Space to Grow

Blaine Curcio is the Founder of Orbital Gateway Consulting and a foremost expert on the Chinese space sector. His podcast, Dongfang Hour, provides essential information on the Chinese space program from Chinese sources. Space to Grow’s Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden recently got the opportunity to chat with Blaine and talk about all things space exploration in China.Is the Chinese space program shrouded in mystery, or is this a perception issue in the West? Weeden wanted to know the facts from the cloud of misinformation.“One thing I hear a lot is this assumption that the Chinese government is omnipotent,” Curcio said. “If they say, for example, build us a 5,000 satellite LEO broadband constellation, there’s an impression that will just get done tomorrow, and there are no questions asked; at the end of the day, that’s an oversimplification in the sense that you do have in this system a lot of different competing forces, factions, and entities that have their own interests. And you have incentives that don’t make it that easy.”For the past decade, China’s made a significant investment in space, technology, resources, and funding. And they show no signs of slowing down with ambitious plans over the next several years. They plan to complete the International Lunar Research Station in the next fifteen years. “If we look at plans like that, that seems extremely ambitious,” Curcio said. “And I think the space station has some interesting potential to expand in the medium to long-term.”One difference between the Chinese space program and The United States is the coordination of efforts. The US tends to lead national efforts run by NASA, and China takes a more siloed approach with various companies working with local and provincial governments. Without a top-down coordinated attempt, Curcio said some of China’s plans for space could experience difficulties.

Peter Beck launched Rocket Lab in 2006 in New Zealand. Though his background isn’t traditional, he knew he wanted to build rickets from a young age. He quickly developed international partnerships and expanded with venture capitalists in 2014. Since 2014, the company has doubled in size every year. Today, Rocket Lab has more than a thousand employees. Beck said, “we made quite a few acquisitions last year, and we doubled that way.”Rocket Lab requires the best of the best from its partners, and some of those partnerships have led to acquisitions. After long held relationships, Beck recognized the best in class and grew the Rocket Lab family. With US Headquarters and operating in New Zealand and a couple of other countries, Beck said,  “we’ve been global since day one and we’re used to operating in various hemispheres.” In addition to expecting the best in class, Rocket Lab prioritizes sustainability. The launch company is exploring ways to make their rockets more sustainable, both by decreasing the stage times of the rockets and by transitioning elements into working satellites while in orbit. Beck knows that the entire industry has to adapt to become more sustainable. “There’s technology to sustain space, but it’s better not to get there in the first place,” said Beck.History of space exploration has accumulated dead rockets in orbit. Leaving the upper stages with huge mass in orbit, “is not cool,” said Beck. According to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, “the Earth’s orbital space environment constitutes a finite resource that is being used by an increasing number of States, international intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental entities.” Hence, the focus on transformative elements so that Rocket Lab vehicles can lead the industry in responsible launching.The majority of the work for sustainability has to be done by governments and authorities. “As a launch provider we’re a glorified freight company,” said Beck. It’s a logistical nightmare for regulation to fall onto the freight company. “There’s not cohesive framework there, there has to be a global regulation.” According to the Secure World Foundation, space sustainability requires international cooperation, discussion and agreements designed to ensure that outer space is safe, secure, and peaceful. Addressing increasing complexity of space operations requires international cooperation.

The expanse of space, the wondrous and eerie world that very few individuals have experienced. In this episode, Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden talk to Ellen Stofan, Under Secretary of Science and Research at the Smithsonian, about the future of space exploration in the government and private sectors, the public.Stofan’s career in space was destined when she was four years old and watched a launch of the ATLAS-CENTAUR. Her father was an engineer on the rocket. However, the rocket exploded, and the vast mushroom cloud made four-year-old-Stofan remember the moment forever. The explosion was an unfortunate outcome, and it’s important to remember that a test flight that produces knowledge is not a failure.She said that launches are one of her favorite parts of her job, but to this day, she gets nervous. “It’s an overwhelming feeling when the hardware you worked on is out in space,” chimed in the host, Blackerby. “When we launched our first satellite in March of last year, [it] was so emotional.”Stofan became interested in geology and soon realized that geology and space go hand in hand. Stofan became Chief Scientist at Nasa, where her focus was getting Nasa Data into the hands of people worldwide to help combat climate change.Today, Stofan believes that this decade will be vital in determining the future of space exploration. As private investments into the expanse become the norm, the government will be able to shift its focus to further investigation, like Mars. Determining and applying something like the Leeds Standards [sustainability-focused practices in the building industry] to space building and exploration is necessary to establishing space sustainability. Sustainability will be required, from how space crafts are disposed of to entering and exiting orbit. Since space is a global common, authority is undetermined. The public will play a vital role in ensuring that sustainable practices happen immediately.

The expanse of space, the wondrous and eerie world that very few individuals have experienced. In this episode, Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden talk to Ellen Stofan, Under Secretary of Science and Research at the Smithsonian, about the future of space exploration in the government and private sectors, the public.Stofan’s career in space was destined when she was four years old and watched a launch of the ATLAS-CENTAUR. Her father was an engineer on the rocket. However, the rocket exploded, and the vast mushroom cloud made four-year-old-Stofan remember the moment forever. The explosion was an unfortunate outcome, and it’s important to remember that a test flight that produces knowledge is not a failure.She said that launches are one of her favorite parts of her job, but to this day, she gets nervous. “It’s an overwhelming feeling when the hardware you worked on is out in space,” chimed in the host, Blackerby. “When we launched our first satellite in March of last year, [it] was so emotional.”Stofan became interested in geology and soon realized that geology and space go hand in hand. Stofan became Chief Scientist at Nasa, where her focus was getting Nasa Data into the hands of people worldwide to help combat climate change.Today, Stofan believes that this decade will be vital in determining the future of space exploration. As private investments into the expanse become the norm, the government will be able to shift its focus to further investigation, like Mars. Determining and applying something like the Leeds Standards [sustainability-focused practices in the building industry] to space building and exploration is necessary to establishing space sustainability. Sustainability will be required, from how space crafts are disposed of to entering and exiting orbit. Since space is a global common, authority is undetermined. The public will play a vital role in ensuring that sustainable practices happen immediately.

In this bonus content, hosts Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden sit down to discuss kinetic ASAT tests in space and possible silver-linings that came from the most recent test. The November 2021 Russian ASAT (Anti-Satellite) test shed unprecedented light onto the space community and is estimated to have produced almost 1700 pieces of debris in the 600km range, close to Earth, which was spread throughout other orbital regimes. Not only did this test launch international attention on debris in space, but it reaffirmed uncertainty in operating in space for many private and public space entities. Space debris, or space “junk” as it is commonly referred to, can range from outdated satellites, to tiny fragments of broken up objects, similar to what the Russian ASAT test created. The junk clogs up orbital pathways and can cause unforeseen structural damage to orbiting or launching objects. As such, many companies, including Astroscale have condemned ASAT tests in the industry as irresponsible behavior. While space debris continues to orbit, Blackerby highlighted some silver-linings on the situation, “It’s awareness…when do we see the non-space media and community get in…We had recognition by politicians around the world that this was bad.” Though not catastrophic in the near-term, the test created so much debris that the resulting awareness in the international community can be viewed as a positive aspect, but not one that the space industry wants to repeat as a normative action. On ASAT tests, Weeden was firm that we can not allow this activity to, “live in the space environment.” Space actors can not continue doing these tests and apologizing as if they do not have any future, long-term consequences.“I’m hopeful this will galvanize some sort of ASAT ban,” said Weeden. Given the international attention, the need to get rid of space trash is front and center and a ban on ASAT tests will help keep space accessible to all.

In this bonus content, hosts Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden sit down to discuss kinetic ASAT tests in space and possible silver-linings that came from the most recent test. The November 2021 Russian ASAT (Anti-Satellite) test shed unprecedented light onto the space community and is estimated to have produced almost 1700 pieces of debris in the 600km range, close to Earth, which was spread throughout other orbital regimes. Not only did this test launch international attention on debris in space, but it reaffirmed uncertainty in operating in space for many private and public space entities. Space debris, or space “junk” as it is commonly referred to, can range from outdated satellites, to tiny fragments of broken up objects, similar to what the Russian ASAT test created. The junk clogs up orbital pathways and can cause unforeseen structural damage to orbiting or launching objects. As such, many companies, including Astroscale have condemned ASAT tests in the industry as irresponsible behavior. While space debris continues to orbit, Blackerby highlighted some silver-linings on the situation, “It’s awareness…when do we see the non-space media and community get in…We had recognition by politicians around the world that this was bad.” Though not catastrophic in the near-term, the test created so much debris that the resulting awareness in the international community can be viewed as a positive aspect, but not one that the space industry wants to repeat as a normative action. On ASAT tests, Weeden was firm that we can not allow this activity to, “live in the space environment.” Space actors can not continue doing these tests and apologizing as if they do not have any future, long-term consequences.“I’m hopeful this will galvanize some sort of ASAT ban,” said Weeden. Given the international attention, the need to get rid of space trash is front and center and a ban on ASAT tests will help keep space accessible to all.

Bhavya Lal, Associate Administrator for Technology, Policy, and Strategy at NASA, joined Hosts Charity Weeden and Chris Blackerby to discuss the transition to her role at NASA.As a former employee at the Institute for Defense Analysis and the Science and Technology Institute, Lal switched from research to management. “I’m really blessed with the leadership at NASA,” she said of her role.Lal grew up in a STEM family; her father was an electrical engineer and her mother studied math. “The idea that one could be gifted was never even brought up. You did well in school because you worked hard, not because you were smart or had some advantage,” Lal said of her upbringing. “I’ve found the idea that hard work can overcome any disadvantages to be my superpower.”Daily, Lal has 10 to 15 meetings, which makes for long hours. She works closely with the National Space Council, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Federal Aviation Administration. She has found some of the hardest things in society are not technical but are policy-based and must be examined wholistically with a long-term view.Governments and individuals or businesses are the space industry customers. However, not many individuals and businesses cannot afford services, so Lal believes the government should kickstart certain programs and then private customers will emerge. “Let’s not have this mad dash to discovering a private market that may not already exist. Let’s work to build it,” she said.In terms of diversity, Lal emphasized the importance of the fields individuals come from. “There’s a myriad of examples of how disruptive thinking comes from the outside,” she stated. “Our innovations will come from diverse thoughts, not trying to repeat what we’ve done before."

On the Space to Grow podcast, Astroscale’s Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden bring their compelling experience and expertise to map out the technology, international policy, and scalability that will define the next generation of space exploration.In this episode, Kevin O’Connell discussed his career in government that led to his present business of informing and defining space commerce as a consultant for companies throughout the globe. As founder and CEO of Space Economy Rising, LLC, O’Connell speaks to the past and future of space commerce. With decades of experience working within government institutions, including the White House as well as speaking before US Congress committees on a variety of issues, O’Connell is uniquely positioned to provide insight into an industry that is both elusive and relevant.When asked about his transition to the private sector, O’Connell spoke to his decision as follows:“We've had a lot of folks talk to us over the last few years to say hey Kevin you just have to slow this all down. You have to slow all of this work down, especially in lower earth orbit. And, our view was that we looked very hard for data driven approaches to regulation we were going to regulate. What would be the analytic basis upon which we would do it.We worked with the FCC when they issued their orbital debris mitigation guidelines to say okay what pieces of this rule are supported by what kinds of evidence. And, in a lot of cases there was a lot of wishful thinking but there wasn't a lot of data rigorously collected to support that. And I would say that regulation that is uninformed and just based on wishful thinking can really do tremendous damage to an industry. So, you have to think about it that way. I think you do.”This intriguing podcast goes on to explore O’Connell’s transition out of government and to what he is doing now in the private sector as well as what lessons he is bringing forward into his present business.Of the many hats O’Connell wears, the most significant of his present contributions is in the field of space economy. This includes advising companies onSpace IndustryTechnologySpace finance communityBasics that must be done as an early-stage company in this fieldCompetitorsOrbital debris mitigation strategiesCyber security strategiesInvestment Risk ManagementAnd much more.

On the Space to Grow podcast, Astroscale’s Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden bring their compelling experience and expertise to map out the technology, international policy, and scalability that will define the next generation of space exploration.In this episode, Kevin O’Connell discussed his career in government that led to his present business of informing and defining space commerce as a consultant for companies throughout the globe. As founder and CEO of Space Economy Rising, LLC, O’Connell speaks to the past and future of space commerce. With decades of experience working within government institutions, including the White House as well as speaking before US Congress committees on a variety of issues, O’Connell is uniquely positioned to provide insight into an industry that is both elusive and relevant.When asked about his transition to the private sector, O’Connell spoke to his decision as follows:“We've had a lot of folks talk to us over the last few years to say hey Kevin you just have to slow this all down. You have to slow all of this work down, especially in lower earth orbit. And, our view was that we looked very hard for data driven approaches to regulation we were going to regulate. What would be the analytic basis upon which we would do it.We worked with the FCC when they issued their orbital debris mitigation guidelines to say okay what pieces of this rule are supported by what kinds of evidence. And, in a lot of cases there was a lot of wishful thinking but there wasn't a lot of data rigorously collected to support that. And I would say that regulation that is uninformed and just based on wishful thinking can really do tremendous damage to an industry. So, you have to think about it that way. I think you do.”This intriguing podcast goes on to explore O’Connell’s transition out of government and to what he is doing now in the private sector as well as what lessons he is bringing forward into his present business.Of the many hats O’Connell wears, the most significant of his present contributions is in the field of space economy. This includes advising companies onSpace IndustryTechnologySpace finance communityBasics that must be done as an early-stage company in this fieldCompetitorsOrbital debris mitigation strategiesCyber security strategiesInvestment Risk ManagementAnd much more.Tune in to learn from this renowned expert as the discussion covers everything from how he got to where he is to what he envisions for the future of space economy.More in This SeriesThis Season’s Mission Will Be Making Space Relatable

Space to Grow is back for a second season with hosts Chris Blackerby and Charity Weeden from Astroscale. It’s where economics, technology and sustainability in space intersect. In the opening episode, Blackerby and Weeden take a look back and forward regarding the space economy.“We’re going to focus a lot on partnerships as a dedicated theme of conversations, as they are driving the space economy,” Blackerby said.Since space exploration and sustainability are such complex initiatives, partnerships are critical.Blackerby and Weeden shared some big moments in space from the last year. “Even with COVID, it was an incredible year for space,” Blackerby noted.Weeden’s top moment was humanity in space. “Private citizens went into space. That’s a first, and everyone can relate to that.”While that was a pivotal moment, others demonstrated risks and challenges, spawning from geopolitical impacts on Earth. One of those is the Russian ASAT (anti-satellite weapon) tests.Turning back to good news that demonstrates cooperation and collaboration, the James Webb Space Telescope launched through a partnership between the U.S. and Europe. Weeden relayed that the investment in the space economy isn’t slowing in other good news. It’s actually growing.The hosts then provided a preview of what’s to come this season. They’ll welcome a diverse group of guests from around the world. Topics will range from business to policy to technology.Weeden also announced a new segment Space to Grow After Hours. “We’ll be debating topics with the pros and cons in this extra content,” she described.