War Remembered

In much of the English-speaking world, along with France and Belgium, the 11th of November… the day World War One hostilities ceased in 1918… has become a day to remember the fallen, honour those who served and returned, and reflect on the human cost of all wars… called variously Armistice Day or Veterans Day or Remembrance Day. It is worth noting that many nations set aside a different day... In South Korea it is 6th June, In Russia there are two dates 9th May and 22nd June, In Japan it is the 15th of August. In Germany, 15th November.  So, whilst the timing of this episode says something about my background, as does the music I am going to play, please don't interpret this as elevating any particular nation or conflict. I suspect you may have already worked out that there is going to be some intense music in this show and whilst I am genuinely a very big fan of the joy and delight so much music can give... this is music written for a different purpose. I hope you find the gravity and emotion in it as affecting and powerful as I do. War is a subject that has figured in the work of many, many composers but I only have music for you from five. Frederick Kelly, Dmitri Shostakovich, Josef Haydn, Richard Struass and Benjamin Britten. [Episode Image: 'Sacrifice' by George Rayner Hoff, Hall of Silence Anzac Memorial, Sydney]

A podcast about classical music is maybe not really a place for politics but I'm recording this episode a day after the midterm elections in the US. And I think that a lot of people all over the globe are pleased and perhaps relieved that the complicated machinery of democracy in 2026 was robust enough to survive various attempts to compromise or subvert it… and regardless of one's affiliations I think that is well worth celebrating. With some help from Aaron Copland, Jennifer Higdon, Leonard Bernstein, Joan Tower, George Gershwin, Phillip Glass and John Adams. [Episode Image: Scaffolding Liberty]

The pianist Sviatoslav Richter's life can somewhat conveniently be broken up into two parts… before he was allowed to tour outside the Soviet bloc in 1960 when he was in his mid 40s… and after. This episode is mostly about that second part; and touches on Richter's expanded interest in Chamber Music, some famous recordings, his influence on piano repertoire and his later career. Plus there will be sensational music from Schumann, Schubert, Liszt, Mozart, Beethoven and Prokofiev. [Episode Image: Richter c.1960s – photographer: Arje Plas]

We bring meanings to music that the composers often didn't intend. And this episode is going to be an example of that. There is something in some music that for me triggers a sort of longing. The writer and composer Jan Swafford describes some of Mozart's music as having a 'deep yearning' and I think that is in the same general area.  And you can't be too prescriptive about this. It is a bit different if there are lyrics but music on its own is generally suggestive rather than specific. And when I describe the music I'm going to play as inspiring feelings of 'longing'… that in itself is a broad and perhaps vague concept… the music might bring up feelings of someone you have lost… or of a place you can't return to… maybe a golden time you can't recapture… or an ache for someone you can't be with. And of course it may do none of those things for you but for the next hour and a bit there will be music with maybe a hint of melancholy or wistfulness or searching or longing… from Frederic Chopin, Maurice Ravel, Gabriel Fauré, Edward Elgar, Anton Arensky, Jean Sibelius, Arvo Pärt, Johann Sebastain Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Aram Khachaturian and Ludwig van Beethoven.  [Episode image: 'A distant star' Chania, Crete.]

The Soviet pianist Sviatoslav Richter, as I hope this and the following episode will illustrate, is one of the greatest musicians of the recording era… unsurpassed technical expertise matched with a profound depth of musicality. But those clichés (whilst true) could be applied to a not insignificant number of other players. So why Richter? More than most musicians he was touched by history.  Born in 1915 and dying in 1997, he outlived the Soviet Union but his life was utterly entangled with that state and the impact its leaders had on the people under their iron fists, Richter included. There is I think something in Richter's absolute immersion in his music that was a result of these extraordinary times and his strategies to protect himself from them. And along with the first part of his story there will be music from Mussorgsky, Prokofiev, Beethoven, Schubert and Rachmaninoff. [Episode Image: Richter c.1960 Time Life - Walter Sanders]

Why Mozart Opera Overtures? Well, whilst they were not really intended to be stand-alone pieces they have in many instances become favourites of concert programmers and broadcasters, not to mention the public. And with most of them being about five minutes long you can fit eleven of them into a podcast episode! They are also in a way an interesting lens into the development of a composer… since Mozart wrote his first opera very early and completed two in the final year of his life. And in between he wrote another 15 to 20 operas depending on how you define them. So I'm going to play them in chronological order. And as a parallel they chart the changes in the make-up of a theatre orchestra in this time of intense development… the late 1760s to the early 1790s. What we think of as the modern orchestra was starting to settle at this time and the difference in the resources, in terms of instruments, Mozart had from the beginning of his career to the end is striking. And music is pretty damn sensational. [Episode image: 'Cosi Fan Tutte' – Opera Australia.]

Who knew that Camille Saint-Saens of 'Carnival of the Animals' fame wrote the world's first film score? Or that the Pulitzer Prize for music has been given to only one work for the screen. Or that five composers, including the American music theatre legend Richard Rodgers, were approached for 'Lawrence of Arabia' before the job fell to an unknown Frenchman who was given six weeks to get the job done. Or that one of the great 20th century symphonies started out as music for a movie. Well I certainly didn't… until I started working on the 'Film Music' episode of 'Classical For Everyone'. [Episode image: The Embassy Cinema; Wellington, New Zealand.]

[Please feel free to leap straight into this second part of the 'Diving for Pearls' episode but there's background information in the first half you might enjoy if by chance you have missed it.] How did the term 'baroque', the French version of a very old Portuguese word for a misshapen pearl… which became an insult applied to complicated music… and was then rehabilitated as a description of an ornate style of art and architecture… become the term now almost universally used to describe music written between 1600 and 1750? And what has 'diving' got to do with anything? The answers are in this two part episode of Classical For Everyone exploring lesser known Baroque composers. And there's a merman. But way more importantly… there is amazing music by Rameau, Rebel, Caldara, von Biber, Marais, Keiser, Leonarda, Strozzi, Stradella, Scarlatti, Locatelli and Valentini. [Episode image: The Canning Jewel (reverse) – Collection, Victoria & Albert Museum.]

How did 'baroque', the French version of a very old Portuguese term for a misshapen pearl… which became an insult applied to complicated music… and was then rehabilitated as a description of an ornate style of art and architecture… become the term now almost universally used to describe music written between 1600 and 1750? And what has 'diving' got to do with anything? The answers are in this two part episode of Classical For Everyone exploring lesser known Baroque composers. And there's a merman. But way more importantly… there is amazing music by Rameau, Rebel, Caldara, von Biber, Marais, Keiser, Leonarda, Strozzi, Stradella, Scarlatti, Locatelli and Valentini. [Episode image: The Canning Jewel – Collection, Victoria & Albert Museum.]

It could be argued that Night and Darkness are sort of the same. The Night is Dark. That's kind of the point. But there are brightly moonlit nights and there are very dark nights; in more ways than one, and then there is darkness that is as black as night. So it's "Night and Darkness"… including symphonic night music from Gustav Mahler, a song of a rose on a summer night from Hector Berlioz, a night of love from Augusta Holmès, Ludwig van Beethoven's political prisoner crying out from a pitch black dungeon, Sergei Rachmaninoff's All Night Vigil and Arnold Schoenberg's music of two lovers sharing secrets walking through a dark forest at night. [Episode image: Night Sky. Christian Hoiberg Digital Photography School.]