Operation Wetback

America Latina es uno de los lugares mas mortiferos para ser defensor de derechos. A pesar de las altas tasas de asesitatos de activistas y de impunidad, muchos arriesgan sus vidas para luchar por sus derechos. En este episodio, Carmen le cuenta a Cristina sobre el estado del activismo ambiental en America Latina y unos casos de activistas ambientales q quienes les quitaron la vida por su activismo. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSourceshttps://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/almost-2000-land-and-environmental-defenders-killed-between-2012-and-2022-protecting-planet/ https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/who-killing-latin-americas-environmentalists https://globalearthrepairfoundation.org/homero-gomez-gonzalez/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/he-told-me-of-his-battle-to-save-the-monarch-butterfly-from-illegal-loggers-now-hes-gone-missing/2020/01/23/353a6a94-3dea-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-51304857 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homero_G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez The Guardian of the Monarchs documentary on Netflix  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/03/mexico-second-monarch-butterfly-sanctuary-worker-found-murdered https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/29/over-1700-environmental-activists-killed-in-past-decade-report https://hrf.org/the-cost-of-defending-the-environment-in-latin-america/ https://www.foe.org.au/what_is_extractivismhttps://latamjournalismreview.org/news/honduras-suspected-murderer-of-journalist-and-indigenous-leader-pablo-hernandez-captured/ https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/honduras-indigenous-community-radio-director-pablo-isabel-hern%C3%A1ndez-murdered-un-ohchr-calls-for-murder-investigation-to-include-his-work-as-human-rights-defender/ https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/honduras-lenca-environmental-defender-is-first-the-human-rights-defender-to-be-killed-in-2022-in-the-country/ https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/22/two-murders-in-a-week-honduran-activists-risk-death-to-defend-rights https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/melvin-geovany-mej%C3%ADa-rodr%C3%ADguez-broad-movement-for-dignity-and-justice-madj-movimiento-amplio-por-la-dignidad-y-la-justicia/ https://www.irtfcleveland.org/content/rrn/2022-02-24-000000 https://www.mp.hn/publicaciones/exhuman-cadaver-del-lider-indigena-en-el-progreso-yoro/ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/07/venezuela-indigenous-leader-killed-amazon-defendershttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/venezuela-indigenous-leader-defended-amazon-shot-dead Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

On March 1, 1954, four Puerto Rican Nationalists opened fire on the house of Representatives chamber at the US Capitol. They were led by Lolita Lebron, a woman who some see as a hero and others as a terrorist.Cristina tells Carmen about Lolita Lebron, picking up from the attack on March 1st, to her time in prison and her continued activism once she was back in Puerto Rico.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSourceshttps://www.paseomedia.org/episodes/12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_New_York_Cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_Acthttps://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_United_States_Capitol_shootinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayuya_Uprisinghttps://www.roosevelt.nl/en/from-the-vaults/lolita-lebron-there-is-no-need-now-to-kill-for-freedom/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/03/us/03lebron.htmlhttps://www.workers.org/2022/03/62656/https://mediaburn.org/video/the-defense-of-lolita-lebron-an-interview-with-conrad-lynn/https://mronline.org/2010/08/07/puerto-rico-remembers-independence-fighter-lolita-lebron/https://www.npr.org/2010/08/03/128959759/remembering-puerto-rican-activist-lolita-lebronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Matos_Paolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Camposhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/caracas-conference-1954Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

On March 1, 1954, four Puerto Rican Nationalists opened fire on the house of Representatives chamber at the US Capitol. They were led by Lolita Lebron, a woman who some see as a hero and others as a terrorist.Cristina tells Carmen about Lolita Lebron, leading up to the March 1st attack. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSourceshttps://www.paseomedia.org/episodes/12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_New_York_Cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_Acthttps://web.archive.org/web/20170506201050/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/ylp-reader.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_United_States_Capitol_shootinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayuya_Uprisinghttps://www.roosevelt.nl/en/from-the-vaults/lolita-lebron-there-is-no-need-now-to-kill-for-freedom/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/03/us/03lebron.htmlhttps://www.workers.org/2022/03/62656/https://mediaburn.org/video/the-defense-of-lolita-lebron-an-interview-with-conrad-lynn/https://mronline.org/2010/08/07/puerto-rico-remembers-independence-fighter-lolita-lebron/https://www.npr.org/2010/08/03/128959759/remembering-puerto-rican-activist-lolita-lebronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Matos_Paolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Camposhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/caracas-conference-1954Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba was the captain of an expedition that left Castilla del oro (Cuba) in 1517, with the intent of finding more indigenous people to enslave. But none of it went as planned.Cristina tells Carmen about this failed expedition and the victory of the Maya, who drove the Spaniards out during their battle.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_expedition&wprov=rarw1https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelagohttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_San_Antonio,_Cubahttps://web.archive.org/web/20060427121141/http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/espanol/historia/colonia/detalle.cfm?idpag=4166&idsec=2&idsub=13Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the creation of the canal. The role of Panama in its own development is often forgotten or minimized.In part four, Carmen discusses how the displacement of Panamians in the canal zone went down, how the history of that displacement was rewritten and about the tragic day known as Martyr's Day.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources:https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canalErased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Marixa Lassohttps://www.instagram.com/reel/DEmtX9vOroL/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3Dhttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-panama/ https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/a-history-of-the-panama-canal-and-why-the-us-cant-just-take-it-back/3707946/ https://therealnews.com/the-panama-canal-under-the-shadow-episode-12 ​​https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/46/1/28/158412/Philippe-Bunau-Varilla-New-Light-on-the-Panama https://www.tiktok.com/@colocha_sv503/video/7458308116132777221?_r=1&_t=ZT-8tEng0cxa0M https://aadl.org/node/246042https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/06/story-cities-16-panama-canal-zone-history-us-run-divided-city https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/1964/01/Panama-disturbances-fact-finding-mission-report-1964-eng.pdfBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the creation of the canal. The role of Panama in its own development is often forgotten or minimized.In Part three, Carmen tells Cristina about how the ICC, Robert Tomes, Dr. William Gorgas and other factors all worked together to create a separation between locals and Americans in the Panama Canal Zone. Difference that were then used to justify the depopulation of Panamian towns in the  Zone.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources: https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/how-racism-and-tropical-medicine-built-panama-canal/2024-02 Erased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Marixa LassoMentioned during the Bukele update segment: @dichosdeunbicho on Instagram/ThreadsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the creation of the canal. The role of Panama in its own development is often forgotten or minimized. In part two, Carmen tells Cristina about how the US justified their need for control of the canal and how they eventually came to control it.If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canalErased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Marixa Lassohttps://www.instagram.com/reel/DEmtX9vOroL/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3D https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-panama/ https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/a-history-of-the-panama-canal-and-why-the-us-cant-just-take-it-back/3707946/ https://therealnews.com/the-panama-canal-under-the-shadow-episode-12 ​​https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/46/1/28/158412/Philippe-Bunau-Varilla-New-Light-on-the-Panama Tiktok creator talking about mining in El Salvador:https://www.tiktok.com/@colocha_sv503/video/7458308116132777221?_r=1&_t=ZT-8tEng0cxa0M Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the creation of the canal. The role of Panama in its own development is often forgotten or minimized.In part one, Carmen tells Cristina about the French development of the canal and the eventual US takeover of the project, to give us context to eventually talk about the displacement of Panamanian towns for the development of the canal. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canalErased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Marixa Lassohttps://www.instagram.com/reel/DEmtX9vOroL/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3D https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-panama/ https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/a-history-of-the-panama-canal-and-why-the-us-cant-just-take-it-back/3707946/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

Los experimentos de sífilis de Guatemala se llevaron a cabo entre 1946 y 1948. Fueron dirigidos por John Cutler, quien luego participaría en los experimentos de Tuskegee. Esto no fue descubierto hasta que la historiadora y profesora Susan Mokotoff Reverby encontró los archivos de Cutler mientras investigaba los experimentos de Tuskegee. Guatemala ha condenado estos experimentos como crímenes contra la humanidad.Carmen le cuenta a Cristina sobre este capítulo oscuro de la historia de Guatemala. Este fue el tema de episode numero 16 en ingles. If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources:https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-guatemala-syphilis/u-s-researchers-broke-rules-in-guatemala-syphilis-study-idUSTRE77S3L120110829https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828982/  http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/cover_story/2017/02/guatemala_syphilis_experiments_worse_than_tuskegee.html https://www.voanews.com/a/judge-lawsuit-over-guatemala-syphilis-experiment-to-proceed/4730000.htmlhttps://www.law.com/2022/04/22/federal-judge-dismisses-suit-against-johns-hopkins-rockefeller-foundation-over-nonconsensual-human-medical-experiments-in-guatemala/?slreturn=20220909212146 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

If you search Mexico and Coca Cola, there’s no doubt you’ll be flooded with content about how much Mexicans love it, as well as the sky rocketing rates of diabetes in the country.  You might see the alarmin statistic that in Chiapas, Mexicans drink an average of 2.5 liters of coca cola, but of course, as with all these things, it is deeper. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the corruption that led to Femsa Coca Cola's wealth in Mexico, as well as how they are leaving parts of Chiapas without water.Documentary mentioned: El Susto (the shock)If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/Want ad free episodes? And the ocassioal bonus episode? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcastFollow on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknownMusic Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources:https://coha.org/coca-colas-corporate-greed-is-leaving-mexicans-thirsty/https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/mexico-ngos-academics-protest-against-coca-cola-femsa-bottling-plant-citing-water-scarcity-health-impacts-of-soft-drinks-in-chiapas/https://hhsbroadcaster.com/12367/world/poorest-mexican-state-faces-soft-drink-epidemic/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a22172862/coca-cola-mexico-town-water/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/14/world/americas/mexico-coca-cola-diabetes.html#click=https://t.co/PbgflMAwOAhttps://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/a-state-in-mexico-that-consumes-more-coke-than-any-other-place-in-the-world/articleshow/112635370.cms?from=mdrhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/15/coca-cola-country-in-southern-mexico-photo-essayhttps://www.biggerlifeadventures.com/san-cristobal-de-las-casas-zapatistas-water-and-coca-cola/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/coca-cola-mexico-wells-dry-bottled-water-sucking-san-felipe-ecatepec-chiapas-a7953026.htmlhttps://www.historyoasis.com/post/coca-cola-mexicohttps://theeverydaymagazine.co.uk/opinion/cola-cola-and-mexicohttps://www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-influence-on-mexican-culture-2018-8#one-day-fox-said-he-was-called-into-the-presidential-house-then-president-luis-echeverra-wanted-the-coke-recipe-and-to-nationalize-coca-cola-and-its-bottlers-5https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/nov/04/sugar-rush-how-mexico-addiction-to-fizzy-drinks-fuelled-its-health-crisis-acchttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/world/americas/nafta-food-labels-obesity.htmlhttps://www.thebalancemoney.com/disadvantages-of-nafta-3306273https://civileats.com/2022/04/18/how-mexican-public-health-advocates-fought-big-soda-and-won/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.