isn't cutting through" [33:36] – A battle for the heart of humanitarianism [38:44] – "If I controlled UK humanitarian policy…" Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism. This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better.  *At timestamp 02:03, the date "2025" has been corrected to "2005" in the transcript after speaker corrected the date intended.

Humanitarianism evolves, whether the system is ready or not. This six-episode series explores how. Ben Ramalingam has spent 20 years thinking and writing about the complexity of the humanitarian system and what makes it shift. His conclusion? It changes the wrong way around. "We've tended to evolve not through trial and error, but through error and trial. So we respond to what goes wrong, we absorb the shock through processes which are often very painful, and then we return to something that's not too far removed from what we had before." In this first collaborative episode between Rethinking Humanitarianism and Start Network, hosts Tammam Aloudat and Christina Bennett set the stage for a series that explores how the humanitarian system can change for the better as it faces a crisis of legitimacy and funding. Guests Ben Ramalingam, author of Aid on the Edge of Chaos Nadine Saba, president of the Akkar Network for Development Key moments 07:11 – "Error and trial" and doing the right thing too late 11:18 – Was the Grand Bargain ever really "grand"?  21:13 – Reforming policies vs changing mindsets  23:30 – Cash as a disruptive force  36:06 – How systemic change actually happens (in three steps) 43:23 – "People don't care about our jargon"  50:18 – Fear, funding, and the myth of neutrality  53:13 – If the system is so misaligned, why keep it?  59:31 – Tammam and Christina discuss why this podcast collaboration came to be Got a question or feedback? Email [email protected] or post on social media using the hashtag #RethinkingHumanitarianism. This episode was made in collaboration with Start Network as part of a series that explores what really drives change in the humanitarian system, and what it tells us about future efforts to transform the system for the better. 

What are we getting right, what are we getting wrong, and how could we do better? A recent live webinar hosted by Patrick Gathara, with historian Assal Rad and media critic Sana Saeed, digs into the framing of the genocide and wars in the Middle East with the goal of drawing lessons that could be applicable to a wide range of crises. Decolonise How? is a new podcast by The New Humanitarian that examines the stories we tell about humanitarian crises.

We've diagnosed the problem. What comes next? On the podcast: what it takes to change how crises are spoken about in newsrooms and aid organisations. Researcher Jess Crombie and journalist Chika Oduah encourage "uncomfortable conversations" to confront colonial legacies.  "Really, what we're talking about is about acknowledging power and making efforts to undermine existing power structures," Crombie says.  Decolonise How? is a new podcast by The New Humanitarian that examines the stories we tell about humanitarian crises.