'B' for Ballot

Jurisdiction determines which level of government has authority over different parts of daily life. Paul Manna explains how understanding which governments handle taxes, voting, water, and other services helps citizens direct questions and concerns to the right place.

Implementation is the process of turning laws into action. Paul Manna explores how citizens can engage with government agencies through public meetings, advisory committees, and other opportunities to offer feedback that can improve how policies are carried out in their communities.

Home rule gives local governments more autonomy to address community issues. Paul Manna explains how Virginia’s system differs and why effective civic engagement often depends on directing concerns to officials with the authority to make change.

Gridlock can emerge when political opponents struggle to find compromise. Paul Manna explores how citizens can focus on evidence, issues, and problem-solving in their civic engagement to encourage constructive dialogue and advance policymaking.

Federalism divides power between the national government and the states. Paul Manna explores how that system creates multiple opportunities for civic engagement, from contacting Congress to participating in school board meetings, zoning decisions, and other local issues.

Elections offer citizens many ways to participate in civic life. Paul Manna explores how people can discuss important issues, encourage others to register and vote, serve as poll workers, and even run for local office to help shape the issues affecting their communities.

Democracy depends on citizens taking an active role in representative government. Paul Manna explores how speaking out, staying informed, voting in local, state, and national elections, and exercising civic rights help ensure that “rule by the people” remains strong.

Civics is at the heart of active citizenship. Paul Manna explores the rights people hold, the responsibilities they carry, and the many ways civic participation can shape communities, influence government, and help strengthen democracy at the local, state, and national levels.

Ballots are a central tool of democratic participation. Paul Manna explores how citizens use them to choose candidates, decide public questions, and make their voices heard through Election Day voting, early voting, absentee ballots, and other accessible voting options.

Accountability is a central responsibility in a representative democracy. Paul Manna explores how citizens can hold elected officials accountable through voting, contacting representatives, attending town halls, engaging in peaceful protest, and other forms of active civic participation.