Free Nursing Pharmacology Review Course – Pharmacokinetics – Section 1.4

Medication calculations are a foundational nursing skill—and one of the most critical for patient safety. From weight-based dosing and IV drip rates to unit conversions and dose adjustments, small calculation errors can have serious consequences. In this episode, we’ll break down medication calculations in nursing pharmacology with a clear, practical approach focused on real clinical scenarios. Whether you’re building confidence, brushing up for exams, or double-checking bedside math, this discussion reinforces why accuracy, consistency, and critical thinking matter every time a medication is calculated. Your support helps me provide more free resources like this! Consider supporting and getting more amazing pharmacology content! Head on over to meded101.com/nurse

The route of administration can change everything about how a medication works—from how fast it takes effect to how safe and effective it is for a specific patient. For nurses, choosing and administering the correct route is a critical clinical responsibility that directly affects outcomes. In this episode, we’ll explore common routes of administration in nursing pharmacology, including oral, IV, subcutaneous, topical, and inhaled therapies. We’ll discuss when and why certain routes are preferred, common pitfalls to avoid, and how nursing judgment plays a key role in safe medication delivery. Your support helps me provide more free resources like this! Consider supporting and getting more amazing pharmacology content! Head on over to meded101.com/nurse

Dosage forms are more than just pills and injections—they directly impact how medications work, how quickly they act, and how safely they’re used. For nurses, understanding the differences between tablets, liquids, injectables, patches, and modified-release products is critical to proper administration and patient education. In this episode, we’ll explore common dosage forms in nursing pharmacology, why they matter, and how choosing—or administering—the wrong form can lead to errors or reduced effectiveness. This discussion connects dosage form basics to real bedside decisions nurses make every day. Your support helps me provide more free resources like this! Consider supporting and getting more amazing pharmacology content! Head on over to meded101.com/nurse

Pharmacokinetics explains what the body does to a medication—and for nurses, it’s essential to understanding how and why drugs work differently from one patient to the next. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion all influence onset, duration, and safety of therapy at the bedside. In this episode, we’ll break down pharmacokinetics with a nursing lens, tying key concepts to real-world scenarios like renal impairment, IV versus oral dosing, and timing of medication administration. The goal is to make pharmacokinetics practical, approachable, and directly relevant to everyday nursing care. Your support helps me provide more free resources like this! Consider supporting and getting more amazing pharmacology content! Head on over to meded101.com/nurse

This is section 1.3 of the nearly 20-hour Nursing Pharmacology Review Course from Meded101! Enjoy! Pharmacodynamics is the “why” behind what medications do in the body—and for nurses, understanding it is key to safe and effective patient care. From receptor binding and dose–response relationships to therapeutic effects and adverse reactions, pharmacodynamics helps explain how medications produce both benefit and harm. In this episode, we’ll break down pharmacodynamics in a practical, nurse-focused way, connecting core concepts to real bedside decisions. Whether you’re titrating a medication, monitoring for side effects, or educating patients, this discussion will help you see how pharmacodynamics guides everyday nursing practice. Find access to the review course at meded101.com/nurse

This is section 1.2 of the Nursing Pharmacology Review Course From Meded101. Every medication decision carries ethical weight, and nurses are often at the center of those moments. From advocating for patient autonomy and informed consent to navigating high-risk medications, resource limitations, and end-of-life care, nurses face ethical challenges in pharmacology every day. In this episode, we’ll explore the ethical considerations that shape nursing pharmacology practice, including safety, accountability, equity, and professional judgment. Find access to the review course at meded101.com/nurse

This is section 1.1 of the Nursing Pharmacology Review Course From Meded101. Medication management is one of the most powerful ways nurses influence patient outcomes—often in ways that go unseen. From administering medications at the bedside to identifying adverse effects, preventing errors, and advocating for safer therapy, nurses are the final safeguard in the medication-use process. In this episode, we’ll explore the critical role nurses play in medication management, including how clinical judgment, patient education, and interprofessional communication come together to improve safety and effectiveness. Whether you’re a bedside nurse, nurse leader, or student, this conversation highlights why nursing insight is essential to getting medications right. Find access to the review course at meded101.com/nurse

Welcome to today’s episode, where we’re diving into the world of nitrate medications—one of the cornerstone therapies in cardiovascular care. Whether you’re a pharmacist, nurse, med student, or just curious about how medications keep the heart happy, nitrates are fascinating because of their unique mechanism and versatile clinical uses. Nitrates work by releasing nitric oxide, a powerful molecule that relaxes smooth muscle and dilates blood vessels. This vasodilation primarily reduces venous return to the heart, lowering preload and myocardial oxygen demand, and at higher doses, can also decrease afterload. For patients with angina, this means less chest pain, improved exercise tolerance, and better quality of life. In this episode, we’ll cover the most commonly used nitrates—from sublingual nitroglycerin for rapid relief of acute angina, to isosorbide dinitrate and mononitrate for chronic management. We’ll discuss how their formulations, onset, and duration of action affect clinical use, and why concepts like tolerance and nitrate-free intervals are critical to understand. We’ll also explore important drug interactions, including why combining nitrates with PDE5 inhibitors can be dangerous, and highlight practical tips for patient counseling and monitoring. By the end of this episode, you’ll have a clear picture of how and when nitrates are used, and the key pearls every clinician should know to maximize benefit while minimizing risk. So whether you’re reviewing for boards, prepping for clinical rotations, or just brushing up on cardiovascular pharmacology, stay tuned—we’re about to break down nitrates in a way that’s simple, practical, and memorable. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that enhances the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. Clinically, this results in anxiolytic, sedative, muscle-relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects. After oral administration, alprazolam is rapidly absorbed, with onset of action typically within 30–60 minutes. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism primarily via CYP3A4 to inactive metabolites, and has an elimination half-life of approximately 11 hours, which may be prolonged in elderly patients or those with hepatic impairment. Common adverse effects include sedation, dizziness, impaired coordination, and cognitive slowing. More serious risks include respiratory depression, especially when combined with opioids, alcohol, or other CNS depressants. Clinically, alprazolam should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided; gradual tapering is essential to reduce withdrawal risk. It is a controlled substance that carries the risk of addiction and dependence. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Pimavanserin is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis. Unlike traditional antipsychotics, it does not block dopamine receptors, making it a unique option for patients with Parkinson’s disease who are highly sensitive to dopamine antagonism. Mechanism of Action Pimavanserin works primarily as a selective serotonin 5-HT2A inverse agonist and antagonist, with minor activity at 5-HT2C receptors. This dopamine-sparing effect is the key reason it does not worsen motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Adverse Effects The most commonly reported side effects include peripheral edema, nausea, confusion, and hallucinations. QT interval prolongation is a clinically important concern, especially in patients with existing cardiac risk factors. Somnolence may occur but is generally less prominent compared with dopamine-blocking antipsychotics. Warnings and Precautions Pimavanserin carries a boxed warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis, consistent with other antipsychotics. It should not be used in patients with known QT prolongation, a history of ventricular arrhythmias, or in combination with other QT-prolonging agents when possible. Drug Interactions Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as ketoconazole or clarithromycin, can significantly increase pimavanserin concentrations and require dose reduction. Strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampin or carbamazepine, may reduce efficacy and should generally be avoided. Additive QT prolongation may occur when combined with other QT-prolonging medications, including certain antiarrhythmics, fluoroquinolones, and macrolide antibiotics. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101