Episode 471: Holy MiFID Quandaries, HGER, And The Desert Portfolio

In this episode we answer emails from Anonymous from New Jersey, James, and Brad.  We answer a donor’s six-part retirement plan, from mortgages and liquidity to 403(b) constraints, ETF trading, asset location, asset swaps, and tax‑savvy withdrawals. Then we discuss the risks of staying in an accumulation portfolio for too long and the options for obviating a crash before transitioning. And THEN we our go through our weekly portfolio reviews of the eight sample portfolios you can find at Portfolios | Risk Parity Radio.Additional Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterHow To Do An Asset Swap Video from Risk Parity Chronicles:  How to Do an Asset SwapTax Planning Book:  Amazon.com: Tax Planning To and Through Early Retirement: 9798999841599: Garrett, Cody, Mullaney, Sean: BooksBreathless AI-Bot Summary:Ever wonder whether paying down a mortgage before retirement is actually the safest move? We make the counterintuitive case for liquidity first: keep cash flexible during the messy early retirement years, when housing changes, college timelines, and new expenses collide. With a real listener case study, we show how a mortgage can be a tool, not a trap—and why you can always accelerate later once the dust settles.From there we dig into a pain point for many educators and nonprofit pros: weak 403(b) lineups. We break down why insurance-driven menus lag, how to advocate for better providers and funds, and when it makes sense to roll to an IRA for full control. You’ll also learn how to keep tracking simple, why monthly check‑ins beat daily dashboards, and how consolidating at a service‑oriented custodian streamlines everything. On execution, we explain why ETFs beat mutual funds for rebalancing speed and precision, plus how to convert Vanguard mutual funds to ETFs without tax surprises.Taxes and withdrawals get the spotlight too. We clarify asset location—shelter ordinary income, let capital appreciation work in brokerage and Roth—and outline “asset swaps” that let you sell what’s up while managing tax impact. For those still accumulating, we talk strategy for a smoother glide into a risk parity portfolio to reduce sequence risk, and the trade-offs between earlier protection and maximum growth. We wrap with a market scoreboard across stocks, bonds, gold, REITs, commodities, preferreds, and managed futures, and report on sample portfolios including Golden Butterfly, Golden Ratio, Ultimate, and leveraged variants.If you value actionable, no-nonsense guidance for DIY investors, you’ll find ideas you can use right away—whether you’re five years from retirement or still building your base. Subscribe, leave a review, and share this with a friend who’s wrestling with 403(b) choices or planning a tax-smart withdrawal strategy.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Anonymous, Pete, and Wilhelm.  We discuss how MiFID reshapes investing for U.S. citizens retiring in the EU, the commodities fund HGER and the "Desert Portfolio."Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterIBKR MiFId Client Page:  MiFID Client CategoryPortfolio Charts Assets Page (for finding funds):  Assets – Portfolio ChartsAnimal Spirits Podcast re HGER: Talk Your Book: How to Invest in Commodities - Animal Spirits Podcast | Podcast on Spotify Testfolio HGER Analysis:  testfol.io/analysis?s=dcDPCTQc1j6HGER Fund Page:  ETF | Harbor Commodity All-Weather Strategy ETF (HGER) | Harbor CapitalPortfolio Charts Safe Withdrawal Rates Chart:  Withdrawal Rates – Portfolio ChartsBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Planning to retire in Europe while keeping a U.S.-style portfolio? The moment you change residency, MiFID rules can block purchases of U.S.-domiciled ETFs, turning routine rebalancing into a headache and putting your safe withdrawal rate at risk. We break down practical steps to keep your plan intact, including using Interactive Brokers to run a two-sleeve setup—sell-only in the U.S. account, buy in an EU account with UCITS equivalents—and how to make rebalancing work without creating a tax and paperwork nightmare. You’ll hear the pros, cons, and tradeoffs of each path so you can navigate regulation with confidence, not guesswork.We also examine a smarter way to think about commodities. Legacy benchmarks like BCOM haven’t evolved with investor goals, and that’s where HGER’s rules-based design stands out with a quality and carry overlay that often elevates gold. But if you already hold gold, does a gold-tilted commodity fund add diversification or just overlap? We compare HGER to PDBC, highlight correlations with stocks and gold, and explain why managed futures can deliver broader, more resilient diversification across commodities, rates, and currencies. If you’re after true crisis defense, a blend of gold and managed futures may beat a traditional commodity sleeve.To round it out, we stress-test the “desert portfolio”—high treasuries, modest equities, a touch of gold—and explain when its calm ride helps and when it lowers your long-term sustainable withdrawal. If your real objective is durable retirement income, consider upping equity exposure, adding value tilts, and relying on uncorrelated diversifiers that keep you rebalancing through drawdowns. Subscribe for more DIY-friendly portfolio tactics, share with a friend who’s eyeing an EU move, and leave a review to tell us what cross-border investing questions you want answered next.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Adam, Cha Cha, and TJ.  We discuss how cash and short-term bonds affect safe withdrawal rates, why the Golden Butterfly’s allocation is a preference not a rule, and how to build a growth-first plan when you’re starting late.  And we wish Happy Birthday to Mick the Mugga Mugga.And THEN we our go through our weekly portfolio reviews of the eight sample portfolios you can find at Portfolios | Risk Parity Radio.Additional Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterMany Happy Returns Podcast Featuring Tyler:  How to Pick Your Perfect Portfolio, with Tyler from Portfolio ChartsVideo Summary of Recent Bronnie Ware Interview:  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XO1H7719LTel-WrwUABpMaAzdFk6-juv/view?usp=sharingCatching Up To FI Podcast:  Financial Independence - Catching up to FIExcess Returns Podcast:  Excess Returns Podcast | Excess Returns Podcasts - Helping Make You a Better InvestorSwedroe Factor Investing Book:  Book Review: Your Complete Guide to Factor-Based Investing | CFA Institute Enterprising InvestorBreathless AI-Bot Summary:Worried your portfolio is heavy on cash but light on purpose? We unpack the real trade-offs behind short-term bonds, money markets, and the Golden Butterfly’s famous “comfort cushion,” then show how a few precise tweaks can lift safe withdrawal rates without blowing up your sleep. Listener questions drive the heart of the episode: how much cash is too much, whether VTIP truly hedges better than VGSH, and why cash management rarely changes outcomes even though it feels reassuring.From there we shift to a late-starter’s dilemma: chasing 8–10% average returns over a decade without gambling. We get practical about the only two ways to beat the market, why stock-picking “wins” often just mirror factor exposure, and how to use a simple, research-backed pairing—large-cap growth with small-cap value—to seek higher expected returns. We also cover when international tilts help, how currency drives comparisons more than people think, and where bonds, gold, and REITs fit as you move closer to financial independence.Our take is direct and usable: minimize inert cash, diversify for shallower drawdowns, and reserve complexity for places that pay. Build growth while the gap to FI is wide, then add ballast on purpose as you near the goal. If you want a sturdier plan and a quieter mind, this conversation clears the noise and spotlights the levers that matter.Enjoy the show? Follow, rate, and share it with a friend. Send your questions to Frank at RiskParityRadio.com, and if it helped, leave a quick review so more DIY investors can find it.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Patrick, Kyle, and Dave.  We discuss the advantages of using risk parity style portfolios for higher withdrawal rates, how to manage a sleeve of individual REITs, the joys of giving in its various forms, a risk parity style portfolio in a Donor Advised Fund, and reverse glide paths.  We share how planned generosity, donor-advised funds, and employer matches can make retirement more meaningful.Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterKitces & Carl podcast about "Frugal Bob":  Helping Retired Clients To Actually Start Spending And Enjoying Their Money - Kitces & Carl Ep 178Bigger Pockets Money Test Risk Parity Style Portfolio:  We Built a 5% SWR Retirement Portfolio Using Fidelity in 48 Minutes (Golden Ratio Portfolio)Choose FI Podcast #574:  Top Five Regrets of the Dying (Book Club with Frank Vasquez and Ginger) | Ep 574Kitces Reverse Glidepath Article:  The Benefits Of A Rising Equity Glidepath In RetirementBreathless AI-Bot Summary:Most retirees don’t fail because they spend too much; they struggle because their portfolios weren’t built for withdrawals. We unpack how risk parity, smarter rebalancing, and a reverse glide path can protect early-retirement years while keeping growth on the table. Along the way, we share listener stories that show what happens when a 100% stock believer embraces diversification and discovers the joy of giving—through donor-advised funds, employer matches, and a simple plan to distribute one percent or more each year.We start with a real allocation shift: blending large growth, small value, long Treasuries, gold, managed futures, and a small sleeve of REITs to reduce sequence risk. Then we get tactical. For individual REIT holdings, we treat the sleeve as one allocation and only rebalance when the sleeve moves versus the rest of the portfolio. Inside the sleeve, focus on outliers—trim oversized winners, reassess laggards with deteriorating stories—and keep transactions light to minimize taxes and churn.The heart of the episode explores how generosity reshapes retirement planning. Using a donor-advised fund to “stress test” withdrawals at high rates teaches mechanics and builds confidence, while employer matching turns donations into leveraged impact. We talk practical tools—automating gifts, donating appreciated shares, setting “use-by” dates on giving accounts—and nontraditional forms of giving that create work, support local businesses, and deepen relationships.We close by breaking down the reverse glide path championed by Michael Kitces and echoed by Bill Bengen: start retirement with lower equity exposure and increase it over time. Our working template moves from the low 40% equity range toward 60–70% as years pass—an evidence-informed band that historically supports higher safe withdrawal rates and tamps down sequence risk. Paired with risk parity diversification and a deliberate giving plan, it’s a path that funds a life you actually want to live.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Grant, Brian, and Mourad.  We unpack Grant's various gambling problems with leveraged ETFs and Bitcoin wrappers, owning gold in CAD or USD for Canadians, the role of preferred shares and Mourad's recent visit to the Father McKenna Center.Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterChoose FI Podcast #574:  Top Five Regrets of the Dying (Book Club with Frank Vasquez and Ginger) | Ep 574Mary's CASA Case Adoption Story:  The Johnson’s Foster Care & Adoption StoryPortfolio Charts Global Analysis:  What Global Withdrawal Rates Teach Us About Ideal Retirement Portfolios – Portfolio ChartsBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Ever been tempted by a product that promises steady price, double‑digit yield, and exposure to the hottest asset on earth? We take a hard look at leveraged ETFs, Bitcoin‑linked strategies, and engineered income, then draw a clean line between thrill and risk you can actually carry. Grant checks in with a levered twist on the Golden Butterfly, swapping UPRO for TQQQ and TNA, and we explain why the Russell small cap complex often hides junky growth that fails to diversify when you need it most. If you want real balance, pair concentrated growth with genuine value or defensives, not a label that only looks like value on a factsheet.We also break down MicroStrategy’s stock behavior versus spot Bitcoin and explore STRC, the “preferred” fund aiming to keep price near par while dialing a high payout. The headline yield is labeled return of capital, which may defer taxes but doesn’t manufacture wealth if the underlying can’t out-earn distributions. When the tide turns, structures like this tend to leak value, especially if they rely on direction and volatility to cooperate. If your goal is Bitcoin exposure, owning a spot ETF is usually cleaner and more predictable than chasing premium/discount dynamics or engineered yield.For Canadian listeners, we make the case for treating gold as a currency and holding it in CAD to match real-world spending, reducing the noise of USD/CAD swings. Bonds are different: long U.S. Treasuries remain premier crisis ballast thanks to reserve currency demand. We review a thoughtful 50% equity risk‑parity‑style allocation targeting a 5% withdrawal rate, flag why a heavy preferred shares sleeve can be a drag, and suggest shifting part of that into long duration Treasuries, more gold, or a true diversifier like managed futures. Want portfolios that survive the cycle? Favor transparent exposures, honest hedges, and tools like Portfolio Charts to pressure‑test your mix across currencies.If this helped sharpen your plan, follow the show, share it with a friend who loves complex wrappers, and leave a quick review so more DIY investors can find us.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Camille and Jeff.  We discuss how 72(t) and asset swaps enable early IRA access, where to place managed futures and treasuries for taxes, practical cash options at IBKR and ultra-short term ETFs, designing a mix for higher safe withdrawal rates, when to ratchet spending and when to hold flat, and tracking mandatory versus discretionary spending, among other things.And THEN we our go through our weekly portfolio reviews of the eight sample portfolios you can find at Portfolios | Risk Parity Radio.Additional Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterHow To Do An Asset Swap Video from Risk Parity Chronicles:  How to Do an Asset SwapFI Tax Guy Post on 72(t):  Retire on 72(t) Payments – The FI Tax GuyWhite Coat Investor Podcast with Sean Mullaney:  Managing Taxes in Retirement with Sean Mullaney | White Coat InvestorTax Planning Book:  Amazon.com: Tax Planning To and Through Early Retirement: 9798999841599: Garrett, Cody, Mullaney, Sean: BooksUltra-short ETFs for Parking Excess Cash:  Ultra Short-Term ETF ListPortfolio Charts Descriptions of Variable Withdrawal Strategies:  Retirement Spending – Portfolio ChartsBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:What if your IRA isn’t a locked box until 59½? We dig into the real-world playbook for early access and smarter withdrawals, showing how 72(t) and asset swaps let you fund life now without wrecking your allocation or triggering penalties. Along the way, we answer donor questions on where to park managed futures when tax-advantaged space is tight, how to rebalance when bonds live behind the IRA wall, and the cleanest ways to earn yield on cash at Interactive Brokers with short-term ETFs like SGOV, BIL, and JPST. We also touch on BOXX for high earners and ask our Canadian friends to weigh in on legacy RRSP headaches.From there, we map a durable withdrawal framework: blend growth and value equities, hold intermediate and long treasuries for ballast, and add diversifiers like gold and trend to raise your safe withdrawal rate. If pensions and Social Security cover the essentials, a 5% withdrawal from a risk-balanced mix can still thrive over 30 years, especially when you limit spending increases to 1% instead of full CPI. For raises, we compare floor-and-ceiling rules to ratchets so you can lock in gains after meaningful portfolio advances, yet stay flexible when markets wobble.To ground it all, we run through market movers—growth stocks buzzing, gold shining, bonds steadying—and share performance across our sample portfolios, from classic Golden Butterfly to leveraged variants. Takeaways are simple and usable: your access is wider than you think, tax location is a spectrum not a slogan, and the best spending rule is the one that fits your life. Subscribe, leave a review, and tell us: which withdrawal rule would you follow this year, floor and ceiling or a ratchet?Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Phil and Chris.  We discuss moving from target date funds to low-cost index funds, why equity diversification needs a value tilt, how managed futures replication mimics an index fund in that asset class, options collars versus simply holding less equity, momentum models trade-offs and regime risk, long Treasuries compared with STRIPS for rate sensitivity, why TIPS don’t hedge portfolio-level inflation and practical ways to fight portfolio-level inflation with value-tilted stocks and alternatives.Links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterMany Happy Returns Podcast Featuring Tyler:  How to Pick Your Perfect Portfolio, with Tyler from Portfolio ChartsPortfolio Charts Drawdowns Chart:  Drawdowns – Portfolio ChartsDMBF Video Re Dispersion of Recent Returns:  iMGP DBi Managed Futures Strategy ETF Update with Andrew Beer | October 2025Bernstein TIPS Article:  Riskless at Age 104 - Articles - Advisor Perspectives ("A bond fund manager recently related to me his difficulty in figuring out the role of TIPS in his portfolios. After fumbling for a reply, I realized that he was right: like Social Security, they don’t occupy a formal slot in most folks’ asset allocation. . . . TIPS should be kept mentally separate from the policy asset allocation as well.")Breathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Ever feel like your “set it and forget it” fund is quietly holding you back? We open the hood on target date funds and show how shifting to clear, low-cost index building blocks can recover real performance over the long haul. From there, we get practical about designing portfolios that don’t just look diversified—they behave differently when markets sour. Think value tilts to counter mega-cap concentration, long-duration Treasuries for recession defense, and managed futures for trend-driven shock absorption.We also tackle the allure of complexity. Options collars can cap losses, but they cap gains too—and often mimic what you’d get by simply holding less equity and more diversifiers. Momentum strategies like GEM carry academic support, yet every rule set faces regime risk and behavioral hurdles. Rather than chasing perfect timing, we focus on roles: which assets hedge recessions, which fight inflation, and which compound steadily in normal times. That clarity helps you skip the noise and build sturdy allocations.On inflation, we cut through the myths. TIPS protect relative to nominal bonds, but they rarely shield an entire portfolio when inflation surges. If you want a real inflation response, look to assets with pricing power and trend sensitivity—managed futures, energy producers, and certain insurers—while reserving long Treasuries for growth shocks. We share why DBMF’s replication approach acts like an “index” for trend following, how STRIPS such as ZROZ can replace some long bonds for targeted rate exposure, and why a global perspective makes U.S.-centric limiting beliefs easier to spot and drop.If you’re ready to swap wrappers for transparency and replace clever tactics with durable structure, this one’s for you. Follow the show, share it with a friend who’s reconsidering their default fund, and leave a quick review so more investors can find these ideas.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Arun, Neil, and Stephen.  We discuss intermediate accumulation portfolios, when you start needing bonds and being a good family man; favorite listener episodes #436 and #441, and an analysis of Thurman portfolios and what they are missing.  Links:Episode 436 Video Summary:   https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WQ1hvoLaX3hJL3DoLnaWsAxNBdOYFLB0/view?usp=sharingEpisode 441 Video Summary:  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fHpBZCykn-UOXMarWKIMVX0tLG9-OEDa/view?usp=sharingRetirement Investment Advisors SEC Disclosure:  Microsoft Word - DRAFT 2 ADV 03.2025 PART 2-03.25.2025Thurman 10 Steps To Build Retirement Portfolio:  E-Book 10 Portfolio Steps v1.2024PortfolioLab Thurman Portfolio:  Randy Thurman All-Weather Retirement Portfolio | PortfoliosLabPortfolio Visualizer Analysis of Thurman Portfolios:  Backtest Portfolio Asset Class AllocationBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Tired of vague investing advice that wilts when real life hits? We open the mailbag and get practical about three decisions most DIY investors face: rebalancing a mid-term portfolio, adding bonds before retirement, and whether a 100 percent stock allocation can actually work when you’re withdrawing. Along the way, we put a highly marketed “all-weather” retirement framework under the microscope and show why corporate bonds often fail when you need ballast most.We start with an intermediate-term goal: saving for a house in three to five years. Rather than forcing taxable rebalancing, we explain how to direct new contributions and dividends toward lagging sleeves to maintain balance while sidestepping taxes. Then we tackle bond placement for accumulators in their late 30s and early 40s: why Treasuries belong in traditional 401(k)s, why cost basis doesn’t matter inside retirement accounts, and when adding bonds is a sleep-aid rather than a must-have. Next, we confront the 100 percent stock question. If you intend to underspend and maximize terminal wealth, it can work. If you want higher sustainable withdrawals, diversification wins.The centerpiece: a head-to-head backtest of an “all-weather retirement” recipe built around corporate bonds and global equities versus a more balanced, risk-parity-inspired mix that includes Treasuries and a modest allocation to gold. The results highlight a core truth of sequence risk: smaller, shorter drawdowns can raise safe withdrawal rates and preserve flexibility. We also talk mindset—stop treating assets like sports teams. They’re tools: stocks for growth, Treasuries for defense, gold for inflation shocks. Set your stock percentage first, split growth and value, prefer Treasuries over corporates for hedging, consider 10–15 percent gold, and test your plan with Portfolio Visualizer, Portfolio Charts, Testfolio, and the Early Retirement Now toolkit.Life design matters too. For parents in the exhausting middle—toddler chaos, peak earnings, zero time—we share a simple playbook: cut low-yield work commitments, focus on small, memorable family moments, and accept this as a temporary storm. Build a portfolio that buys time, not stress, and let your money serve the life you want. Enjoy the conversation, and if it helps, subscribe, leave a review, and share this episode with a friend who’s balancing markets and midnight wake-ups.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Dave, Isaiah, and Ian.  We discuss back-testing tools, revisit UPRO and leverage from the last episode, the inherent biases and incentives for retail financial advisors to recommend underspending and using underspending plans larded with window dressings, and revisit a limited 401k and a retirement scenario from Episodes 420 and 444.And THEN we our go through our weekly portfolio reviews of the eight sample portfolios you can find at Portfolios | Risk Parity Radio.Additional links:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterPortfolio Visualizer Backtester:  Backtest Portfolio Asset AllocationTestfolio Backtester:  testfol.ioBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Think your withdrawal rate is just a number? We dig into why the path matters more than the headline, showing how 0%, 3%, and 6% withdrawals change resilience without altering which portfolios dominate across different eras. Then we pull apart the leverage mirage: why 3x S&P funds can look unbeatable in calm runs yet suffer brutal volatility drag and catastrophic left tails when the decade turns against you. The goal isn’t fear—it’s sizing risk so you don’t bet your future on luck.We also wade into the psychology of advice. Even fee-only planners face incentives to keep clients underspending, leaning on cash-heavy buckets, retirement “paychecks,” and tidy jargon that soothes but often costs performance. If you’re wired for DIY, you’ll appreciate a finance-first approach: let evidence drive the allocation, not marketing hooks. We contrast retail comfort with institutional discipline and offer a practical way to align your plan with the results you actually want.For listeners wrestling with constrained 401k menus, we map out how to approximate risk parity using the levers that matter most: low-cost stock and core bond indexes, selective value tilts, and tax-aware placement. We touch Roth versus traditional choices when you’re in a low bracket, how to secure your FI core, and why continuing to work a decade after reaching FI might mean it’s time to spend more on life, not just accumulate more line items.We close with a sharp market rundown and performance across sample portfolios, from classic diversifiers to levered blends. If you want a clear-eyed, practical framework for withdrawals, leverage, advisor incentives, and building robust portfolios with imperfect tools, this conversation will sharpen your plan. If it resonates, follow the show, leave a review, and share it with a friend who needs a finance-first reset.Support the show

In this episode we answer emails from Roman, Andrew and Iain.  We discuss the plusses and minuses of leverage, volatility drag, and how leverage interacts with diversification and withdrawals, general observation on tax optimization via account buckets, small cap value index funds and Avantis/DFA merits, and modelling annuities versus mandatory versus discretionary spending in retirement.LInks:Father McKenna Center Donation Page:  Donate - Father McKenna CenterBen Felix Leverage Video:  Investing With Leverage (Borrowing to Invest, Leveraged ETFs)Leveraged ETFs Paper:  Double-Digit Numerics - Articles - The Big Myth about Leveraged ETFsOptimized Portfolios Article/Website:  How To Beat the Market Using Leverage and Index InvestingJim Sandidge Chaos Theory Applied to Drawdowns:  RMJ081-ChaosAndRetirementSecurity.pdf"Buffet's Alpha" Paper:  Full article: Buffett’s AlphaNew Tax Planning In Early Retirement Book:  Amazon.com: Tax Planning To and Through Early Retirement: 9798999841599: Garrett, Cody, Mullaney, Sean: BooksMerriman Best IN Class ETF Selections:  Best ETFs 2025 | Merriman Financial Education FoundationBreathless Unedited AI-Bot Summary:Ever wonder why leverage looks brilliant during bull markets but feels brutal the moment you start withdrawing cash? We break down the promise and pitfalls of adding leverage to diversified, risk parity-style portfolios, then show how the math of volatility drag and sequence risk can quietly erode safe withdrawal rates. It’s an honest tour of what works in accumulation, what breaks in retirement, and how to engineer a calmer path without surrendering all upside.We start with the straight talk: leverage and concentration are the two proven routes to outperformance, but only one of them can be paired safely with broad diversification. From hedge fund history to the “Aggressive 50/50” experiment, you’ll hear why high-octane blends can top the charts and then stall after deep losses, especially when distributions force selling at the worst times. We contrast that with return stacking and measured leverage, which aim for equity-like returns with better risk control, and we share practical tools—rebalancing discipline, cash buffers, and dynamic spending bands—to keep a drawdown portfolio intact.Taxes matter just as much as tickers. We walk through Roth vs traditional contributions, why present marginal rates and future flexibility drive the choice, and how to place bonds smartly across tax buckets. On the equity side, we revisit small cap value: why classic S&P 600 value exposure is solid, and how AVUV and DFA’s profitability filters can sharpen the factor without turning it into active guesswork. Then we turn to spending: build the plan around real expenses, not theoretical annuities. Set a durable floor for essentials, keep a flexible layer for the fun stuff, and consider partial annuitization later in life if longevity and peace of mind are worth the trade.Support the show