Michael Levin & Richard Nuccitelli | History of Bioelectricity & Solving Cancer

This is the first of several interviews Michael Levin and I will do with significant people in the history of developmental bioelectricity. Richard Nuccitelli is a legend, having invented (with Lionel Jaffe, in 1974) the Vibrating Probe - a technique that allowed the non-invasive sensing of ion currents around living tissues. This is about a ~1 hour conversation in which he talks about his background, the history of the field, and his current clinical work on the bioelectrics of cancer. Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/rnuccitelli Find me: https://twitter.com/aasthajs BACKGROUND: In 2022, I interviewed Dr. Michael Levin on his work on bioelectricity in cells and how that has the potential to solve cancer and aging. Since then, Mike has also appeared on Lex Fridman and many other podcasts talking about his revolutionary work. Amongst all the podcasts I did, Mike’s work struck me as profound yet underappreciated. The field of biology has focused on the DNA and the relevance of the electric currents in our cells is not appreciated. Yes, the electrical energy powering our cells is what keeps us alive! Earlier this year, I decided to dive deeper into bioelectricity. I’m starting by exploring the history of the field in conjunction with Michael Levin. We’re doing a series of interviews talking to scientists in the field to understand the origins of the field, bottlenecks, progress so far, and what the future could look like. Today's interview is the first in the series with Dr. Richard Nuccitelli. TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 Intro to History of Bioelectricity Series 1:09 How Rich got interested in bioelectricity 4:34 Bioelectrics didn't make it to biology literature 7:55 Vibrating probe use cases 10:20 Bioelectrics in 1970s 13:37 Why is bioelectrics underrated? 22:50 Field progression 29:02 Ultra high voltage in treating cancer 39:00 Understanding significance of bioelectrics from 1900s 44:40 Working with Lionel Jaffe 50:27 How Mike entered bioelectrics 54:02 Criticism received by bioelectrics? 57:04 Missing technology to advance bioelectrics 1:00:52 Electrical patterns in cells with age 1:03:12 Image of electrics in organisms AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs Michael Levin: https://twitter.com/drmichaellevin Richard Nuccitelli: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nuccitelli/ Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/rnuccitelli Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8?si=WrQ_iI8ABbG6eibm

Dr. Mikkael Sekeres is the author of the book The Drugs and FDA. He served as the chair of the Oncology Drugs Advisory Committee of the FDA, and was on the jury for the controversial trial of the breast cancer drug Avastin. We discuss: - The history of the FDA, - The trial of Avastin which got FDA approval in 2008 and revoked in 2011 - FDA's funding mechanisms - FDA ties to big pharma - What can be improved about the FDA and the criticisms it receives Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/msekeres TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 Surprising finding about the FDA 2:38 Why did the FDA get established in 1938? 11:48 1962 turning point in the FDA & Thalidomide 19:57 Kennedy’s efficacy act on drugs approval 25:40 FDA’s accelerated approval; HIV & AIDS 33:23 Avastin breast cancer drug controversy 41:13 Why was Avastin trial contentious? 45:23 Genentech’s argument 50:00 Media reaction 53:21 FDA funded by big pharma 56:39 FDA vs. patient activist groups 59:50 Opioid crisis 1:03:30 Does the FDA go against advisory committee? CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs DR. MIKKAEL SEKERES LINKS: Website: https://www.mikkaelsekeres.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/MikkaelSekeres Book: https://www.amazon.com/Drugs-FDA-Safety-Efficacy-Publics/dp/0262047314 If you enjoyed the episode, please share it and leave a rating. Best, Aastha.

Dr. Jennifer Garrison is a an Assistant professor at the Buck Institute for research on aging where she studies women's reproductive aging. In today’s conversation we discussed menopause and it’s effect on women’s health, hormone replacement therapy, and how increasing the number of quality eggs a woman has at age 40 by just 1% can be a game changer. Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/jgarrison Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs DR. JENNIFER GARRISON LINKS: Lab: http://garrisonlab.com/ Donate to her research: https://gcrle.org/ CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 1:38 Jennifer Garrison Intro 2:32 Ovarian aging & health risks 5:23 Progression of Ovarian aging 8:49 Menopause and negative health effects 10:34 Hypothalamus & Mind body communication 14:40 Reproductive & Equality Initiatives 18:21 Biological Clock for Reproductive aging 20:20 Tweaking hormonal cues 22:07 Number of eggs vs. Quality of eggs 25:00 Genetics in ovarian aging 26:21 Understanding family history 27:39 Evolutionary benefit to Menopause? 32:33 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) & its benefits 38:28 Narrow window for HRT 40:08 Perimenopause 42:56 Women’s health funding 45:14 Average age girls start menstruating is declining 49:10 PCOS 52:42 Athletes and irregular cycles 56:36 Individualized menopause symptoms 1:00:38 Exercise and ovarian aging 1:02:00 Support Jennifer's work Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.com/p/jgarrison POPULAR EPSIODES: - Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA - Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg - Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 - Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 - Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

Dr. Geoffrey West is the author of the bestselling book Scale, the Universal Laws of Life Growth and Death in Organisms, cities and Companies. He is a physicist who got fascinated by the field of aging and longevity and asked the question of why we live as long as we do and no longer. In today's episode, we dive into his research on the scaling laws in biology and longevity. Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/gwest Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajs DR. GEOFFREY WEST LINKS: Profile: https://www.santafe.edu/people/profile/geoffrey-west Book: https://amzn.to/3Xtl7wU CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Twitter: ⁠https://twitter.com/aasthajs Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajs/ Airchat: https://www.getairchat.com/aasthajs TIMESTAMPS: 1:35 Context on Dr. West's book Scale 9:00 Networks in biology & cities 22:50 Scaling laws in longevity 32:33 Upper limit to human age? 39:08 Quantifying Caloric restriction 41:52 Metabolism & Body temperature 49:05 Scaling laws in age-related damage 56:35 Scaling body sizes across species 1:01:38 Scaling laws in drug dosage (LSD & Elephants) 1:11:06 Drug dosage in children (Tylenol & babies) 1:13:44 Vaccine dosage scaling laws 1:17:51 Sleep & Aging in different organisms 1:31:22 Early stimulation for child development 1:36:35 Fasting, meal frequency & digestive time 1:39:10 Sleep demands with work & physical activity 1:43:40: Scaling laws in cities, companies & universities 2:02:00 Outro POPULAR EPSIODES: Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Transcript: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/saustad  Dr. Steven Austad is a professor in the Healthy Aging department at the University of Alabama and also scientific director of the American Federation for Aging research. He has a fascinating entry into the world of aging research - it all began with training lions!    There are many open questions on the caloric restriction research for enhancing longevity and we dive into that. Further, a lot of Dr. Austad’s work focuses on what long-lived animal species can teach us about living longer and healthier lives. His lab works on exotic species, like clams that live more than 500 years, and hydra that don’t age at all, in order to discover aging treatments. He also tries to uncover the mysteries around why men and women respond differently to longevity therapeutics.    Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz  DR. STEVEN AUSTAD LINKS:  Website: https://www.stevenaustad.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/StevenAustad Faculty page: https://www.uab.edu/cas/biology/people/faculty/steven-n-austad  CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajz/  TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Training lions  7:15 Learning from Long-lived species  9:55 Bowhead whales live 200 years  12:55 House sparrows & longevity  14:40 Study "successful" animals  18:10 Naked Mole Rats  20:45 What do bowhead whales die from?  26:05 Why do ocean animals live longest?  31:05 Beyond Caloric Restriction  36:00 Intermittent Fasting & Circadian Rhythm  42:40 Caloric Restriction for Healthy people?  46:24 Will coffee shorten your life?  49:43 The Blue Zone Myth  55:50 Young Blood, I can't get you of out my Mind  1:00:26 Hormones & Health (Growth Hormones for longevity?)  1:05:18 Sex differences in longevity  Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/saustad  POPULAR EPSIODES:  - Richard Miller on Longevity Supplements: https://youtu.be/42PzfNs9egA - Matt Kaeberlein on Rapamycin: https://youtu.be/BL67DhNepfg - Michael Levin on Bioelectric Signals for Longevity: https://youtu.be/XboYI_wxDr8 - Nir Barzilai on Metformin & Centenarians: https://youtu.be/YlkBE8N7sl8 - Morgan Levine on Epigenetic Clocks: https://youtu.be/am3YKiTpCHo  Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member.  Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.  

All platforms / Episode Transcript & Timestamps: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom2 Dr. Dom D’Agostino may require no introduction especially in the world of ketosis! He is an Associate Professor with his research focusing on metabolic therapies, ketogenic diets, ketone supplements, and other metabolic based drugs. He is also a research scientist at the Institute of Human and Machine Cognition.   This is Part 2 of a 2 part conversation with Dom. He has so much knowledge to share and in this episode we dive into the ketogenic diet for exercise performance, keto for women & children, Dom's diet & supplement routine + more! Hope you enjoy the episode! Part 1 with Dom on Ketogenic diets for Brain Health and Longevity: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1 Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD: Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld DOM D'AGOSTINO LINKS: KetoNutrition: https://ketonutrition.org/ Website: https://linktr.ee/Domdagostino Twitter: https://twitter.com/DominicDAgosti2 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD: Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/aasthajz Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aasthajz/ TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 Ketogenic diet for muscle performance  0:50 Dom’s supplements & modified keto diet  3:20 Keto, NAD+, NMN 7:12 Biomarkers tracked by Dom  9:30 LDL, Triglycerides, Fatty Foods & Keto diet  14:15 Dom’s routine & supplements  18:09 Melatonin benefits for anti-cancer & antioxidant  22:37 Ketogenic diet for women  30:55 Ketogenic diet for children  32:48 Genetic aspect to keto diet?  38:32 Metformin for suppressing cancer  46:30 Ketogenic diet & Alzheimer’s   54:40 Exercise for mental health  55:53 Keto for exercise performance & bodybuilding  59:32 Endogenous metabolite & psychedelics  1:09:05 Connect with me (Aastha) Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom2 Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity. If you like the podcast, please leave a review on Apple podcasts. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Transcript & Timestamps: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1  Dr. Dom D’Agostino may require no introduction especially in the world of ketosis! He is an Associate Professor with his research focusing on metabolic therapies, ketogenic diets, ketone supplements, and other metabolic based drugs. He is also a research scientist at the Institute of Human and Machine Cognition.  This is Part 1 of a 2 part conversation with Dom. He has so much knowledge to share and in this episode we dive into the history of ketogenic diets, keto for brain health and neuroprotective seizures, keto for longevity benefits, weight training, caloric restriction and more. Hope you enjoy the episode!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  DOM D'AGOSTINO LINKS:  KetoNutrition: https://ketonutrition.org/ Website: https://linktr.ee/Domdagostino Twitter: https://twitter.com/DominicDAgosti2 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Ketogenic diet is not optimal for everyone  0:56 Dom D’Agostino Intro  1:29 Plant-based ketogenic diet  3:20 Ketogenic diet & brain protection against seizures  16:40 Ketone Esters & Salts  19:29 Does the brain need glucose?  21:37 Intermittent Ketosis & Fasting Mimicking Diet  25:17 Cyclic Ketogenic diet for longevity  28:40 Devices for tracking ketosis  30:30 Ketogenic diet for longevity vs. Caloric restriction  37:50 Keto diet for cancer prevention  41:57 Keto diet, Insulin pathway, and glucose  46:50 Time restricted eating benefits  50:17 Dom vs. Layne Norton on Joe Rogan podcast  51:40 Muscle for longevity (especially for women)  56:10 Support Live Longer World Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/dom1 Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member.   Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/sapple Sam Apple is the author of Ravenous: Otto Warburg, The Nazis, and the Search for the Cancer-Diet Connection.  Otto Warburg was a Nobel-Prize winning German scientist during the era of Hitler and the Nazi’s and he was the first person to put the metabolic story of cancer on the map. The famous “Warburg Effect” that shows how cancer cells have an increase in glucose uptake even in the presence of oxygen, is named after him. It was a fascinating conversation talking about how the story of cancer research has evolved - how cancer cells eat to the discovery of oncogenes to coming full circle and making the connection between the two, and what the debate still holds in the story. We also talk about how cancer cells take up a lot of glucose, feed on sugar, and the connection between obesity and cancer. I hope you enjoy the conversation!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Find me (Aastha) on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  SUPPORT LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld  SAM APPLE LINKS:  Ravenous book: https://amzn.to/3yT9qpd Website: http://www.samapple.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sam_Apple1 CONNECT WITH AASTHA, LIVE LONGER WORLD:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Cancer as a disease of modern societies  1:27 Otto Warburg & the Cancer-Metabolic Connection  2:27 Warburg’s research on respiration  4:02 Why was cancer skyrocketing in Western societies?  9:17 Warburg Effect: Warburg’s research on cancer cells  15:00 Why do cancer cells take up so much glucose?  17:44 Cancer-Diet Connection  21:44 Cancer, Ketogenic diets & Fasting  23:43 Hibernation of the metabolic story of cancer  27:20 Hitler’s connection with cancer  30:07 Warburg’s arrogance  31:51 Why does cancer need glucose?  38:46 Warburg’s stigma: connecting with Nazi’s  40:51 Is insulin responsible for cancer?  48:00 Science is not immune from politics  50:24 Prostate cancer & obesity  52:13 Pendulum swing in cancer research  54:40 Mitochondria & Cancer Connection  57:07 Nazi’s fixation on cancer Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/sapple  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1 Thanks for listening & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.  You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.  Stay in good health - Aastha.

All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/vgladyshev  Dr. Vadim Gladyshev is a professor at Harvard Medical school and a Director of redox medicine at Brigham and Women’s hospital, where he runs his own lab.  We had a brilliant discussion which started off by talking about his work on selenium. Selenium is found is Brazil nuts and we discussed its connection to aging and cancer prevention, and also some of the harmful effects it can have. Dr. Gladyshev calls it the good, the bad, the ugly nature of selenium.    Then, we discussed a fair bit on his theory of aging before and after development. Most people believe that the germline which is the reproductive cells do not age, but his lab’s work has shown how the germline does in fact age. On this point, his lab also has interesting results on how rapamycin during development extended lifespan in mice.   It’s important to understand the basic science and understand more on the aging process in order to crack it. Dr. Gladyshev shares his views on this too and his research is certainly a step towards cracking the aging code. I hope you enjoy the conversation!   Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast  Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworldOne-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld Find me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  VADIM GLADYSHEV LINKS:  Website: https://gladyshevlab.bwh.harvard.edu/2022  Rapamycin During Development extends Lifespan: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481092v1  LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiveLongerWorld Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium  TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Vadim Gladyshev Intro  1:28 Live Longer World  2:17 Selenium’s dual role in aging (the good, the bad, the ugly)  11:27 Antagonistic Pleiotropy  13:53 Selenium & Cancer  15:58 Selenium Dosage (don’t get too much!)  18:30 Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants & Aging  22:30 Fundamental basis of Aging  24:09 Aging is damage  29:20 Single cell Epigenetic Clocks  34:22 Aging in the Womb  42:16 Parent’s lifestyle for aging in embryo  44:14 Rapamycin during development  49:06 Other compounds  51:53 Slowing Aging vs. Rejuvenation  56:08 New projects being worked on  57:17 Confidence level in extending lifespan within 30 years  59:17 Support Live Longer World   Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/vgladyshev  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1  Thanks for watching & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.    You can support my work by sharing, liking, subscribing, leaving a review on Apple podcasts, donating on Patreon, or signing up as a premium member. Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight. Stay in good health - Aastha.

Dr. Ethan Weiss is a cardiologist and his special interests include preventive cardiology, genetics of coronary disease, risk assessment, and heart disease in the young.  In today’s conversation we spoke about misconceptions people have about heart disease, genetic factors involved in heart disease, how to understand cholesterol and triglycerides in the context of heart disease, ketogenic diets for preventative cardiology and so much more.    If you want to understand how to think about your risk assessment for cardiovascular disease and how to prevent it, this conversation is for you.  All platforms / Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/eweiss Find the previous podcast episodes & subscribe to be notified: https://www.livelongerworld.com/podcast   Sign up for Premium Subscriber Transcripts: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium   Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld  One-Time support: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/livelongerworld   ETHAN WEISS LINKS:  Website: https://profiles.ucsf.edu/ethan.weiss  Twitter: https://twitter.com/ethanjweiss   LIVE LONGER WORLD LINKS:  Website: https://www.livelongerworld.com/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/livelongerworld  Newsletter: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/longevityfuture/  Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/livelongerworld  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiveLongerWorld  Premium Subscriber: https://www.livelongerworld.com/premium TIMESTAMPS:  0:00 Welcome to Live Longer World  0:44 Misconceptions of heart disease / young people with heart disease  4:01 Predictors of heart disease  6:59 LDL vs HDL; Triglycerides  12:51 Small-dense LDL vs. Large fluffy LDL  16:09 Dietary Carbohydrates & heart disease risk  25:50 Inflammation & Cardiovascular risk  26:43 Lipoproteins, ApoB, Lp(a)  31:31 Statins, PCSK9 inhibitors  32:45 ApoB as gold standard risk marker  36:50 Triglycerides & Insulin resistance  40:00 Saturated Fat  42:42 Variation in Cholesterol measurement  46:03 Body composition as marker for heart disease risk  51:23 Ketogenic diets & heart health  56:43 Keyto breath sensor  1:01:46 Stress & heart disease  1:04:44 Growth hormone & heart disease  1:07:46 On the shortness of life  1:10:52 Support & Connect with  Live Longer World  Episode Show Notes: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/eweiss  Live Longer World Season 1 Recap: https://livelongerworld.substack.com/p/season1  Thanks for listening & if you enjoy the episode, let's spread the message on longevity.  Aging is universal. Let's unite in this fight.  Stay in good health - Aastha.