Understanding turbulence in the lower atmosphere above West Africa

Science diplomacy, meaning the use of scientific collaboration to strengthen international relations and address shared global challenges, has long been hailed as a force for good. Yet, as Dr. Rasha Bayoumi of the University of Birmingham Dubai and her colleagues argue in their Editorial for a special issue in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, this optimism often masks uncomfortable realities. The practice of science diplomacy has too often reproduced the very inequalities it aims to dismantle, operating within frameworks that privilege powerful nations and institutions while marginalizing voices from the Global South.

Professor Michael Saward from the University of Warwick examines how Tate Liverpool's Democracies exhibition used curatorial methods to explore democracy in ways that fundamentally differ from traditional academic approaches. By analyzing several artworks displayed between 2020 and 2023, and how the exhibition was presented by the gallery, Saward reveals how art galleries can generate knowledge, challenging democratic theorists to reconsider their methodologies and pay greater attention to embodiment, visceral experiences, and situated actions.

Across the world, scientists are still trying to answer one of medicine’s most difficult questions: how can we safely and effectively treat brain cancers such as glioma? Despite decades of effort, outcomes for people diagnosed with high-grade glioma remain bleak. Current treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, can slow the disease, but rarely stop it. The GlioLighT consortium, a multidisciplinary European research team funded by the European Innovation Council, has come together to explore a novel approach based on direct light therapy. Being in a very early stage, the project doesn’t promise an immediate cure; instead, it sets out to answer a very fundamental question: can light itself trigger biological processes that might form the basis of a safe and targeted brain tumor therapy?

For centuries, malaria has been one of the deadliest diseases on the planet. Nearly half of the world remains at risk of malaria with more than half a million deaths each year, most of them in children. While some progress has been made in controlling malaria and developing a vaccine, this has stalled recently, with a growing number of deaths since 2019. At the heart of the challenge is the lack of non-invasive and rapid diagnostic technologies for malaria, which are urgently needed, especially in remote or low-resource areas with limited healthcare infrastructure. Happily, a new frontier in medical technology is offering hope, in the form of the Cytophone, a revolutionary device that can detect malaria through the skin without drawing a single drop of blood. This innovation, developed by a team led by Prof. Vladimir Zharov at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and licensed to Cytoastra for further commercialization, represents a leap forward not just in malaria diagnostics, but in how we might monitor disease altogether.

Modern environmental science faces a curious paradox. We have more data than ever, but less certainty. For scientists, policymakers, and the public alike, the sheer volume of studies, each with its own assumptions, experimental conditions, and interpretations, can be overwhelming. Which studies are trustworthy? Which deserve more weight when making decisions about environmental safety? This question has haunted environmental toxicologists who were trying to determine whether pesticides were harming pollinators such as honeybees. Some studies could show significant impacts while others may show minimal effects. Such inconsistencies can fuel the debate over insecticides like neonicotinoids and lead to public confusion. To address this, Professor Keith Solomon, an environmental toxicologist at the University of Guelph, and colleagues set out to bring structure and clarity to the field. Their goal was not to silence debate, but to create a rigorous, transparent, and quantitative framework for evaluating scientific evidence. The result was a methodology called the Quantitative Weight of Evidence, or QWoE.

West Africa’s climate is constantly being shaped by interactions between the ground and the lower atmosphere, where instabilities can give rise to unpredictable turbulence. Guided by extensive weather observations, a team led by Dr. Ossénatou Mamadou at the University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, has gained important insights into when and how these instabilities occur, and how well they can be predicted by existing theories. Their findings could help climatologists improve weather forecasts in the region and better understand how West Africa might respond to a changing climate.

In the United States, families that cross racial lines often attract admiration and curiosity. Such families are increasingly common, and they are seen by many as living proof that love conquers prejudice, and that the country is moving beyond its painful racial past. When a white mother cradles her brown-skinned baby, or a Black father teaches his lighter-skinned daughter to ride a bike, the image seems to embody progress and racial harmony. But as Professor Chandra Waring of the University of Massachusetts Lowell shows in her 2025 study, the story is far more complicated. Her article, titled “My Dad Is Racist as Hell: Navigating Racism, Monoracism, and White Privilege by Proxy in Multiracial Families,” reveals what really happens inside many multiracial households. Through interviews with 30 multiracial Americans, Waring reveals that love does not necessarily cancel racism. In fact, racism, and its quieter cousin, monoracism, often lives right inside these families.

For more than half a century, lithium has been one of the most reliable treatments for bipolar disorder. It has given countless people the ability to stabilize their moods and reclaim lives otherwise disrupted by cycles of mania and depression. But lithium comes with inherent risk: its therapeutic range is narrow, which means that the difference between a helpful dose and a harmful one is surprisingly small. Too much lithium in the body can lead to a cascade of health problems, including neurological confusion, tremors, kidney dysfunction, and, though much less well known, potentially dangerous effects on the heart. In a recent publication, Dr. Jeffrey Curran Henson of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and colleagues, shed light on one of lithium’s most alarming but underappreciated risks: its ability to disrupt the heart’s natural pacemaker, the sinus node. Their case study and systematic review tell the story of a patient whose life was threatened not by the mental illness she had long managed, but by the very medication that had allowed her to manage it. And in that story, the researchers also describe a novel way out: a treatment that avoided the need for invasive procedures and could reshape how we think about emergency care for lithium-related heart complications.

Penelope J. Corfield’s groundbreaking book, entitled Time-Space: We Are All in It Together, presents a multidimensional framework for understanding how humans exist within the cosmic continuum of time and space. Corfield agrees with the modern scientific consensus post-Einstein, where time is understood not as a separate dimension but as being integrally yoked with space. Together, time and space form one dynamic system, which shapes all of existence. But Corfield argues that the continuum should properly be named time-space rather than spacetime, because time is the dynamo and space is its physical manifestation. The book then explores how this great time-space continuum frames the entire cosmos, including all human existence and our collective journey through history.

Research from Professor Dr Susanne Maria Maurer, former chair of social pedagogy at the Philipps-Universität Marburg, reveals how social work institutions and practices serve as repositories of knowledge about historical struggles over class, gender, and race. She conceptualizes social work as both a "memory of conflicts" and an "open archive" that holds different answers to social problems from across history. Her work shows that to truly understand social work today we need to look at the ideas that were pushed aside and the ongoing debates that still shape how social workers do their jobs.