From Web Injects to Info Stealers: How Cybercriminals Stay Ahead

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Sleuths! Host Selena Larson, and guest host, Sarah Sabotka take you behind the scenes of the ever-changing world of cybercrime—where attackers innovate, scams evolve, and staying one step ahead is a constant challenge.From remote monitoring and management (RMM) abuse to adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing, web injects, flashy malware lures, and the latest wave of information stealers, we unpack the tactics, techniques, and procedures shaping today’s threat landscape.We talk about:Why attackers are leaning on RMM tools and what you can do to defend yourself or your organization.How MFA-aware phishing kits are evolving and ways to stay secure.New information stealers emerging in the wake of law enforcement disruptions.The role Reddit can play in helping spot real-world scams.The human side of cyber crime, from fraud and job scams to societal pressures driving people into schemes.The exponential growth of web injects and unique social engineeringThe cunning tactics of threat actors like TA582Along the way, we share practical tips for staying safe online—closing suspicious tabs, using MFA, blocking unsolicited links, and even taking mindful breaks from the digital world. This episode helps you understand the chaos of the digital underworld and stay one step ahead—without throwing your phone into the woods.Resources Mentioned:https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/remote-monitoring-and-management-rmm-tooling-increasingly-attackers-first-choicehttps://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/when-monster-bytes-tracking-ta585-and-its-arsenalhttps://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/amatera-stealer-rebranded-acr-stealer-improved-evasion-sophisticationhttps://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/csn-annual-data-book-2024.pdfFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Pumpkin Spice Cyber Friends! It’s Cybersecurity Awareness Month — and what better way to kick it off than with a deep dive into the human side of cyber threats? In this episode host Selena Larson welcomes back guest and part-time co-host Sarah Sabotka, our “Cybersecurity Awareness Month Queen” and Staff Threat Researcher at Proofpoint. She joins us to break down why social engineering is at the heart of so many attacks.We take a closer look at how scams and social engineering tactics are growing more sophisticated—and how the real battleground isn’t just your inbox, it’s your brain. Our guest explains “amygdala hijacking,” the psychological manipulation behind scams, and why recognizing your emotional responses during suspicious interactions can be just as important as spotting technical red flags. We also focus on protecting some of the most vulnerable—seniors and young digital natives—highlighting community education programs, interactive teen cybersecurity trainings, and strategies for safe social media use, password hygiene, and multi-factor authentication.We also talk about:Why Awareness Month feels different this year and how communicators are packaging complex threat research for real people.The neuroscience behind social engineering (shoutout to Dr. Bob, Proofpoint’s lead cognitive scientist) and a simple, powerful takeaway: trust your gut.Concrete examples: ClickFix scams, deepfakes used against small businesses, LLM-enabled phishing, benign-conversation lures (smishing & job scams), and multi-step attacks that prime victims over time.Practical steps to protect yourself and your org — safe words, pause-and-check habits, and why peer stories beat scary slides.Tune in and learn how to build better cyber awareness for everyone in your life—because cybersecurity isn’t just for IT teams, it’s for all of us.Resources Mentioned:https://www.proofpoint.com/us/resources/threat-reports/human-factor-social-engineeringhttps://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/security-awareness-traininghttps://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/best-laid-plans-ta453-targets-religious-figure-fake-podcast-invite-deliveringhttps://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2025/02/19/central-florida-wildlife-rescue-falls-victim-to-podcast-scam-warns-others/https://abc7.com/post/scam-texts-targeting-people-looking-jobs-are-rise-ftc-warns/17838427/https://www.cbc.ca/news/marketplace/sextortion-teen-boys-canada-1.7648267https://www.consumerreports.org/media-room/press-releases/2025/10/consumer-reports-study-finds-surge-in-texting-and-messaging-scamsFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Welcome in! You’ve entered, Only Malware in the Building — but this time, it’s not just another episode. This is a special edition you won’t want to miss.For the first time, our hosts are together in-studio — and they’re turning up the heat. Literally. Join ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Selena Larson⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Proofpoint⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ intelligence analyst and host of their podcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠DISCARDED⁠, along with ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K Networks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Dave Bittner⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Keith Mularski⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, former FBI cybercrime investigator and now Chief Global Ambassador at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Qintel⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, as they take on a fiery hot wings challenge while answering personal questions about themselves, their careers, and the stories that shaped them. Think you’ve seen them tackle malware mysteries before? Wait until you see them sweat.This one’s too good for audio alone — you’ll want to watch the full ⁠video⁠ edition to catch every spicy reaction, every laugh, and maybe even a few tears.So grab your milk, get ready to feel the burn, and come join us for this special hot take on Only Malware in the Building.

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Stars! In this episode host Selena Larson welcomes back guest and part-time co-host Tim Kromphardt, fresh from DEFCON, to explore the world of request-for-quote (RFQ) fraud—a growing scam targeting small- to medium-sized businesses with fake purchase requests and net financing schemes.Tim explains how cybercriminals exploit legitimate business practices to steal physical goods like networking tools, surveillance equipment, and medical devices. Using stolen business credentials, fake domains, and freight forwarding services, these scams combine social engineering with real-world theft. He shares firsthand stories of engaging with scammers directly, taking down fraudulent domains in real time, and even halting shipments in transit.Selena and Tim break down how these schemes operate, the sophistication of scammers and why smaller, specialized companies are often targeted. They also provide practical tips for spotting and avoiding these scams, from verifying domains and emails to independently confirming contacts and addresses.Resources Mentioned:https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/net-rfq-request-quote-scammers-casting-wide-net-steal-real-goodsFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Squirrels! In this extra-packed episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson welcomes Proofpoint Principal Research Engineer Jason Ford for his first appearance on the show. Together, they dive into two resurging email attack techniques—Microsoft 365 Direct Send abuse and URL rewrite abuse—and why defending against them requires more than just traditional email security.Jason explains what Direct Send is, why attackers exploit this legacy feature, and how it enables phishing campaigns that appear to originate from inside an organization. From QR code phishing kits to “to-do list” themed lures, Selena and Jason break down attack chains, share real-world examples, and highlight the red flags that indicate exploitation. They also explore how adversaries weaponize URL rewrites in redirect chains, to deliver malware and credential phishing. We also unpack: How Direct Send works under the hood and why legacy features are a prime targetCommon signs in email headers that reveal Direct Send abuseThe role of URL rewrites in modern phishing campaignsWhy credential phishing has overtaken malware as the go-to tacticPractical steps organizations can take—including when it makes sense to disable Direct SendThe importance of layered defenses, user education, and risk awareness across SaaS appsPredictions on which “old school” techniques might resurface nextThis episode offers a clear, actionable look at how threat actors adapt and why everything old in cybercrime eventually becomes new again. Resources Mentioned:https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/email-and-cloud-threats/attackers-abuse-m365-for-internal-phishinghttp://www.jasonsford.comhttps://github.com/jasonsford/directsendanalyzer For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Panda Bears! In this extra-packed episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson and guest host, Sarah Sabotka reunite with Staff Threat Researcher Mark Kelly to dive deep into China-aligned espionage activity—this time with a focus on Taiwan’s semiconductor ecosystem and the strange, stealthy tools threat actors are using to get in.Mark walks us through Proofpoint’s latest research on custom malware (yes, “Voldemort” is back), threat clusters with pun-filled names like UNK_SparkyCarp and UNK_DropPitch, and why Taiwan’s chip industry has become such a hot target. From design and manufacturing to financial analysts and supply chains, Chinese state-aligned actors are getting more creative—and more persistent.We also unpack: The “Phish & Chips” campaign and how it fits into China’s broader geopolitical strategy Why pop culture references like Voldemort and Mr. Robot keep showing up in espionage infrastructureAttribution headaches, including Proofpoint’s tracking of multiple unattributed threat clusters with UNK designators How AI, LLMs, and adversary-in-the-middle phishing are influencing espionage tactics The use of RMM tools and spoofed MacOS folders for stealth Why basic backdoors are making a strategic comeback A threat intel team’s deep love for vegetables, puns, and report titlesWhether you're tracking state-sponsored cyber activity, curious about weird malware names, or just here for the expert banter, this episode has you covered.Resources Mentioned:Phish & Chips: Chinese Espionage Activity Targeting Taiwan's Semiconductor EcosystemFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our cyber pals! In this episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson and co-host, Tim Kromphardt, are joined by Joe Wise, Senior Threat Researcher at Proofpoint for a deep dive into the chaotic brilliance of mid-tier eCrime actors—including the elusive TA582.We explore recent activity from TA2541 and TA558—two groups known for their uncanny consistency and precision targeting—before shifting focus to TA582: a standout in today’s threat landscape. TA582’s multilayered, region-specific lures (think vintage car sales and fake speeding tickets) and complex delivery models are impressive compared to your typical cybercriminal.Topics Include:🔍 What you’ll hear:How TA2541 and TA558 maintain eerily consistent lures and targeting year after yearThe regional flavor behind lures in Latin America and Europe—especially during tax seasonWhy TA582 feels like a digital jigsaw puzzle, with simultaneous email, web inject, and compromised site vectorsA breakdown of TA582’s evolving payloads, from GhostWeaver to Interlock RATThe surprising links between threat actor collaboration, initial access brokers, and shifting loader trendsHow weird or silly variable names can enable threat actor trackingAnd yes—13 URLs that needs the Tron soundtrack playing in the background to exploreFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our cyber detectives and pedantic CTI friends! In this episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson is joined by Greg Lesnewich, Staff Threat Researcher at Proofpoint for a behind-the-scenes look at one of the most frustratingly fascinating attribution cases yet.What begins as a lighthearted rant: “10 Things I Hate About Attribution,” quickly turns into a deep dive into the murky overlap between TA829 (aka RomCom), TA289, and the elusive GreenSec cluster. From TransferLoader and malware panels to REM proxy infrastructure and attack chain similarities, Greg and Selena dissect the breadcrumb trail that led to a 25-page blog, a mountain of malware chains (Dusty Hammock? Single Camper?), and an attribution headache. Topics Include:TA829 (aka RomCom) and the elusive GreenSec cluster: What’s the difference?Vertical targeting overlap (and divergence)Malware breakdown: TransferLoader vs. RomCom and related malwareUse of REM proxy and rebrand.ly infrastructureAttribution logic and the perils of shared toolingBonus: Existential mysteries and karaoke mic commentaryThe attribution game isn’t always about getting it right—it’s about asking better questions. Join us in the mess, and keep connecting the dots.For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Pals! In this episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson and co-host Sara Sabotka are joined by Saher Naumaan and Greg Lesnewich, teammates on the espionage threat research team at Proofpoint to unravel the multifaceted—and often bizarre—world of North Korean cyber operations. The team explores:What sets DPRK’s threat actors apart from other nation-state groupsA closer look at North Korea’s cyber and physical support for Russia in UkraineHow cyber activity plays a central role in North Korea’s national strategy—not just a supporting oneThe phishing-heavy tactics of groups like TA427 (“Old Reliable”) and the emergence of oddball clusters like “Contagious Interview” and “UNK RageQuit”How North Korean actors blur the lines between espionage and financially motivated cybercrimeThe murky world of North Korean IT workers infiltrating global tech companies under false identities—raising critical questions about workplace exposure, ethics, and potential defectionsThe surprising ways some of these operatives sabotage themselves, including infections with common malware that expose their digital behaviorAnd yes, a Microsoft spoofing campaign actually using Comic SansNorth Korean cyber activity is evolving fast and they explain why it deserves far more attention than it gets.  Resources Mentioned:https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta406-pivots-fronthttps://spycloud.com/blog/spycloud-march-cybercrime-update/https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/threat-reports/pfpt-us-tr-threat-insight-paper-triple-threat-N-Korea-aligned-TA406-steals-scams-spies.pdfFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!

Send us fan mail!Hello to all our Cyber Masked Vigilantes!  In this episode of Discarded, host Selena Larson and co-host Tim Kromhardt are joined by James Emery-Callcott, a Security Researcher on Proofpoint’s Emerging Threats team, for an insider’s look at the technical, tactical, and collaborative forces shaping modern network detection.James takes us behind the curtain of rule writing, CVE coverage, and malware detection, breaking down how signatures are developed, validated, and deployed to protect against a constantly shifting threat landscape. From the fading heyday of exploit kits to the rise of infostealers and ClickFix, we explore how detections evolve—and why the most persistent threats often hinge on the fundamentals of networking.You’ll also hear how the team maps detection rules to frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK and CISA KEV, using metadata tags to reduce alert fatigue and prioritize real-world risks. James shares why this kind of tagging isn’t just technical polish—it’s operational gold.But detection doesn’t happen in a vacuum. James explains how the community—through Discord chats, support tickets, and collaborative research—plays a vital role in surfacing false positives, sharing POCs, and suggesting metadata improvements. Bonus highlights include:Why writing reliable detection rules is still too nuanced for AIThe anatomy of a CVE rollout (and the surprising role of an Xbox controller)Signature performance testing and hardware challengesWhy older vulnerabilities still matterA sneak peek at a free Suricata training series in the worksWhether it’s a shoutout to Tony for pushing tagging innovation or a nod to students eager to get started, the message is clear: everyone can contribute to better detection. Resources Mentioned:CrazyHunter: https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/d/crazyhunter-campaign.htmlhttps://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/emerging-threats-updates-improve-metadata-including-mitre-attck-tagsFor more information about Proofpoint, check out our website. Subscribe & Follow:Stay ahead of emerging threats, and subscribe! Happy hunting!