How Mosquitoes Shaped History | ft. JACOB!!

In 1892, Andrew and Abby Borden were murdered with a hatchet in their Fall River home, and Lizzie Borden was the only family member in the house. We go minute by minute through the day of the murders, line up the suspects, and dig into how a defense built on “nothing feminine about it” got her acquitted. Lizzie Borden took an ax… or did she?Sources:Scholarly[1] Filetti, Jean S. "From Lizzie Borden to Lorena Bobbitt: Violent Women and Gendered Justice." Journal of American Studies 35, no. 3 (2001): 471–84 — JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27557007 Peer-reviewed; strong.Journalism and reference[2] The Unsolved Mystery of Lizzie Borden and the Grisly Fall River Axe Murders — BBC Culture. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20260914-the-unsolved-mystery-of-lizzie-borden-and-the-grisly-fall-river-axe-murders Reputable outlet; article's URL date is as given in your notes.[3] Lizzie Borden: biographies and 1892–1927 timeline (compiled by UMKC School of Law students) — crimearchives.net. https://crimearchives.net/1893_borden/html/bios.html Useful but not peer-reviewed; includes an impossible date ("Nov. 31") and a death-age error.Primary documents (as transcribed in your research notes)[4] Inquest testimony of Lizzie Borden, Aug 9–11, 1892 — Fall River, MA inquest transcript. https://famous-trials.com/lizzieborden/1444-inquest The transcript pasted in your notes did not include a source URL; this is the inquest page cited by the US Ghost Adventures piece. Confirm the match.[5] Trial testimony of Bridget Sullivan, June 7, 1893 — Trial transcript, Fall River/New Bedford. Source site not given in your notes; confirm before final citation.Commercial blog (weakest tier)[6] Lizzie Borden myths-and-facts article (title and URL not included in your notes) — US Ghost Adventures blog (usghostadventures.com), which promotes tours and stays at the Lizzie Borden House. Commercial; use for myth-busting leads only and verify against the sources it cites.Cited within that article (not independently verified by me): EBSCO Research Starters, Lizzie Borden (ebsco.com/research-starters/history/lizzie-borden); Library of Congress Chronicling America guide (guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-lizzie-borden/selected-articles) and newspaper issues sn84024546 (1892-08-05), sn94052989 (1892-08-13 and 1893-06-21), sn90059522 (1893-06-17), sn84025891 (1893-06-10); Biography.com, Lizzie Borden's isolated life after the trial; Britannica, Lizzie Borden; Fall River Herald News, myths busted (2022); History.com, 9 Things You May Not Know About Lizzie Borden; Famous Trials, the inquest; Criminal Element, 11 Facts About Lizzie Borden Debunked.[7] Lizzie Borden — Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Borden Used only to cross-check the age at death (66).[8] Lizzie Borden (1860–1927) memorial — Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/115/lizzie-borden Crowd-sourced; used only for burial date (June 4, 1927) and plot.[9] Borden Funerals — lizziebordenwarpsandwefts.com. https://lizziebordenwarpsandwefts.com/october-mutton-eaters-online/ Fan/history blog; surfaced in search, not read in full; funeral accounts vary across results. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In 1688, a Dutch king took the English throne, banned French wine and brandy, and then let basically anyone distill gin at home. What could go wrong?This week we're spilling Gin Mania, which historians call the Gin Craze and Londoners called "mother's ruin." By 1730, the city had more than 7,000 gin shops. Many of them were run by women, who were shut out of most other work, and some sold gin anonymously through cat-shaped "puss and mew" slot machines. Birth rates dropped, infant deaths climbed, and crime spiked. Meanwhile, doctors decided gin was full of tiny sharp structures stabbing your body's fibers from the inside. We get into Hogarth's Gin Lane vs. Beer Street propaganda, why the Gin Act of 1736 flopped and fed a black market in spirits cut with turpentine and sulfuric acid, and how the 1751 crackdown finally ended the craze. Plus: how Victorian gin palaces may have given us the modern bar, and why Gordon's is still on shelves today.Our last non-spooky episode before Halloween. Pour yourself a beer. History suggests you should. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Mosquitoes are the deadliest animal on Earth and they've been shaping human history since long before recorded time. This week, Delaney sits down with SPILLED. team member Jacob to trace malaria's fingerprints across evolution, colonization, the slave trade, the British Empire, and a WWII research push second only to the Manhattan Project. Two vaccines later, they're still winning. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We're covering seven real female warriors and soldiers across four continents and almost 1,900 years of history — women who disguised themselves as men to fight, and women who didn't have to. Featuring Hannah Snell (the British soldier who enlisted to hunt down her husband), Sarah Rosetta Wakeman (a Civil War soldier who kept her secret to the grave), Nadezhda Durova (the Russian cavalry officer awarded the St. George Cross), the Trung sisters (who led an army of 80,000 to overthrow Han China), Mai Bhago (the Sikh warrior who turned back an army of deserters), and Yaa Asantewaa (the Ashanti queen mother who led her people to war). Plus: what Deborah Sampson's story has in common with all of them.A history podcast episode on women warriors, female soldiers, and women in war — from the American Revolution and the Civil War to the Napoleonic Wars, the Mughal-Sikh Wars, and the Ashanti Empire.Sources:Hannah Snell:Hannah Snell — Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_SnellForces News: “Hannah Snell, A Female Soldier In Disguise”Royal Marines History: “Hannah Snell Joins the Marines, 1747”British Tars, 1740–1790: “Hannah Snell, A Woman and a Marine”The Hunterian Blog: “Hannah Snell — Cross Dressing in the 1700s”Academic: “Body and Gender Expressed by the Cross-Dressing of Hannah Snell…” (Academia.edu)Primary: Robert Walker (attrib.), The Female Soldier; or, The Surprising Life and Adventures of Hannah Snell (1750)Deborah Sampson:American Battlefield Trust: Deborah SampsonNational Women's History Museum: Deborah SampsonMassachusetts Historical Society: “Deborah Sampson, Soldier in Disguise”Paul Revere House: “Quitting the Male Habit” (Revere's 1804 pension letter, digitized at MHS)Historic New England: “Deborah Sampson, Fighting for Recognition”Just Teach One: The Female Review (1797) — annotated teaching editionHanna Lauren Kawamoto, The Female Soldier: Gender Performance and National Identity (UC Irvine MA thesis, 2025) — open access, escholarship.org/uc/item/5wr4x7h5. Covers Sampson plus Margaret Cochran Corbin & Anna Maria Lane.Georgina K. Lock, “Honouring the Wound…” Linguaculture, Issue 2 (2011) — open access, covers Snell & Sampson plus Pauline Cushman.Sarah Rosetta Wakeman:American Battlefield Trust: Sarah Rosetta WakemanSarah Rosetta Wakeman — WikipediaEmerging Civil War: “From History's Shadows — Sarah Rosetta Wakeman”Lauren Cook Burgess, ed., An Uncommon Soldier: The Civil War Letters of Sarah Rosetta Wakeman… (Oxford University Press, 1994)DeAnne Blanton & Lauren M. Cook, They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War (LSU Press, 2002)Nadezhda Durova:Reddit r/badhistory writeup on Durova scholarship [non-historian source — use with caution]Ruth Averbach, “The Unmaking of a Man: Aleksandr Aleksandrov/Nadezhda Durova,” Slavic Review (Cambridge Core)UBC lecture on Soviet-era erasure of the gender identity question (open.library.ubc.ca)Primary: Nadezhda Durova, The Cavalry Maiden (memoir, various translated editions)Trung Sisters:Primary: Book of the Later Han (Fan Ye, 5th c.); Dai Viet Su ky toan thu (Ngo Si Lien, 15th c.)Keith Weller Taylor (Cornell) — commentary on women's status and the disputed Thi Sach execution narrative [locate specific published piece before recording]Mai Bhago:General Sikh history sources — record is thin and contested; flag on air. Recommend a targeted search for Sikh studies journal articles on Mai Bhago / Chali Mukte before recording if a stronger citation is needed.Synthesis / Institutional Context:“Monstrous Regiment” — History Today (1793 French decree)“Women and Military Institutions in Early Modern Europe: A Reconnaissance,” Signs journalRudolf Dekker & Lotte van de Pol, The Tradition of Female Transvestism in Early Modern Europe (Macmillan, 1989) — open access copy at Erasmus University repository (repub.eur.nl/pub/16934) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Human sacrifice gets a bad rap in the history books, and we're here to spill the tea. This week we're digging into who was really practicing ritual sacrifice across history. From Mesopotamia's royal tombs to Aztec blood debts, Celtic wicker men to Japanese seppuku and why the "savage civilization" narrative doesn't hold up.Sources:General / Context:Caldararo, Niccolo. "Human Sacrifice, Capital Punishment, Prisons & Justice." Historical Social Research 41, no. 4 (2016): 322–46.Løvschal et al. "Human Sacrifice and Value." Antiquity 93, no. 370 (2019).Schwartz, Glenn M. "The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice." Annual Review of Anthropology 46 (2017): 223–240.Mesopotamia / Ur:Recht, Laerke. "Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East and Egypt." The Ancient Near East Today 8, no. 2 (2020).Egypt:Campbell, Roselyn Anne. Kill Thy Neighbor: Violence, Power, and Human Sacrifice in Ancient Egypt. PhD diss., UCLA, 2019.Nielsen, Nicky. "In Ancient Egypt, Human Sacrifice and Shabti Figures Ensured an Afterlife of Servitude." Atlas Obscura, October 17, 2023.Celtic / Druid / Greco-Roman:Caesar, Julius. The Conquest of Gaul. Translated by F. P. Long, 2005.Allen, Stephen. Celtic Warrior — 300 BC–AD 100. Osprey Publishing, 2001.Davies, John. The Celts: Prehistory to Present Day. Sterling Publishing, 2005."Human Sacrifice." Digital Medievalist, Opinionated Celtic FAQs. digitalmedievalist.comAztec:Pennock, Caroline Dodds. "Mass Murder or Religious Homicide?" Historical Social Research 37, no. 3 (2012): 276–302.Neiburger, E. J. "The American Ball Game Court." Central States Archaeological Journal 62, no. 2 (2015): 74–77.Japan:Roberts, Michael, and Arthur Saniotis. "Introduction: Empowering the Body and 'Noble Death.'" Social Analysis 50, no. 1 (2006): 7–24.India:BBC News. "India Outrage after Man Acquitted over Wife's Sati Death." September 10, 2024.Chakravorty, Ranes C. "British Abolish Suttee in India." EBSCO Research Starters, 2023.Dhungel, Suraj. "Sati System in Hinduism." Academic Voices 8 (2018): 95–99.The New York Times. "Suttee in India Still Occurs Despite British Prohibition." January 1, 1928. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Paul Revere gets all the glory, but he wasn't the only one riding through the night to save the American Revolution. This Fourth of July, Delaney and Kendyl are spilling the tea on the women history left out of the story: 16-year-old Sybil Ludington, who rode twice as far as Paul Revere through a rainstorm to warn the Continental Army; Deborah Sampson, who disguised herself as a man to fight in combat and removed a musket ball from her own leg; and Abigail Adams, the original "Mrs. President," who ran the family finances, advised a president, and told her husband to "remember the ladies." In honor of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, we're giving America's founding mothers the credit — and the chaos — they deserve. Happy Fourth of July, besties.Sources:Sybil Ludington:Hunt, Paula D. "Sybil Ludington, the Female Paul Revere: The Making of a Revolutionary War Heroine." The New England Quarterly 88, no. 2 (2015): 187–222. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24718670American Battlefield Trust. "Sybil Ludington." https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/sybil-ludingtonSmithsonian Magazine. "Did the Midnight Ride of Sibyl Ludington Ever Happen?" March 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/did-midnight-ride-sibyl-ludington-ever-happen-180979557/Deborah Sampson:Young, Alfred F. Masquerade: The Life and Times of Deborah Sampson, Continental Soldier. New York: Vintage Books, 2004. [Definitive scholarly biography]Mann, Herman. The Female Review: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier in the War of Revolution. 1797. [Primary source, published during her lifetime]Massachusetts Historical Society. Letter from Paul Revere to William Eustis, February 20, 1804. https://www.masshist.org/database/326National Women’s History Museum. "Deborah Sampson." Michals, Debra. 2015. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/deborah-sampsonMuseum of the American Revolution. "Biography of Deborah Sampson." https://www.amrevmuseum.org/collection/biography-of-deborah-sampsonGeorge Washington’s Mount Vernon. "Deborah Sampson." https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/deborah-sampsonAmerican Battlefield Trust. "Deborah Sampson." https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/deborah-sampsonPaul Revere House. "Quitting The Male Habit: Paul Revere and Deborah Sampson’s Appeal for a Military Pension." https://www.paulreverehouse.org/quitting-the-male-habit-paul-revere-and-deborah-sampsons-appeal-for-a-military-pension/Abigail Adams:Shields, David S. and Fredrika J. Teute. "The Court of Abigail Adams." Journal of the Early Republic 35, no. 2 (2015): 227–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24486730Britannica. "Abigail Adams." https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abigail-AdamsMiller Center. "Abigail Adams." https://millercenter.org/president/adams/adams-1797-abigail-firstladyNational Women’s History Museum. "Abigail Smith Adams." https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

You've been lied to by Lucky Charms. The leprechaun you know — jolly, green, guarding gold at the end of a rainbow — is about 150 years old. The leprechaun from Irish folklore is about 1,300 years old, and they are not the same creature.This week we're tracing how the original lucharpán went from a fearsome red-coated water sprite who'd drag a sleeping king into the sea, to the cereal-box mascot Americans invented in the 1840s. We get into the medieval Celtic oral tradition, the professional storytellers who kept it alive, the pot of gold as a lesson about human greed, and how Irish immigration during the potato blight turned a misunderstood trickster into a symbol of Irish pride.New episodes every other Tuesday. 🍀🎧 Share it with a friend — 40% of podcast discovery is still word of mouth.📚 Books we mention live on the Spilled Bookshop: https://bookshop.org/shop/SPILLEDAcademic & Institutional Sources:EBSCO Research Starter: "Leprechauns."Oí Giolláin, Diarmuid. "The Leipreachán and Fairies, Dwarfs and the Household Familiar: A Comparative Study." Béaloideas 52 (1984): 75–150. https://doi.org/10.2307/20522237Winberry, John J. "The Elusive Elf: Some Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of the Irish Leprechaun." 1976.Mulligan, William H., Jr. "Review: Alive and Well: New Perspectives on Irish America." 2012.National Folklore Collection, University College Dublin (UNESCO Memory of the World Register). Primary source accounts. https://www.duchas.iePrimary Sources Referenced:"The Adventure of Fergus Son of Léti" (8th century). Earliest known reference to the luchorpán."The Death of Fergus" (13th–14th century). Lupracan civilization account.Lover, Samuel. Legends and Stories of Ireland. 1831.Croker, Thomas Crofton. Fairy Legends and Traditions of The South of Ireland. 1825.Hardy, Philip Dixon. 1837 description. Referenced via Oí Giolláin (1984).Mr and Mrs Hall. 1843 account. Referenced via Oí Giolláin (1984).O’Donnell, Edward T. 1001 Things Everyone Should Know About Irish American History.Yeats, W.B. Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry. [Referenced for solitary vs trooping fairy color distinction]General Reference:"The Jolly Leprechaun’s Sinister Origins." History.com."Leprechaun: From Gold-Loving Cobbler to Cultural Icon." PBS.The Pale Horse Substack: "In Red Caps and Green Coats" and "The Leprechaun: From Trickster to Icon." Note: not peer-reviewed. Used for thematic framing only, not factual claims.Wikipedia: "Slieve Foy" entry. Used to verify EU protection date (2009). Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

She was eleven years old when the English arrived. Disney made her twenty-something with a love story. History gave her a name that wasn't hers. This week we're spilling the real story of Pocahontas — or Amonute, as she was actually named — and it's nothing like what you were taught.We're breaking down the Powhatan Confederacy (one of the most powerful empires on the eastern seaboard), what John Smith actually wrote versus what he claimed seventeen years later, and the kidnapping, forced conversion, and suspected poisoning that the Disney movie conveniently left out.Spoiler: she didn't save him. She was sent there. And the love story was invented by men who needed a myth more than they needed the truth.If you've ever wanted to understand Native American history, Indigenous women, or colonization in the Americas beyond what you learned in school — this one's for you.Want more? Check our our book reccomendations: https://bookshop.org/shop/SPILLEDSources: Aron, Paul. "Pocahontas & John Smith: The Love Story Was Fiction...But Loved." Trend & Tradition Magazine (Colonial Williamsburg), July 2, 2025. https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/discover/resource-hub/trend-tradition-magazine/trend-tradition-summer-2025/pocahontas-and-john-smith/Historic Jamestowne. "Meeting the English." Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation. https://historicjamestowne.org/history/pocahontas/meeting-the-english/Mansky, Jackie. "The True Story of Pocahontas Is More Complicated Than You Might Think." Smithsonian Magazine, updated February 20, 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-pocahontas-more-complicated-than-you-might-think-180962649/National Park Service. "Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend." Jamestown National Historic Site, last updated September 4, 2022. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/pocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htmPaul, Heike. "Pocahontas and the Myth of Transatlantic Love." In The Myths That Made America. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1wxsdq.6Silverman, David. "John Smith’s Bold Endeavor." Interview by Lisa Q. Wolfinger. NOVA: Pocahontas Revealed, PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pocahontas/silverman.htmlSmith, John. Excerpts from The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624). Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/primary-documents/john-smith-and-pocahontas-in-england-an-excerpt-from-the-generall-historie-of-virginia-new-england-and-the-summer-isles-by-john-smith-1624Wood, Karenne. "Prisoners of History: Pocahontas, Mary Jemison, and the Poetics of an American Myth." Studies in American Indian Literatures 28, no. 1 (2016): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.5250/studamerindilite.28.1.0073van der Straet, Jan (Stradanus). Allegory of America, ca. 1587–89. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/343845 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

You loved our first WWII episode, so we're back with MORE! This week we're covering stories that your history teacher definitely skipped: women in codebreaking, queer resistance, and psychological warfare. Think cracking Nazi spy rings from behind a desk, two lesbian stepsister artists using "paper bullets" to take down an occupying army, and a 21-year-old Jewish refugee who had German soldiers writing her love letters.No dry lectures. Just the drama, the gossip, and the stories that actually deserved the spotlight.Haven't listened to Part 1 yet? Start there — that's where we lay the context on the origin of and players in WWII.Obsessed? Want more? Check our fiction & nonfiction book recommendations here: https://bookshop.org/shop/SPILLEDResearch Documents:BBC Future. “The Female Code Breakers Who Were Left Out of History Books.” bbc.com/future, October 9, 2017. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20171009-the-female-code-breakers-who-were-left-out-of-history-booksBBC. “The Bletchley Girls: Cracking Women.” bbc.co.uk. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/Q3lFn2vTv9JMgxX98bRhL/the-bletchley-girls-cracking-womenThe Art Newspaper. “How Artist Couple Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore Resisted the Nazis with Their Paper Bullets.” November 4, 2020. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/11/04/extract-or-how-artist-couple-claude-cahun-and-marcel-moore-resisted-the-nazis-with-their-paper-bulletsHistory Extra. “On the Same Side: Homosexuals During the Second World War.” https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/on-the-same-side-homosexuals-during-the-second-world-war/Putnam, Jennifer, PhD. “V for Victory: A Sign of Resistance.” The National WWII Museum, February 1, 2024. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/v-victory-sign-resistanceWhite, April. “One of the Allies’ Secret Weapons Against the Nazis Was a 21-Year-Old Woman Armed With a Microphone and a Script of Lies.” Smithsonian Magazine, March 2026. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/allies-secret-weapons-against-nazis-woman-armed-microphone-script-lies-180988094/Context Sources:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Introduction to the Holocaust.” https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/introduction-to-the-holocaustNational WWII Museum. “WWII by the Numbers.” https://www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-worldwide-deaths-world-warHistory.com Editors. “World War II.” https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

She had a married sugar daddy funding her LA apartment. Then she dumped him and became the first — and only — woman to lead the Black Panther Party. This week we're spilling everything on Elaine Brown: her rise through the Black Panther Party, what black feminism actually looked like in the 1960s, and why history class completely left her out. If you've ever wanted to understand the civil rights movement, intersectionality, or just want to feel smarter at your next dinner party — this one's for you.Sources:Brown, Elaine. "A Woman Black Panther." PBS American Experience: Eyes on the Prize. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-woman-black-panther/Fremon, Celeste. "41st and Central, 1969 – The Black Panther Shootout & the Birth of SWAT." WitnessLA, April 6, 2011. https://witnessla.com/41st-and-central-1969-the-black-panther-shootout-the-birth-of-swat/Henry, Carmel. "A Brief History of Civil Rights: The Black Panther Party." Howard University School of Law. http://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/bppJernigan, Cameron. "A Taste of Power: The Rhetorical Potency of Elaine Brown." UNC JOURney, Spring 2017. https://uncjourney.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13377/2017/05/JOURneySpring2017vol1Digital-1.pdfMaynard, Alicia. "The Assassination." The Assassination of Fred Hampton. Digital Chicago, 2019. https://digitalchicagohistory.org/exhibits/show/fred-hampton-50th/the-assassinationNational Archives. "Elaine Brown (March 2, 1943)." https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/elaine-brownNBCUniversal. "Elaine Brown: A Black Panther’s Journey in Breaking New Ground." Voices of the Civil Rights Movement, 2021. https://voicesofthecivilrightsmovement.com/articles/elaine-brownSeither, Robert James. "Women in the Black Panther Party." TCNJ Journal of Student Scholarship 17 (April 2015). https://mapped.tcnj.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/176/2015/04/2015-Seither.pdfVerge, Shane Trudell. "Revolutionary Vision." Meridians 2, no. 2 (2002): 101–25. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40338509The Guardian. "Activist Elaine Brown: You Must Be Willing to Die for What You Believe In." March 27, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/27/activist-elaine-brown-you-must-be-willing-to-die-for-what-you-believe-in Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.