RTP's Fourth Branch Podcast

What are the effects of AI on the already contentious debate concerning age verification technology? An illustrious panel of experts sit down to discuss the issues surrounding these breakthrough innovations and the effect on children in a technological world.Featuring:Graham Dufault, General Counsel, ACT | The App AssociationJennifer Huddleston, Senior Fellow in Technology Policy, Cato InstituteClare Morell, Fellow, Ethics & Public Policy Center(Moderator) Prof. Kevin Frazier, AI Innovation and Law Fellow at the University of Texas School of Law; adjunct Research Fellow at the Cato Institute

Join tech and legal experts Prof. Kevin Frazier (University of Texas School of Law), Neil Chilson (Abundance Institute), and Charlie Bullock (Institute for Law & AI) for a breakdown of AI legal policy and regulatory developments in 2025 at the state, federal and executive levels, and the future of AI policy in 2026.

What waters are considered “waters of the United States” or WOTUS under the Clean Water Act (CWA)? This question is critical because it determines which waters are regulated under the statute. The EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have struggled to develop a definition that can pass legal muster, in large part because they have tried to regulate waters that go beyond their statutory authority. For many years, the courts didn’t provide clarity either. But in 2023, the US Supreme Court in Sackett v. EPA specified what waters are regulated, including to what extent wetlands are covered.Currently, a new proposed WOTUS rule is being reviewed by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. What should the rule include and what is required for the rule to be consistent with Sackett? The Competitive Enterprise Institute’s Daren Bakst discusses this important issue with Charles Yates, an attorney at the Pacific Legal Foundation who was on the litigation team that represented Chantel and Michael Sacket before the US Supreme Court.

Startups often struggle to balance financial constraints with the pursuit of innovation, raising questions about how they can effectively advocate for themselves within the tech industry. In Washington, D.C. and abroad, various organizations promote the growth of smaller innovators, yet many "little tech" firms still face challenges meeting regulatory requirements. How do regulatory frameworks affect smaller innovators and their ability to compete? What balance should be struck between oversight and innovation? How can policymakers incentivize little tech companies without creating a disadvantage for Big Tech firms or consumers?Join the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and host Prof. Kevin Frazier for an in-depth discussion of the “Little Tech Agenda” with special guest Kate Tummarello at Engine | Advocacy & Foundation.

Over the past 30 years, the United States has experienced rapid technological change. Yet in recent years, innovation appears to have plateaued. The iPhone of four years ago is nearly identical to today’s model, and the internet has changed little over the same period. Little tech companies play a significant role in generating new ideas and technological development. In this episode, experts discuss the financial gains and risks of incentivising little tech innovation and offer policy recommendations that encourage investment in the "littlest tech" firms to drive future breakthroughs.Join the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and host Prof. Kevin Frazier for an in-depth discussion of the “Little Tech Agenda” with special guest Dave Karpf, Associate Professor at the George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs.

“Starting small, but aspiring to grow” defines the little tech agenda. Big Tech companies often depend on smaller innovators for key components of manufacturing and new technologies. With this dependence on little tech, what are the “gaps” in its agenda? The U.S. has technological capital waiting to be unlocked by small innovators. What steps can be taken to address this gap and channel little tech's efforts towards our national interests? Can we strike a balance between Big Tech and little tech to further the goals of the United States’ technological development?Join the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and host Prof. Kevin Frazier for an in-depth discussion of the “Little Tech Agenda” with special guest Sam Hammond, Foundation of American Innovation.

What priorities should shape U.S. innovation policy at the national level? Historically, the federal government has adopted a "light touch" approach, with legislation often focused on reducing barriers so that smaller entrepreneurs can prioritize innovation over regulatory compliance. Big tech companies often hold a competitive advantage including resources, capital, and political influence that small-scale entrepreneurs lack. How can policymakers design legislation that ensures fair competition between Big Tech and little tech? Do acquisitions of little tech companies by Big tech promote innovation or constrain the development of emerging ideas? How can policymakers foster innovation for smaller scale initiatives through legislation, competition regulation, and support for emerging firms?Join the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and host Prof. Kevin Frazier for an in-depth discussion of the “Little Tech Agenda” with special guest Jennifer Huddleston, Senior Fellow in Technology Policy at the Cato Institute.

Over the past 25 years, the rapid growth of Big Tech has raised questions about competition, innovation, and the ability of smaller startups to thrive. At the same time, regulatory approaches can create uncertainty that affects entrepreneurs in different ways. With Congress hesitant to act decisively, the debate continues: how can policymakers strike a balance that encourages innovation, ensures fair competition, and protects consumers? And when it comes to regulation should the path forward involve more, or less?Join the Federalist Society's Regulatory Transparency Project for the 2nd episode of Law for Little Tech series, featuring special guest Samuel Levine, Senior Fellow at the Berkeley Center for Consumer Law & Economic Justice and led by host Professor Kevin Frazier, AI Innovation & Law Fellow at the University of Texas School of Law.

Smaller, advanced technology entrepreneurs are increasingly shaping the U.S. innovation landscape through what some have called the “Little Tech Agenda.” But what exactly is this agenda, and how might it influence policy debates moving forward?America has long celebrated small-scale innovators, yet questions remain about how regulatory frameworks can support entrepreneurship without stifling growth. Some policymakers argue that new parameters are needed to govern emerging technologies, while others caution that overregulation could hinder the nation’s competitive edge in the global power struggle. If “Little Tech” is critical to America’s future, how far should the United States go to defend and promote its development?Join the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and host Prof. Kevin Frazier for an in-depth discussion of the “Little Tech Agenda” with special guest Collin McCune, Head of Government Affairs at Andreessen Horowitz.

On July 1st, 2025, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) released three proposed regulatory changes, two of which would have significant implications for federal contractor’s legal obligations surrounding affirmative action and disability inclusion. In this episode, experts discuss the history of both the OFCCP and the now revoked Executive order 11246, the scope of the recently proposed regulatory changes, and the potential implications of these changes. Featuring:Brett Swearingen, Senior Counsel, Miller Johnson(Moderator) Linda Chavez, Chairman, Center for Equal Opportunity