Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 08-12-16What really happens when you approach the event horizon of a black hole? What do you see when you actually cross it? Matt shows you an elegant tool for understanding this mysterious region of spacetime. This episode is supported by The Great Courses Plus. Go to http://ow.ly/WPIo306GotR for your one month free trial!Help support Space Time on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeCUNY Physics (stay tuned for event April 7 event details):http://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Doctoral-Programs/PhysicsHelp tranlate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7gWritten and hosted by Matt O’DowdProduced by Rusty WardGraphics by Grayson BlackmonMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Comments Answered by Matt:dinosaurfromfuturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlXdsyctD50&lc=z12cw3dapnftev0z104ce5pyzqaejbrwpg0vacuum diagramhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlXdsyctD50&lc=z13gwn3p1tndfdyuj23md5ipdy2xvb33ySpecial thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Hypernova and Quasar Supporters: Antonio ParkJoel BrintonLuna IT SolutionsClock WatcherJoeRatfeastVitaly KovalenkoJohn HofmannThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Jade BilkeyKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcBernardo HigueraMichael FischerDylan MeridaColette WeeksAmy JieAnthony CaridiAvi GoldfingerCorey SmeatonJohn PettitShannan CatalanoFlorian StinglmayrYubo DuBenoit Pagé-GuitardRonny PoloniaNathan LenizJessica FraleyKirk MathewsLoro LukicCarl P. CorlissBrandon labonteDavid CraneGreg WeissDavid MattesonMarc LagardeEric JacksonWill and Sonja Marple Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thank you to Brilliant for Supporting PBS. To learn more go to https://brilliant.org/SpaceTime/ PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Physics progresses by breaking our intuitions, but we’re now at a point where further progress may require us to do away with the most intuitive and seemingly fundamental concepts of all—space and time. Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Bahar Gholipour & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2023 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Sponsors Ian Jones Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Leo Koguan Sean Maddox Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal Daniel Muzquiz Quasar Sponsors Alex Kern Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Christina Oegren Mark Heising Hypernova Sponsors Ivari Tölp Vyce Ailour Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Kirk Honour Joe Moreira Bradley Voorhees Marc Armstrong Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков John R. Slavik David S. Cerutti Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Glenn Sugden Gamma Ray Burst Supporters Thomas Nielson Joe Pavlovic Ryan McGaughy Mark West Chuck Lukaszewski Edward Hodapp Kevin Tillery Marc Forand Andrea Galvagni Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma Ryan Moser Jonathan Cordovano John Anderson David Giltinan Scott Hannum Paul Widden Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story Teng Guo Mason Dillon Matt Langford Harsh Khandhadia Thomas Tarler Susan Albee Frank Walker Matt Quinn Michael Lev Terje Vold James Trimmier Anatoliy Nagornyy Andre Stechert Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh Ramon Nogueira Paul Suchy Ellis Hall John H. Austin, Jr. Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Alex Edwards Ádám Kettinger Endre Pech Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Geoffrey Clarion Russ Creech Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Andrew Mann Isaac Suttell Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Robert Walter Mirik Gogri Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Nickolas Andrew Freeman Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Dmitri McGuiness John Robinson Jim Hudson Alex Gan David Barnholdt David Neal John Funai Bradley Jenkins Daniel Stříbrný Cody Brumfield Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith Dean Faulk Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For 72 hours, enjoy 15% OFF on all Hoverpens with code PBS, or click on the link https://noviumdesign.shop/PBS - Free shipping to most countries. Also on Amazon: https://noviumdesign.shop/crQH4A 2025 is … was the international year of quantum science and technology. Yes because quantum tech is increasingly important, but especially because quantum mechanics was invented 100 years ago this year. In 1925, our strangest true theory went from being a peculiar set of ideas to describe some funny results from experiments, to a full-blown theoretical framework that overturned how we think reality really works. So today, as the centenary year approaches its end I want to take you on a little journey through what may be the most paradigm-destroying several months in scientific history. PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Bahar Gholipour & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producer: Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2025 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Alexander Tamas David Paryente Juan Benet Kenneth See Mark Rosenthal Morgan Hough Peter Barrett Santiago Tj Steyn Vinnie Falco Supernova Ethan Cohen Glenn Sugden Grace Biaelcki Mark Heising Stephen Wilcox Tristan Lucian Claudius Aurelius Tyacke Hypernova Alex Kern Ben Delo Cal Stephens chuck zegar David Giltinan Dean Galvin Donal Botkin Gregory Forfa Jesse Cid Dyer John R. Slavik Justin Lloyd Kenneth See Massimiliano Pala Michael Tidwell Mike Purvis Paul Stehr-Green Scott Gorlick Scott Gray Spencer Jones Stephen Saslow Thomas Mouton Zachary Haberman Антон Кочков Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Aaron Pinto Adrien Molyneux Almog Cohen Anthony Leon Arko Provo Mukherjee Ayden Miller Ben McIntosh Bradley Jenkins Bradley Ulis Brandon Lattin Brian Cook Bryan White Chris Liao Christopher Wade Chuck Lukaszewski Collin Dutrow Craig Falls Craig Stonaha Dan Warren Daniel Donahue Daniel Jennings Daron Woods Darrell Stewart David Johnston Doyle Vann Eric Kiebler Eric Raschke Eric Schrenker Faraz Khan Frederic Simon Harsh Khandhadia Ian Williams Isaac Suttell James Trimmier Jeb Campbell Jeremy Soller Jerry Thomas jim bartosh John Anderson John De Witt John Funai John H. Austin, Jr. John591 Joseph Salomone Junaid Ali Kacper Cieśla Kane Holbrook Keith Pasko Kent Durham Koen Wilde Kyle Atkinson Marcelo Garcia Marion Lang Mark Daniel Cohen Mark Delagasse Matt Kaprocki Matthew Johnson Michael Barton Michael Clark Michael Lev Michael Purcell Nathaniel Bennett Nick Hoffenstoffer III Nicolas Katsantonis Paul Wood Rad Antonov Reuben Brewer Richard Steenbergen Robert DeChellis Ross Story Russell Moore SamSword Sandhya Devi Satwik Pani Sean Owen Shane Calimlim SilentGnome Sound Reason Steffen Bendel Steven Giallourakis Terje Vold Thomas Dougherty Tomaz Lovsin Tybie Fitzhugh Vlad Shipulin William Flinn WILLIAM HAY III Zac Sweers ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 03-04-19Have you ever asked “what is beyond the edge of the universe?” And have you ever been told that an infinite universe that has no edge? You were told wrong. In a sense. We can define a boundary to an infinite universe, at least mathematically. And it turns out that boundary may be as real or even more real than the universe it contains.Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeSign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetimeCheck out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://pbsspacetime.com/#infinitity #edgeoftheuniverse #spacetimeLearn More About Dark Energy Here:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Aaron HalevyDirecting by Andrew KornhaberOur universe may be infinite. In order to wrap our puny human minds around such a notion we like to come up with boundaries. For example we have the “observable universe” – that patch that we can see, and beyond which light has not yet had time to reach us. It’s boundary is called the particle horizon. Beyond it there exists at a minimum of thousands and possibly infinitely more regions just as large. Our observable universe is like a tiny patch of land in a vast plain. We define its horizon like we might build a little picket fence around our little patch – meaningless from the point of view of the plain, but it makes our patch feel more homey and us less crushingly insignificant.Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang:Anton LifshitscoolascatsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetJustin LloydTim DavisQuasar:James FlowersMark RosenthalTambe BarsbayVinnie FalcoHypernova: chuck zegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerJens TheisenJohn HofmannJordan YoungJoseph SalomonekkmMark HeisingMatthew O'ConnorThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Alexey EromenkoAndreas NautschAntonio RuizBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteBuruk AregawiCarlo MogaveroDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDavid CraneDavid SchmidtDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortGreg WeissJack FroschJames HughesJames QuinteroJinal DoshiJJ BagnellJohn WebberJon FolksJonahJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKenneth F LeonardKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNicholas RoseNick VirtueRatfeastRichard BromanScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTim CrookhamTim StephaniTommy Mogensenسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Space is pretty deadly. But is it so deadly that we’re effectively imprisoned in our solar system forever? Many have said so, but a few have actually figured it out. Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executives in Charge (PBS): Adam Dylewski, Maribel Lopez Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing Want to Learn More About The Science of Aliens?!? Check out Our Aliens Playlist https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNARiQWJmiyQQcxwXCR63t1G Hawking Radiation Episode https://youtu.be/qPKj0YnKANw Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2022 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Supporters Adam Hillier Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Charlie Leo Koguan Ahmad Jodeh Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Amy Hickman Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal David Nicklas Quasar Level Alex Kern Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Christina Oegren Mark Heising Hank S Hypernova Supporters william bryan Gregory Forfa Kirk Honour Mark Evans drollere Joe Moreira Marc Armstrong Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Russell Pope Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков John R. Slavik Mathew Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Joseph Salomone chuck zegar Jordan Young Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Supporters Harsh Khandhadia Thomas Tarler bsgbryan Sean McCaul Carsten Quinlan Susan Albee Frank Walker Matt Q WhizBangery Avi Yashchin MHL SHS Terje Vold Anatoliy Nagornyy comboy Brett Baker Andre Stechert Ross Bohner Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh Nubble Scott R Calkins The Mad Mechanic Ellis Hall John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Ben Campbell Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Alex Edwards Ádám Kettinger MD3 Endre Pech Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Geoffrey Clarion Darren Duncan Russ Creech Jeremy Reed Eric Webster David Johnston Web Browser Michael Barton Christopher Barron Mr T Andrew Mann Isaac Suttell Devon Rosenthal Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Robert Walter Bruce B Simon Oliphant Mirik Gogri Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Nickolas Andrew Freeman Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Martin Skans The Art of Sin Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Tonyface John Robinson A G David Neal justahat John Funai Tristan Bradley Jenkins Kyle Hofer Daniel Stříbrný Luaan Cody Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Scott Gossett Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith Daniel Lyons DFaulk Kevin Warne Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 30-08-17Black holes are very well known but... What is a White Hole?Get 15% off your next purchase at https://www.legalzoom.com/spacetime. LegalZoom is not a law firm or a substitute for the advice of an attorney. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_...Previous Episode:https://youtu.be/OfOuBx6XW3QBlack Hole Playlisthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNaEBbFbvcY&list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_xHow Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Holehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reIAre You a Boltzmann Brain?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhy4Z_32kQoLurking in the depths of the mathematics of Einstein’s general relativity is an object even stranger than the mysterious black hole. In fact it’s the black hole’s mirror twin, the white hole. Some even think that these could be the origin of our universe.Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O’DowdHosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty WardGraphics by Kurt RossAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike PetrowMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangCoolAsCatsDavid NicklasRichard SenegorQuasarTambe BarsbayMax LevineMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturMark RosenthalDean FuquaHypernovaEugene LawsonChuck ZegarJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannJoseph Salomone Martha HuntCraig PetersonBarry HatfieldMatthew O’ConnorThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Scott GossettMark DykstraPeter DurocherMichael KersChris HicksMark VasilePatrick MurraySultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoJared MooreMichal-Peanut KarmiBernardo HigueraErik SteinDaniel LyonsKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcAmy JieAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitShannan CatalanoFlorian StinglmayrYubo DuBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizJessica FraleyLoro LukicBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg Weiss Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Space seems fundamental. To build a universe, surely you need something to build it on or in. Many, maybe most physicists now think that the fabric of space emerges from something deeper. And perhaps the most existentially disturbing such proposal is that our 3-D universe is just the inward projection of an infinitely distant boundary. A hologram, or sorts. Let’s see how that can actually work, and what the holographic principle really says about the “realness” of this universe. Check Out the Holographic Universe Playlist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPKj0YnKANw&list=PLsPUh22kYmNCHVpiXDJyAcRJ8gluQtOJR&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTime PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Sponsors John Sronce Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Mark Rosenthal Quasar Sponsors Glenn Sugden Alex Kern Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Mark Heising Hypernova Sponsors Michael Tidwell Chris Webb David Giltinan Ivari Tölp Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Bradley Voorhees Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков Robert Ilardi John R. Slavik Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner chuck zegar Jordan Young Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Sponsors Jessica M. Kandal Anthony Crossland Grace Seraph Frank Plessers Stephen Saslow Robert DeChellis Tomaz Lovsin Anthony Leon Leonardo Schulthais Senna Lori Ferris Dennis Van Hoof Koen Wilde Nicolas Katsantonis Joe Pavlovic Justin Lloyd Chuck Lukaszewski Cole B Combs Andrea Galvagni Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma John Anderson Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story teng guo Harsh Khandhadia Michael Lev Terje Vold James Trimmier Jeremy Soller Paul Wood Joe Moreira Kent Durham jim bartosh Ramon Nogueira John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Poljar Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Daniel Jennings Russ Creech Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Isaac Suttell Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Frederic Simon John Robinson Jim Hudson David Barnholdt John Funai Adrien Molyneux Bradley Jenkins Amy Hickman Vlad Shipulin Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Dan Warren Joseph Salomone Patrick Sutton Julien Dubois Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

To learn to think like a scientist check out http://Brilliant.org/SpaceTimeUploaded 17-06-19PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACECheck out the new Space Time Merch Store!https://pbsspacetime.com/Support Space Time on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeBlack holes are really only dangerous if you get too close. Ha, who am I kidding. It turns out they may be responsible for ending star formation across the entire universe.Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt O'DowdGraphics by Leonardo ScholzerDirected by Andrew KornhaberProduced By: Kornhaber BrownWhen we first realized that black holes could have masses of millions or even billions of times that of the sun, it came as a bit of a shock. They were discovered as the driving force behind quasars, where matter is heated to extreme incandescence before its plunge into vast black holes. But if that weren’t enough, we soon realized that every single decent-sized galaxy contains such a supermassive black hole. By the beginning of the 21st century it became clear that black holes and the galaxies that contain them are very closely connected. The bigger the galaxy, the bigger its supermassive black hole. That might not sound surprising. What was weird was how closely they were connected. There’s a tight correlation between the mass the central black hole and the mass of the stars in the galactic bulge – that’s the central ball-like part of a spiral galaxy, or the entirety of an elliptical galaxy, and every bulge contains a supermassive black hole around one-one-thousandth its mass. And there’s an even tighter relationship between the black hole mass and the speed that stars are moving in their random orbits within the galactic bulge – the so-called stellar velocity dispersion – which itself depends of the total mass of the galaxy, including dark matter.Big Bang Supporters:Anton LifshitsDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetJustin LloydQuasar Supporters:Mark HeisingMark RosenthalTambe BarsbayVinnie FalcoHypernova Supporters:Chuck ZegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerHank SJohn HofmannJohn R. SlavikJordan YoungJoseph SalomonekkmMark HeisingMatthewMatthew O'ConnorSyed Ansar Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Adrien HatchAlexey EromenkoAndreas NautschBradley JenkinsBrandon LabonteCarlo MogaveroDaniel LyonsDavid BehtalaDFaulkDustan JonesGeoffrey ShortJames FlowersJames QuinteroJohn FunaiJohn PollockJonahJonathan NesfederJoseph DillmanJoseph EmisonJosh ThomasKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark VasileNathan HitchingsNick VirtuePaul RoseRyan JonesScott GossettSigurd Ruud FrivikTim JonesTim StephaniTommy MogensenYurii Konovaliukسلطان الخليفي Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE↓ More info below ↓Uploaded 04-05-20Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeCheck out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://pbsspacetime.com/Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://tinyurl.com/yx9cusk5The universe is precisely 13.8 billion year old - or so our best scientific methods tell us. But how do you learn the age of the universe when there’s no trace left of its beginnings?Hosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Dan Falk and Matt O'DowdGraphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, and Pedro OsinskiDirected by: Andrew KornhaberCamera Operator: Bahaar GholipourExecutive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew KornhaberEnd Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q#space #astrophysics #cosmologySpecial Thanks to our Patreon SupportersBig Bang SupportersAlexander TamasDavid NicklasFabrice EapJuan BenetMorgan HoughRadu NegulescuQuasar SupportersChristina OegrenMark HeisingVinnie FalcoHypernova Supporterschuck zegarDanton SpiveyDonal BotkinEdmund FokschanerHank SJohn HofmannJohn PollockJohn R. SlavikJordan YoungJoseph SalomoneJulian TyackeMathewMatthew O'ConnorMatthew RyanSyed AnsarTimothy McCullochwilliam bryanGamma Ray Burst SupportersA GAdrian HatchAdrien MolyneuxAlecZeroAndreas NautschBradley JenkinsBrandon labonteBrandon LattinBrian BlanchardCraig StonahaDan WarrenDaniel LyonsDavid BethalaDavid HughesDFaulkEric KieblerFrederic SimonGeoffrey ShortGraydon GossGreg SmithJennifer CrosleyJohn FunaiJohn RobinsonJosh ThomasJustin WatersKevin LeeKevin WarneKyle HoferMalte UblMark Daniel CohenMichael ConroyMirik GogriNick VirtueNick WrightNickolas Andrew FreemanPatrick SuttonPaul RoseProtius ProtiusRobert IlardiScott GossettSean WarniahaShane CalimlimSimon OliphantSteve BradshawTatiana VorovchenkoTim StephaniTonyfaceTybie FitzhughYannick WeynsYurii KonovaliukKiersten Thamm Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join two epic livestreams about Theories of Everything! Sign up for prizes, a download link to the videos, and more at http://www.pbsspacetime.com/events. Please subscribe to Brian Keating's YouTube Channel to watch one-on-one interviews with the guest speakers and more: https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating July 28 @ 4pm Eastern (8pm UTC) - What is a Theory of Everything? Moderated by Matt O'Dowd & Brian Keating ​Featuring Max Tegmark, Stephon Alexander, James Beacham In this 90 minute conversation we explore what Theories of Everything really are outside the hype, dig into the essential physics mysteries that compel us to search for one, and survey the major TOE contenders currently being explored by the physics community. August 4 @ 10:30am Eastern (2:30pm UTC) - Theory of Everything Controversies Moderated by Matt O'Dowd & Brian Keating ​Featuring Lee Smolin, Eric Weinstein, Sabine Hossenfelder Existing Theories of Everything have not yet produced experimental evidence that solves the fundamental challenges facing physics. That lack of progress has opened up a sea of controversy, from disagreements about the very necessity of TOEs, to questioning the cost/benefit of mega-billion dollar particle accelerators in search of them, to the emergence of competing TOEs from physicists outside of the academic community. In this 90 minute chat we dive into the existential questions around TOEs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices