"Be careful what you ask for"

A caller wants to know what they don't teach you in A&P school. Plus AD compliance, a scary engine failure, and putting the lean in lean of peak. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join KC wonders why ADs appear on some logbook entries as having been complied with with a terminating action, and in future entries the AD reappears. He discovered this was a common occurrence when he was looking through logbooks as he and a partner were purchasing an airplane. Mike said you can't tell from an AD compliance summary whether something has been permanently complied with. That is found in the logbook through some sort of permanent change, like a kit or STC. If some other IA signs off the AD compliance again it could be because the IA simply missed that the AD was permanently complied with. Paul said he always assumes an airplane he sees for the first time has errors in AD records compliance and he verifies everything himself. Paul said this often happens because the part was changed somewhere in the airplane's history to make it no longer permanently complied with. Jeff is looking to fine-tune his lean of peak performance. He flies an RV-10 with an IO-540. He has a small window in lean of peak where he is running a bit rough, but if he runs more rich the CHTs will climb into the 360-degree range. Mike said Jeff is trying to run too cool. A Lycoming typically runs 20 degrees hotter than a Continental, so he said flying at 400 degrees CHT is perfect and nothing to worry about. Keeping it cooler won't necessarily matter.  Mark is going to A&P school on the side for additional enjoyment and greater involvement in his airplane maintenance. He is at a Part 147 school, and he feels like the education is good, but he's wondering what else he needs to know about GA maintenance. Paul explains that school is a great intro to the various topics, but it's not long enough to be detailed in all facets of aviation maintenance. Most specific learning is on the job training. Mike suggests Savvy's new IA renewal program, which anyone can take for free.  Frank has a turbocharged Rockwell Commander. The engine sputtered and stopped at 1,200 feet. He turned back to the runway and made it safely. His first thought was water, but none was found. The mechanic sent his magneto out but didn't find anything. Paul said it wouldn't be an ignition problem because both would have to fail or one would have to go badly mis-timed. A key piece of evidence is that the engine did end up restarting again on his approach to the runway. The hosts think it's fuel delivery. The electric boost pump was on. Mike suggests it was a stuck carb float. Paul said the engine will run on a similar engine for about 23 seconds with fuel just in the bowl. 

Join Mike, Paul, and Colleen for a second live session from EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh 2026 as they are try to answer the audience's most pressing maintenance questions. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join

Join Mike, Paul, and Colleen as they take questions live from the audience at the AOPA tent at EAA AirVenture 2026.

Which oil is best, where is the oil going, running lean of peak with a carb, and how to fly a turbo are on tap for this episode. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full episode notes below: Chris' American Champion Super Decathlon has an oil consumption issue. While his engine was apart after a prop strike the cylinders were honed, and he broke it in properly. He has since replaced cylinders, broke it again, and is still only getting three hours per quart. He said oil is coming out of the fuel servo, which everyone has told him is normal, but the hosts quickly disagree. Mike suggests borescoping the back side of the intake valves and looking to see if one is oily. If it is, chances are the intake valve isn't seating properly and is being sucked back up and burned. Chris is trying to run lean of peak with a carbureted engine. He has an O-360 and he wants to make sure he's not doing anything wrong. His technique is to lean to the point of roughness and enrichen only enough to smooth things out. Mike said that's a solid technique and that most four-cylinder carbureted Lycomings run well lean of peak because they have a good balanced mixture distribution. Mike said not to worry about how lean he is. If the temperatures are within limits and the engine is running smoothly, you are good. James has a Piper Turbo Lance and he wants to make sure he is running it properly. His manual has a five-minute limitation on takeoff power, and he's wondering where that comes from. Paul said the older Cessna 210s have a five-minute limit at 2,700 rpm, and they discovered that the limit was all about noise, and not about the health of the engine. They told James to check section 2 of his POH, limitations, which would require the procedure regardless of the reason. Mason uses Aeroshell 100 plus Cam Guard. He's heard that straight weight oil remains on engine parts longer during periods of mis-use. But he read that Aviation Consumer tested oils and that corrosion protection was more correlated to added chemistry than viscosity. He's wondering if there's data to support either position. Mike said he'll recommend a multigrade for pilots who operate in a variety of temperatures. Mike things the cleanliness probably has more to do with Cam Guard use and operating lean of peak.

A fidgety fuel problem, octane ratings, and water in the oil are on tap for this episode. Email [email protected] for a chance to be on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full notes below: Gareth has a turbo Arrow and he's been fighting a problem with fluctuation fuel flow. Sometimes the engine quits on the ground or runs rough in the air. They've checked the fuel spider, fixed intake leaks, overhauled the fuel pump, an exhaust leak, and much more. Paul is convinced that air is entering the system or there is a vapor issue. He suggests checking the heat shields near hot parts of the engine, etc. Mike suggests that it could be related to upper deck pressure, which controls the aneroid in the fuel pump. Matt wonders if fuel octane impacts timing. He has a Cessna 150 and is running autogas, and he's wondering if his ignition timing should be changed to accommodate a difference in octane. Paul said the airplane was certified with 80 octane, so it's fine to keep the timing as it is. Scott is wondering about an alternative to safety wire. A company called Bergen makes a safety wire alternative and he's wondering if it's legal to use on FAA certified airplanes. Mike said even if the company doesn't say it's FAA certified that it would almost certainly be a minor alteration, and therefore at the discretion of the installing mechanic. Paul uses them in certain applications and likes them. Scott has a IO-540 on a Socata Trinidad and was about to overhaul his engine, but found Mike's maintenance philosophy. He's now at 2,300 hours and counting. Everything looks good except that water occasionally shows up in his oil analysis, and he's struck out finding help through his mechanic. The water is a byproduct of the combustion process. When you shut down the crankcase is full of steam, and that steam then condenses into water. You can help keep that water down by taking off the oil cap after shutting down, or by hooking up an engine dehumidifier. Scott flies about 100 hours a year evenly spread out, and he lives in a dry environment, so the hosts agree the dehumidifier probably isn't necessary.

Very cold cylinders, sort of warm cylinders, turbochargers, and pressurized mags are on tap for this episode. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full episode notes below: Bill has a Cessna 182S with the Lycoming IO-540 and he has a temperature issue with his number 2 cylinder. Climbing out at full rich he would back up the mixture a bit at 1,000 or 2,000 feet and the CHT would climb to about 405. By going full rich again he can keep it below 400 degrees. Mike said the problem is totally in Bill's head. A CHT of 405 is a perfectly respectable temperature for a Lycoming. The redline on the cylinder is 500 degrees, so there's no need to worry about 405. Mike recommends keeping Lycoming cylinders below about 420 degrees. Daniel has a Columbia 400 with a TSIO-550. He's been thinking about how car turbochargers don't have enough exhaust gas pressure to start working until a few thousand RPM and he's wondering if airplane turbos are the same. Paul said the waste gate closes immediately upon startup, so all the exhaust runs through the turbocharger from the beginning. Bob is wondering about corrosion on pressurized magnetos. Mike has previously explained that they are prone to corrosion because of water entering the system. Bob wonders if because the water entering the system can only be in the form of water vapor and because the vapor is coming from clouds, which are low in the contaminate that cause corrosion, if Mike might be overstating the problem. Mike doesn't disagree with Bob's theory, but in practice the issue is real and prevalent. Adam flies lean of peak in his Columbia and his CHTs can be as low as around 240 degrees and he's wondering if he's flying too cool and what he should do about it. Paul asks how far lean of peak he's flying. Adam thinks it's about 40 degrees, but at a fuel flow of 12.5 gallons per hour at an RPM of 2400. The hosts agree he's flying very lean. They recommend he try to fly about a gallon per hour more, which will get him a lot more speed and more normal temperatures.

Carbon monoxide, kickbacks, avionics upgrades, and leaning radials are on tap. Email [email protected] for a chance to be on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full notes below: Bill has a Cessna 210 and in climb he gets 50-100 ppm on his CO gauge. When he levels and goes lean of peak it goes back to normal. He's also noticed that if he puts the heat on he also doesn't have a high reading on his gauge. It's not from a hole in the firewall, Paul says. The most common places it can come in are from the header tanks where they come in through the belly, the steering boots on the nose gear, the down-lock boots on the main gear down-locks, the pilot's cabin door (look for light in the lower left corner of the door for light while in flight). The level goes down when he turns on the heat because he's pressurizing the cabin, which keeps the CO draft out. And he doesn't get it at LOP because he doesn't have nearly as much un-combusted fuel in this state, the driver of CO. Bob has a Cessna 182 and it has a North Point (nee P-Ponk) engine with an MT prop and experienced a kickback during start. He's wondering how to move forward. His mechanic recommended removing one of the impulse couplings (he has two). The kickback would occur if one of them didn't activate properly, Paul said. If the ignition fires early during the start process, the impulse coupling delays the spark until top dead center. If it fails, it doesn't delay it, and the kickback occurs. When the kickback happens, the nylon gears in the mags are stressed, the spring in the starter adapter can break. The hosts recommend changing that and inspecting the impulse coupling. The hosts gristle when Bob mentioned the MT prop. It's so much lighter than aluminum, and they result in many more kickbacks. Kyle is wondering about the leaning philosophy on the R-985 engine on the Beaver he flies. The manual cautions against leaning below 5,000 feet, and he's wondering what the hosts think. Colleen said since it's his employer's airplane and there's no engine monitor in the Beaver to just keep it full rich as directed. Mike said he might fly it in cruise just like a typical 4-cylinder and lean to the onset of roughness and enrichen it only until smooth again. Erick is looking at purchasing a Columbia 400 with legacy avionics and he's thinking ahead to potential long-term maintenance issues. The hosts explain the potential repair, maintenance, and replacement options. These include the Avidyne yearly maintenance fee he can choose to do with Avidyne, or he could install Garmin, which is STC'd. The MFD has an AD to replace the battery after 10 years.

Worn intake valves, pitted camshafts, shock cooling, and AD compliance are on the docket. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full notes below: Norm wonders whether condition-based maintenance and inspections failed him. He is co-owners in an airplane with a Lycoming IO-360, and after a few years they found a crack in the crankcase. The engine was torn down and found to have some rust on the cylinder walls, scoring on the crankshaft, and a worn and pitted lifter. They had been borescoping, doing oil analysis, looking at the filter, and never found any concerns. The hosts say the approach worked perfectly. The point of condition-based maintenance is to fix safety related problems, and they argue that all Norm's issues were financial issues. Mike argues that the lifter wear could have been found with by measuring the valve opening, but that it wouldn't have necessarily resulted in a teardown. The oil analysis wouldn't have found anything because the metal chunks were too large, and although a magnet over the filter material may have helped, he's not sure that would have resulted in a teardown either. The lesson is that the airplane was safe, despite the condition concerns. Jay has an RV with an experimental IO-540 that he loves. A look at the cylinder data found that one of his intake valves was eroding. As the shop dug into the engine they found a few other issues, including pitting on the camshaft. An IRAN is going to cost him maybe $20,000 or $30,000 less than an overhaul, so he's wondering if it's ok to save the money or should he just overhaul the engine while it's off. The hosts tell him to save his money. The only reason they would overhaul now is to increase the market value if he were planning on selling. Otherwise there's little benefit. Ronan wonders how to interpret the data on his friend's Piper Arrow as regards shock cooling. They often get the alerts on the Garmin engine analyzer, and they are wondering if there's anything they can do to avoid it. Paul jokes that he should just turn that feature off. Mike said the only time you have to worry about this is when the cylinders are at high temperature, such as cruise to chopping the power. But in a descent the cylinders are already cooling, so he's not worried about it. Bill is wondering if his club is documenting too much on AD compliance. The hosts give some detailed information on how they document ADs and why it matters. They tend to document everything in a large spreadsheet and note whether or not it applies. If it doesn't, they say so on the document and leave it for a future mechanic or owner. Doing so helps with hours of research, they say. They are also careful to document parts and accessories, especially those inside the engine, as you don't want to have to take the prop off to check a crankshaft serial number every year, for example.

Rising temperatures, unnecessary overhauls, unusual rigging, and ancient cloth in the wheel well are featured. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join

Sticky valves, sleepy valves, and valves destined for the trash are on tap this episode. Email [email protected] for a chance to get on the show. Join the world's largest aviation community at aopa.org/join Full episode notes below: Mac is trying to get a cylinder to wake up on his Piper Lance. The engine ran rough, and a magneto clearing procedure didn't help. The number 5 cylinder was dropping off according to the engine monitor. It's also next to the turbocharging exhaust. His A&P thought maybe the injector line being next to the pipe might be causing a problem. It only happens after landing, not while flying. Paul thinks it would be a more widespread issue if the plumbing engineering were the issue. The aux fuel pump stops it from happening. Mike suggests a mixture that's too lean could cause this. They suggest checking the idle mixture rise on shutdown. The rpm should rise 25-50 when pulling the mixture at idle. If it doesn't rise as much it's too lean, and if it rises too much it's too rich. They also suggest running a GAMI lean test to determine if the cylinder is a lean outlier. Conor has a Cessna 150. On the way back from Oshkosh last year he experienced a stuck valve. There was discoloration from being hot when the cylinder was pulled. He leans aggressively. He's wondering if he's leaning too aggressively and is getting the engine too hot. He leans to roughness and enrichens only until it gets smooth. The hosts think the engine has to be in detonation for it to get too hot. The piston tops are fine under borescope, so the hosts think it's fine. Andrew wants to knock the rust off his A&P certificate. The hosts suggest the new Savvy Aviation IA recurrent course. It's a free 8-hour course to help refresh his memory. Beyond that, Paul suggests a 172 course, which is the airplane he plans on buying. There really isn't a hands-on refresher course, according to Colleen. She suggests he could hire an A&P and work alongside him or her to brush up. He could also take an LSA repairman course, which is shorter than a typical A&P course. James is asking about the right time to overhaul an engine. He is in a club with a Diamond that flies about 500 hours a year. When he wrote in there were 1,900 hours on the engine. They were told the turnaround would be three months. They decided to order a reman from Lycoming, which was scheduled to take 15 months. Then they got a notice that it would be an additional 12 months. It ended up only being 17 months. Their club decided that more than three months of downtime wasn't acceptable. If the lead time for engines is more than a year, so how do you listen to the engine when the delay is so long. Paul said you buy consumables, like cylinders. Cylinders can sit on the shelf for a long time.