Pedal politics: How Toronto’s bike lanes became so divisive

This week on City Space, our team attempts to unravel a few puzzling urban enigmas. Can anything be a street name? Does a patch of grass qualify as a park? What does this unique house reveal about the development of the area? Irene and our producers guide you through different neighborhoods as they try to solve the mini-mysteries that define a city - in this case, Toronto. The hows and whys (or why nots) of urban design and city planning.

If you drive in Toronto you know the name “Gardiner”. The waterfront expressway was named after the man who dominated Toronto politics at a crucial point in its history: Frederick Goldwyn Gardiner, or “Big Daddy” as he was known. In 1953 Gardiner became the first chair of Metropolitan Toronto, a trailblazing experiment in two-tier municipal governance that brought Toronto and 15 surrounding towns together, until full amalgamation in 1998. But Gardiner’s legacy is a complicated one, and his reign left tensions between urban and suburban Toronto baked into the city’s physical fabric and governance. In this episode we look at why, more than 40 years after his death, the City of Toronto is still reckoning with his vision.

Across Canada, more and more First Nations are turning to real estate and housing development as money makers, shaping the future of Canadian cities. This is especially visible in Vancouver with projects like Sen̓áḵw, a development by the Squamish Nation that is set to become one of Canada’s densest neighbourhoods. It’s a project that carries a lot of promise, specifically as a symbol of Indigenous urban development and reconciliation in action. But Sen̓áḵw also comes with its share of controversy, as a development that isn't subject to Vancouver zoning laws because it’s on Squamish land. In this episode, we look at how developments like Sen̓áḵw are forcing municipalities across the country to face some tough questions, like how to square Indigenous sovereignty with city planning and what reconciliation looks like at the local level.

In 1977, a 100-page hand-painted plan for a white, stone, European-style Calgary was discovered in the walls of a garage. The illustrations show a totally different vision for the city, with wide, stone boulevards, artificial lagoons and grand, classical buildings. While the plan was expensive for a frontier town of 80,000 people and was swiftly shelved with the outbreak of the First World War, the beauty of those drawings captured Calgarians' imaginations when they were rediscovered. What if Calgary had been built like Paris, with beauty at its core? What even is “beautiful”? And who gets to decide? In this episode, we’re telling the story of the English gardener Thomas Mawson who wanted to make his colonialist mark on Calgary, and explore how power uses architecture to tell stories.

Is expropriation, or forcing corporations to sell apartments to the government, a way to ease the housing crisis? Berlin seems to think so. In a landmark referendum back in 2021, the majority of Berliners voted ‘yes’ to forced sales, calling for the government to buy 240,000 apartments owned by some of Berlin’s mega landlords - whether they want to sell or not. Some call the strategy “radical” but needed. Others say it’s unconstitutional. But is it a viable solution to Berlin’s housing crisis, and could it work here in Canada? In this episode, we dive into the history behind Berlin’s expropriation campaign and try to figure out if a similar referendum on housing could succeed on this side of the Atlantic.

Study after study shows that bike lanes make roads safer for everyone and have a minimal effect on traffic congestion. Yet, in Canadian cities, they’re not always popular. In Toronto, they’re arguably the most divisive piece of road infrastructure, with the Ontario government introducing a plan to remove bike lanes on three major streets in the city and restrict new ones from being built. In this episode of City Space, we’re looking at Toronto’s complicated history with bike lanes and how they became so political.

The decisions that cities make now - on housing, transit, and development - will shape how we live for decades to come. These aren't just policy issues: they reveal the fundamental debates driving how we live in cities. In the new season of City Space, join host Irene Galea as she examines the divides that shape our urban landscapes, tells the stories behind shifting policies, and speaks with the people who are changing their cities. Up this season: the battle over bike lanes, what we can learn from Berlin’s historic referendum on housing, Canada’s largest Indigenous-led development and more.

Earlier this month, the City Space team met Prime Minister Trudeau for a sit-down interview to get his thoughts on the biggest challenges facing our cities: housing affordability, a labour shortage, population growth and the need for densification. Trudeau and the Federal Liberals unveiled a new housing policy in April of this year, a plan that they say will help solve the housing affordability crisis in Canada. As the prime minister says, the plan is certainly ambitious. It marks a significant departure in the federal government’s approach to housing, one that will require them to be much more direct and hands-on. But what took so long? We’re asking why his government has struggled to make a meaningful difference on housing affordability and availability in this country.

The men’s 2026 FIFA World Cup is coming to Canada. Out of 106 games, Toronto will host just six. The city is facing a bill of $380 million or more for things like security and a stadium expansion. Huge sporting events like this are sold as being good for the hosts, boosting tourism and local business while also leaving a legacy of better transit. So does hosting a successful sporting event mean accelerated city building? What kind of legacy makes hosting worthwhile? We’re asking what Toronto has got itself into, by telling the story of two pivotal Olympic Games hosted in Canada, so that we can see what was good, what was bad and what was a boondoggle.

Canada’s largest Chinatown has been under siege for over a century: first by race riots, then by poverty and most recently by the threat of development. We’re telling the story of why Chinatown, Vancouver, is one of Canada’s most resilient neighbourhoods, forced to evolve and adapt in the face of horrific racism. The future of Chinatowns everywhere should be in the hands of the people who live, work and find community there. So what does the future hold for a neighbourhood constantly in flux?